Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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Isolation and characterization of antiprotozoal compound-producing Streptomyces species from Mongolian soils
Get PDFapplication/pdfNatural resources are recognized as important sources of potential drugs for treating various infections, and microorganisms are a rich natural source of diverse compounds. Among the world's microorganisms, actinomycetes, which are abundant in soil and marine, are the well-known producers of a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites and antibiotics. In the present study, four actinomycetes (samples N25, N6, N18, and N12) were isolated from soil samples in Mongolia. Phylogenetic analysis of these isolates revealed that they share the highest similarity with Streptomyces canus (N25), S. cirratus (N6), S. bacillaris (N18) and S. peucetius (N12), based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Crude extracts were obtained from them using ethyl acetate, and the crude fractions were separated by thin layer chromatography. The fractions were then evaluated for their cytotoxicities and their anti-Toxoplasma and antimalarial activities in vitro. The S. canus (N25) crude extract was selected for further chemical characterization based on its antiprotozoal activities. Using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) was detected and identified in the active fractions of the metabolites from strain N25. We next confirmed that commercially available PCA possesses antiprotozoal activity against T. gondii (IC50: 55.5 μg/ml) and Plasmodium falciparum (IC50: 6.4 μg/ml) in vitro. The results of this study reveal that soil actinomycetes are potential sources of antiprotozoal compounds, and that PCA merits further investigation as an anti-protozoal agent.journal articl
十勝地方におけるエゴマ（Perilla frutescens）の 生育特性と適性品種の選抜
Get PDFapplication/pdfエゴマは、アジア原産の油糧作物で、α‐リノレン酸を多量に含むことから機能性食材として注目を集めている。本研究では、十勝地方に適したエゴマ品種の選抜を目的に、現在十勝地方で栽培されている在来品種「北海道在来」と北日本を原産とする10品種を2018年と2019年に帯広市において栽培し、草型特性や収量構成要素、収量等を比較した。北海道在来は、2年間の栽培を通じ、全品種の中で種子収量と油収量が最も高かった。北海道在来は、入植の際に本州から持ち込まれたエゴマ品種の中から北海道の環境に適したものが生産者によって選び出され、在来種として定着したものと考えられる。青森県原産の「大畑」や群馬県原産の「イクサ」は、北海道在来と同等の高い種子収量と油収量を示した。これらの品種は、十勝地方のエゴマ品種の多様性を高めるための直接的な栽培利用が期待できる。調査した特性間の相関分析により、種子収量は1次分枝数と花序数によって強く決定づけられることが分かった。岩手県原産の「二戸」や「軽米」は、北海道在来よりも多くの1次分枝や花序を分化する傾向を示した。これらの品種は、より生産性の高い品種を育成する際の育種母本としての利用が期待できる。Perilla is an oilseed crop endemically grown in Asia. With its rich alpha-linolenic acid content, perilla attracts
much attention as the food with health-promoting benefits. In this study, we cultivated the native varieties of perilla including “Hokkaido-zairai” grown exclusively in Tokachi region and other 10 varieties collected from the northern region of Japan in 2018 and 2019, and compared their growth and yields to select the suited varieties for promoting the production of perilla in Tokachi region. Through the two year’s cultivation, Hokkaido-zairai showed the highest grain and oil yields among 11 varieties. Probably, Hokkaidozairai was established as a native variety of Hokkaido after the repeated selection by the farmers who thirsted for elite
crops adaptive to their climatic environments. “Ohata” from Aomori prefecture and “Ikusa” from Gunma prefecture also showed high grain and oil yields comparable to Hokkaidozairai. Those varieties could be used in a direct way for diversifying the varieties of perilla in Tokachi region. Correlation analysis deduced that the grain yield was decided principally by the number of primary branches and spikes. “Ninohe” and “Karumai” both from Iwate prefecture tended to develop many primary branches and spikes than Hokkaidozairai. Those varieties are profitable as the breeding materials for improving the productivity of perilla.departmental bulletin pape
