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Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients at Gulu regional referral hospital art clinic, Northern Uganda
Get PDFapplication/pdfIntestinal parasitic infections create a huge concern in the management and care of HIV positive people in Uganda. Understanding the prevalence and associated factors is vital for proper planning and patient management. To assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital, a crosssectional study was carried out. Three hundred twenty-nine participants were recruited using simple random sampling technique on consenting. Stool specimens were examined microscopically and macroscopically for intestinal parasites. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for demographic data collection and analysis was done using STATA software version 14.0. Prevalence of intestinal parasites was 25.8%; Isolated parasite species were Entamoeba histolytic, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum, Ascaris lumbricoides, Hymenolepsis nana, Schistosoma Mansoni, Strongyloides stercolaris and hookworm. History of abdominal pain (AOR= 12.12, 95% CI: 11.01-14.10, p-value ˂0.001), diarrhea (AOR= 11.1, 95% CI: 11.03-13.16, p-value 0.003), water source (AOR= 3.12, 95% CI: 2.91-4.31, p-value 0.02), and high viral load results (AOR= 2.9, 95% CI: 1.98-3.11, p-value 0.001) were associated with intestinal parasitic infections. Intestinal parasitic infections remain a health challenge among HIV/AIDs patients in the study area; Entamoeba histolytic, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum being common intestinal parasites. History of diarrhea, abdominal pains, high viral load, unreliable safe water sources were associated with diarrhea in HIV/AIDS positive people in the study area. There is a need for health sensitization with emphasize on the importance of environmental sanitation and personal hygiene and enhancement of the prevailing opportunistic infection control interventions among HIV/AIDS positive people on Antiretroviral treatment (ART). Routine deworming and stool examination should be done during follow-up visits.journal articl
Molecular detection of Blastocystis sp. subtype 14 in the Yezo sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Hokkaido, Japan
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No Effect of Selective Maturation on Fruit Traits for a Bird-Dispersed Species, Sambucus racemosa
Get PDFapplication/pdfSelective abortion, also called selective maturation, is a phenomenon wherein maternal plants selectively mature ovules that have the potential to grow into higher-quality fruits, such as those that contain more seeds. We hypothesized that the effects of selective maturation on fruit traits could be influenced by the dispersal mechanism. However, to date, limited studies have been conducted on selective maturation in bird-dispersed fruits. Unlike self- or wind-dispersed species, bird-dispersed species would not selectively mature fruits that contain more seeds because they are not preferred by birds. Here, we investigated the effect of selective abortion on the fruit traits of a bird-dispersed species, elderberry (Sambucus racemosa L. subsp. kamtschatica). We performed a flower-removal experiment. Half of the inflorescences on each individual tree were removed for the treatment group, whereas the control group was not manipulated. We found that the flower-removed trees showed higher fruit sets, suggesting the existence of resource limitation. The number of seeds per fruit did not increase by the experimental treatment. Additionally, the control individuals did not produce larger fruits. The lack of effects on fruit traits supported our hypothesis that the effect of selective maturation on fruit traits may differ among species with different dispersal mechanisms.journal articl
Polyether ionophore kijimicin inhibits growth of Toxoplasma gondii and controls acute toxoplasmosis in mice
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe natural polyether ionophore antibiotics may be important chemotherapeutic agents. Among them, kijimicin represents an important type of ionophore compound because it inhibits Eimeria tenella and human immunodeficiency virus. The ionophore monensin displays potent activities against several coccidian parasites including the opportunistic pathogen of humans, Toxoplasma gondii. At first, we evaluated the anti-Toxoplasma activity of kijimicin, monensin as a reference control, and anti-Toxoplasma drugs such as clindamycin, in vitro. The half inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for the anti-Toxoplasma activities of kijimicin, monensin, and clindamycin were 45.6 ± 2.4 nM, 1.3 ± 1.8 nM, and 238.5 ± 1.8 nM, respectively. Morphological analyses by electron microscopy revealed cellular swelling and multiple intracellular vacuole-like structures in the T. gondii tachyzoites after treatment with kijimicin and monensin. Kijimicin and monensin also inhibited the invasion of extracellular parasites (IC50 = 216.6 ± 1.9 pM and 531.1 ± 1.9 pM, respectively). Importantly, kijimicin treatment resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and generation of reactive oxygen species in T. gondii as monensin did. Furthermore, mice treated with kijimicin at 10 mg/kg/day and 3 mg/kg/day showed 91.7% and 66.7% survival rates, respectively, 30 days after infection with T. gondii. The control mice all died within 18 days of infection. The present study shows that kijimicin inhibits T. gondii growth and changes the ultrastruct of the parasites. This finding may lead to validation of kijimicin as new drug to control T. gondii growth. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.journal articl
農福連携における就労継続支援事業所支援員の役割の経時的変化 : 施設外就労を行うK農場におけるピーマン定植を事例にして
Get PDFapplication/pdf本論文では、就労継続支援事業所支援員に着目し，農福連携における課題の経時的変化と事業所支援員の役割を明らかにした。これにより，施設外就労の農福連携推進の方策を示した。農福連携を行っている野菜農家のピーマン定植を事例とし，発現する課題とその改善策について農家および支援員にインタビューを行った。その結果，支援員の役割は「利用者育成」「作業・道具開発」「就労管理」であることが確認できた。また，利用者育成の後に，作業・道具開発や就労管理が行われていた。これらのサポートにより，農家との強い信頼関係を築いていた。農家の信頼を得るためには，作業に適した利用者を初期に見極めることが重要であり，試用期間を設けることが有効であると考えられた。また，このような支援員の役割の変化を意識することで，「支援員の負担」という問題も解決されると示唆された。This thesis was focused on support stuff of continuous working support institution, and clarified the changes in the time series of issues on agriculture-welfare collaboration and the role of that stuff. From this research, the measures for developing agriculture-welfare collaboration at the case that persons with disabilities works on farms contracted with the institution was implicated. Vegetable farmer who plants peppers on agriculture-welfare was selected and interviewed to managers and support stuff about the problems and its remedial measures. As results, we could confirm the role of support stuff was "human resource developing," "operation and tool developing," and "working management". Moreover, operation and tool developing and working management were conducted after human resource developing. From such supports, they've built a strong reliability with farmer. In order to gain the trust of farmers, it was important to identify workers who are suitable for the operation, and it would be effective to set up a trial period. In addition, it was suggested that awareness of such a change in the role of support staff can solve the problem of "support staff burden".departmental bulletin pape