Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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Data from expressed sequence tags from the organs and embryos of parthenogenetic Haemaphysalis longicornis
Get PDFapplication/pdfObjectives:Haemaphysalis longicornis is the most important tick species in Japan and has a wide range of vector capacity. Due to its veterinary and medical importance, this tick species has been used as a model for tick/vector biological studies. To identify the key molecules associated with physiological processes during blood feeding and embryogenesis, full‑length cDNA libraries were constructed using the fat body, hemocytes‑containing hemolymph, midgut, ovary and salivary glands of fed females and embryos of the laboratory colony of parthenogenetic H. longi-cornis. The sequences of cDNA from the salivary glands had been already released. However, the related information is still poor, and the other expressed sequence tags have not yet been deposited.Data description:A total of 39,113 expressed sequence tags were obtained and deposited at the DNA DataBank of Japan. There were 7745 sequences from embryos, 7385 from the fat body, 8303 from the hemolymph including hemocytes, 7385 from the midgut, and 8295 from the ovary. The data, including expressed sequence tags from the salivary glands was summarized into Microsoft Excel files. Sharing this data resource with the tick research community will be valuable for the identification of novel genes and advance the progress of tick research.Explanation of these data
Data file 1_ESTs_Hl_Fat Body (Umemiya-Shirafuji et al.)
(http://doi.org/10.24556/00004700)
Data file 2_ESTs_Hl_Hemolymph (Umemiya-Shirafuji et al.)
(http://doi.org/10.24556/00004701)
Data file 3_ESTs_Hl_Midgut (Umemiya-Shirafuji et al.)
(http://doi.org/10.24556/00004702)
Data file 4_ESTs_Hl_Ovary (Umemiya-Shirafuji et al.)
(http://doi.org/10.24556/00004703)
Data file 5_ESTs_Hl_Salivary glands (Umemiya-Shirafuji et al.)
(http://doi.org/10.24556/00004704)
Data file 6_ESTs_Hl_Embryo (Umemiya-Shirafuji et al.)
(http://doi.org/10.24556/00004705)journal articl
飼育下における日本在来中型食肉類の常同歩行の評価
Get PDFapplication/pdf飼育動物は、野生下では見られない異常行動（常同行動）を示すことがある。常同行動の一つである常同歩行は同じ経路を繰り返し往復する行動であり，飼育下食肉類で多く観察される。動物園では、常同歩行を減少させる取り組み（環境エンリッチメント）が行われているが、常同歩行が持つ役割に関する研究は少なく、常同歩行の発現により満たされる潜在的欲求については検討の余地がある。そこで本研究では、日本在来の中型食肉類であるエゾタヌキNyctereutes viverrinus albusとキタキツネVulpes vulpes schrenckiについて、野生下で両種の行動圏が変化する晩夏期から秋期を調査期間（8月〜10月）と定め、常同歩行の距離を計測してそのパターンを把握し、さらにその季節変化の有無を明らかにすることを試みた。これらの結果を野生個体で報告されている行動データと比較し、常同歩行が飼育下で果たす役割について検討を行なった。観察は、帯広市のおびひろ動物園狐狸舎にて日中に行われた。エゾタヌキでは観察日21日中9日で常同歩行が観察され、全観察日における平均距離は411.2ｍであり、月ごとの平均常同歩行距離に有意差はみられなかった。キタキツネでは21日中15日で常同歩行が観察され、全観察日における平均距離は614.4ｍであり、9月のみ他の月より有意に平均常同歩行距離が長かった。これらの結果から、飼育下エゾタヌキは野生個体より長い距離を歩行し、飼育下キタキツネは野生個体と同程度の距離を歩行していたことが示された。タヌキにおいては野生下での探餌行動が、またキツネにおいては野生下での通常の移動行動が、それぞれ常同歩行に置き換わっているのかもしれない。今後、サンプル数を増やし、夜間や他の時期においても観察を行うことによって、飼育下個体における常同歩行の役割がより明確になるであろう。