Studies on the roles of livestock reservoirs in the epidemic of trypanosomosis and piroplasmosis
Get PDF帯広畜産大学博士（畜産衛生学）2020application/pdf博士学位論文
大学院畜産学研究科 畜産衛生学専攻
Doctoral Program in Animal and Food Hygienedoctoral thesi
Centronuclear Myopathy with Abundant Nemaline Rods in a Japanese Black and Hereford Crossbred Calf
Get PDFapplication/pdfHistopathological examination was performed on skeletal and diaphragmatic muscles from an 8-month-old male crossbred calf showing abnormal gait and tremor of the hindlimbs. There were numerous round fibres with centrally placed nuclei forming nuclear chains in longitudinal sections, associated with interstitial fibrosis or adipose tissue infiltration. On nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) staining, some muscle fibres in severe lesions showed a spoke-like appearance due to a radial arrangement of sarcoplasmic strands. Additionally, increased NADH-TR activity in the subsarcolemmal structures, appearingas ring-like or necklace-like forms, were observed. Transmission electron microscopy revealed dilated sarcoplasmic reticulum and variably shaped electron-dense inclusions consisting of myofibrillar streams. Another prominent feature was the existence of numerous nemaline rods within muscle fibres; these were stained red by Gomori's trichrome stain. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the nemaline rods showed strong immunoreactivity with α-actinin and desmin antibodies. Electron microscopically, these structures were composed of dense-homogeneous material and continuous with the Z disk. The case was diagnosed as centronuclear myopathy with increased nemaline rods.journal articl
Matrix metallopeptidase expression and modulation by transforming growth factor-β1 in equine endometrosis
Get PDFapplication/pdfEquine endometrial fibrosis (endometrosis) is described as a degenerative chronic condition in the uterus. Its characteristic feature is excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components around the endometrial glands and stroma. Although matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) that mediate ECM turnover are important factors in the process of fibrosis, knowledge of their expression and regulation in endometrosis is limited. In other species, one of the important regulators of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) is transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. The goal of this study was to determine (i) endometrial expression of MMPs and TIMPs during endometrosis and (ii) the effect of TGF-β1 on expression of MMPs and TIMPs in equine endometrial fibroblasts and epithelial cells. In the follicular phase of the estrous cycle, MMP-1, -2, -9, and TIMP concentrations were higher during endometrosis than in healthy endometrium (P < 0.05). In the midluteal phase, MMP-3 concentration was lower in severe endometrosis compared to healthy endometrium (P < 0.05). In fibroblasts, TGF-β1 upregulated MMP-1, -9, -13, and TIMP1, but downregulated MMP-3 secretion (P < 0.05). In epithelial cells, TGF-β1 upregulated MMP-1, -9, -13, and TIMP secretion (P < 0.05). Endometrial expression of MMPs and TIMPs is altered during endometrosis. TGF-β1 is a regulator of endometrial ECM remodeling via its effect on MMPs and TIMPs in equine endometrial fibroblasts and epithelial cells.journal articl
Dynamics of sperm-uterine interaction that initiates a maternal pro-inflammatory response in the cow
Get PDF帯広畜産大学博士（畜産衛生学）2019application/pdf博士学位論文
大学院畜産学研究科畜産衛生学専攻
Doctor’s Course of Animal and Food Hygienedoctoral thesi
猫の鼻腔からSchizophyllum communeが検出された1症例
Get PDFapplication/pdf推定10歳齢、未避妊の雑種猫が、流涙と鼻汁を主訴に来院した。鼻梁部の腫脹、左側鼻孔からの出血と鼻汁、歯周炎がみられ、X線検査で鼻骨の骨吸収、前頭洞と鼻腔の不透過性亢進、鼻中隔の不明瞭化が認められた。抗生剤投与で症状は軽減していたが、第82病日に再び腫脹した鼻梁部内部から大量の真菌菌糸を認め、分子生物学的にSchizophyllum commune（和名：スエヒロタケ）が同定された。イトラコナゾールの投与を開始したところ、鼻梁部の腫脹は沈静化した。journal articl