Captive animals often demonstrate abnormal stereotypic behaviors. Stereotypic pacing (a repetitive walking that serves no clear purpose) is one of these behaviors. This behavior is frequently observed in carnivores. To reduce this behavior, environmental enrichments have been performed in zoos. Stereotypic pacing may reduce stress in captive animal, however, is not well understood yet. In the present study, we investigated the characteristics of stereotypic pacing (walking distance) of two captive medium-sized carnivores indigenous to Japan: racoon dog (Nyctereutes viverrinus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes). As both species generally change their home range size from late summer to autumn in the wild, we hypothesized that their stereotypic pacing may also differ between summer and autumn. We conducted this experiment for seven days of each month from August to October 2020 at the Obihiro Zoo, Obihiro, Japan. Raccoon dog showed stereotypic pacing in nine days. The mean of daily walking distances was 411.2 m (SD ±167.9), which was longer than that reported in a wild individual previously. We did not find a significant difference between the different months (Kruskal-Wallis test, P > 0.05). Omnivorous raccoon dog usually forages for food resources such as plants and insects in the wild. However, in captivity, without foraging behavior, the walking (stereotypic pacing) distance may be longer, since there is no stimulation to stop walking. Red fox showed stereotypic pacing in 15 days; mean of daily walking distances was 614.4 m (SD ±184.1). The walking distance in September was significantly longer than that in August (Steel-Dwass test, P < 0.01). In autumn, young red foxes usually disperse, as might some old individuals. This behavioral characteristic may be reflected in the increase in walking distance in September.departmental bulletin pape
ヒメネズミApodemus argenteusにおける営巣用資源運搬行動の解明
Get PDFapplication/pdf森林性のネズミ類の中には、営巣資源（葉等の巣材）を巣内に搬入する種が存在する。この様な ‘資源運搬’は、生存および繫殖において欠かせない重要な行動であると考えられるが、直接観察することは難しく、その実態については殆ど研究されていない。一定量の植物体組織が運ばれることによって、森林内の微小な環境は確実に変化し、運搬物の種類・量、および運ばれる頻度によっては、他種の生物（昆虫類や微生物等）に影響を与え、周囲環境の改変へと繋がる可能性が考えられる。しかしながら、このような仮説を検証するためには、運搬される物質の定量的な評価が不可欠であり、その情報を収集することが最初の課題となる。そこで本研究では、森林性ネズミ類の巣材運搬行動について、運搬コストを‘仕事’として定量的に評価すること、そして運搬行動の特徴を明らかにすることを目的とした。このために、樹洞に巣材を搬入し繫殖場所やねぐらとして利用するヒメネズミApodemus argenteusを研究対象に選び、北海道の帯広市内の林において、巣箱および自動動画撮影カメラを用いた行動観察を行った。
自動撮影カメラのデータから、本種の仕事コストを見積ることが出来た。日内における運搬時間にはピークが認められ、仕事を均一に行うわけではないことが観察された。そして、本種の巣材運搬行動は7月に集中しており、運搬行動が頻繁に観察された（仕事の量が多かった）巣箱では繁殖が確認された。従って、巣材の運搬は繁殖の準備と関連するものであることが示された。仕事の量と繁殖成功との関係をはじめ、運搬にかかるコストの違いとその結果については今後の興味深い検討課題であろう。Some species of forestry murids carry the nesting materials such as leaves and bark into their nests. Although this behavior seems to be important for their survival and reproduction, it has not been studied in detail, as it is difficult to observe these animals in the wild. The movement of plant materials to other places by several mice may results in a change in the forest micro-environments. In addition, other organisms such as insects and bacteria would be affected by the transfer of plant materials carried by mice. To test these hypotheses, it is essential to first quantitatively evaluate the behavior carrying nest materials, and, second, grasp the characteristics of carrying behavior. In the present study, we attempted to evaluate the cost of the carrying behavior of wild mouse as a ‘work’ in physics. Also, we aimed to understand the biological characteristics associated with carrying behavior. We used nest boxes and automatic video cameras to observe small Japanese field mice (Apodemus argenteus) in the forests of Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan, as they carried nest materials into their nests situated in tree cavities. We successfully evaluated the cost of carrying nest materials as work. During the day, the mice did not work constantly, and each individual showed different peaks for working. We found that the mice carried nest materials intensively in July, after which behavior they always gave birth to infants. This suggests that the work of carrying nest materials may be related to their reproduction. In further studies, we must examine the relationship between the amount of working cost and reproductive success.departmental bulletin pape
Evaluating the use of piezo manipulator, laser or their combination for blastocoel cavity puncture to improve cryopreservation outcomes of large equine embryos
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe main difficulty of large equine embryo cryopreservation is the replacement of blastocoel fluid with cryoprotectant solution. The objective of this study was to improve the cryopreservation of large equine embryos with PMAP and/or LAP. Embryos were collected via the non-surgical transcervical procedure and divided into three groups based on their size (A ≤ 300 µm, 300 µm300 µm). However, more research is required to find the best method for embryos ≥700 µm.journal articl
Studies on Metabolism and Functional Role of Dietary Phospholipids in the Digestive System
Get PDF帯広畜産大学博士（農学）2020application/pdf博士学位論文
大学院畜産学研究科 畜産科学専攻
Doctoral Program in Animal and Veterinary Sciences and Agriculturedoctoral thesi
乾乳牛へのペレット状グリセリン給与が分娩前後の栄養代謝状態および分娩後の疾病発生や乳量,繁殖機能回復へ及ぼす影響
Get PDFapplication/pdf乾乳牛へのペレット状グリセリン給与が分娩前後の栄養代謝状態と分娩後の疾病発生や生産性へ及ぼす影響を調査した．分娩予定3 週前から分娩までグリセリン80 g 含有ペレット（Gly，20 頭）またはプラセボペレット（Cnt，21 頭）を毎日給与した．Cnt のルーメンフィルスコアは分娩前に低下したが（P＜0.05），Gly で変化せず，分娩前の血中β- ヒドロキシ酪酸（BHBA）濃度はGly で低かった（P＜0.05）．分娩前後のボディコンディションスコア（BCS）はGly で高かった（前；P＜0.05，後；P＝0.06）．ケトーシス発症頭数に差はないが治療牛の血中BHBA 濃度はGly で低い傾向にあった（P＝0.07）．以上より，分娩予定3 週前からのグリセリンペレット給与は給与中の採食量を一定に保ち脂質代謝を改善させ，分娩前後のBCS の適切な維持やケトーシスの症状を緩和させる可能性が示された．journal articl
Evaluation of Mongolian compound library for potential antimalarial and anti-Toxoplasma agents
Get PDFapplication/pdf179 compounds in a Mongolian compound library were investigated for their inhibitory effect on the in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. Among these compounds, brachangobinan A at a half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) of 2.62 μM and a selectivity index (SI) of 27.91; 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-O-methylphenyl)-5-(2″,5″-dihydroxyphenyl)oxazole (IC50 3.58 μM and SI 24.66); chrysosplenetin (IC50 3.78 μM and SI 15.26); 4,11-di-O-galloylbergenin (IC50 3.87 μM and SI 13.38); and 2-(2′,5′-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(2″-hydroxyphenyl)oxazole (IC50 6.94 μM and SI 11.48) were identified as potential inhibitors of P. falciparum multiplication. Additionally, tricin (IC50 12.94 μM and SI > 23.40) was identified as a potential inhibitor of T. gondii multiplication. Our findings represent a good starting point for developing novel antimalarial and anti-Toxoplasma therapeutics from Mongolian compounds.journal articl