Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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In vitro trypanocidal potency and in vivo treatment efficacy of oligomeric ethylene glycol-tethered nitrofurantoin derivatives
Get PDFapplication/pdfAfrican trypanosomiasis is a significant vector-borne disease of humans and animals in the tsetse fly belt of Africa, particularly affecting production animals such as cattle, and thus, hindering food security. Trypanosoma congolense (T. congolense), the causative agent of nagana, is livestock's most virulent trypanosome species. There is currently no vaccine against trypanosomiasis; its treatment relies solely on chemotherapy. However, pathogenic resistance has been established against trypanocidal agents in clinical use. This underscores the need to develop new therapeutics to curb trypanosomiasis. Many nitroheterocyclic drugs or compounds, including nitrofurantoin, possess antiparasitic activities in addition to their clinical use as antibiotics. The current study evaluated the in vitro trypanocidal potency and in vivo treatment efficacy of previously synthesized antileishmanial active oligomeric ethylene glycol derivatives of nitrofurantoin. The trypanocidal potency of analogues 2a-o varied among the trypanosome species; however, T. congolense strain IL3000 was more susceptible to these drug candidates than the other human and animal trypanosomes. The arylated analogues 2k (IC50 0.04 µM; SI >6365) and 2l (IC50 0.06 µM; SI 4133) featuring 4-chlorophenoxy and 4-nitrophenoxy moieties, respectively, were revealed as the most promising antitrypanosomal agents of all analogues against T. congolense strain IL3000 trypomastigotes with nanomolar activities. In a preliminary in vivo study involving T. congolense strain IL3000 infected BALB/c mice, the oral administration of 100 mg/kg/day of 2k caused prolonged survival up to 18 days post-infection relative to the infected but untreated control mice which survived 9 days post-infection. However, no cure was achieved due to its poor solubility in the in vivo testing medium, assumably leading to low oral bioavailability. These results confirm the importance of the physicochemical properties lipophilicity and water solubility in attaining not only in vitro trypanocidal potency but also in vivo treatment efficacy. Future work will focus on the chemical optimization of 2k through the investigation of analogues containing solubilizing groups at certain positions on the core structure to improve solubility in the in vivo testing medium which, in the current investigation, is the biggest stumbling block in successfully treating either animal or human Trypanosoma infections. © 2023journal articl
北海道十勝地方のクワガタムシ科
Get PDFapplication/pdf帯広畜産大学昆虫学研究室に収蔵されているクワガタムシ類標本の調査を行い，北海道十勝地方からクワガタムシ類8 種を記録した. マグソクワガタは本研究によって十勝地方から新たに記録された．北海道から記録されているクワガタムシ類11 種のうちの9 種が十勝地方に分布することが確認された．都市化の傾向が強い帯広市平野部には，コクワガタ，スジクワガタ，アカアシクワガタ，ミヤマクワガタ，ノコギリクワガタの5 種が分布することが示された．Eight species of the stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from Tokachi District, Hokkaido, Japan are recorded from the entomological collection of the Laboratory of Entomology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (Obihiro, Japan). Nicagus japonicus Nagel is newly recorded from Tokachi District. Nine of the 11 stag beetle species recorded from Hokkaido are found in Tokachi District, Hokkaido. Following five species are distributed in the plains of Obihiro City, where there is a strong tendency towards urbanization: Dorcus rectus rectus (Motschulsky), Dorcus striatipennis striatipennis Motschulsky, Dorcus rubrofemoratus rubrofemoratus (Snellen van Vollenhoven), Lucanus maculifemoratus maculifemoratus Motschulsky, and Prosopocoilus inclinatus inclinatus (Motschulsky).departmental bulletin pape
北海道の山間部天然林においてヒメネズミApodemus argenteus が巣材に利用する植物種の選好性
Get PDFapplication/pdfヒメネズミApodemus argenteus は北海道から九州まで広く生息する半樹上性齧歯類である。繁殖期には樹洞や巣箱を繁殖場所として利用し、その際に、主に広葉樹の葉を巣材として使用する。巣箱を用いた先行研究より、本州のヒメネズミは特定樹種の葉を選好せず、巣箱付近に生育する様々な葉を利用することが観察されている。しかし、本州の植生とは異なる北海道において、本種がどの様な巣材利用性を示すかについては明らかにされていない。そこで本研究では、北海道のヒメネズミが巣箱の巣材として利用する植物種の同定とそれらに対する選好性の有無を調べ、さらにそのサイズを明らかにすることを目的とした。北海道富良野市に位置する東京大学北海道演習林に設置された120 個の巣箱から2015 年の5 月～ 10 月の間に回収したヒメネズミの巣材を用いて、それらの植物種を同定し、各種の存在割合を算出した後、巣箱周囲に生育する植物種の存在量との比較を行った。さらに、ヒメネズミが巣材として用いる葉のサイズを調べるために主脈の計測を行った。その結果、ヒメネズミは巣材として主に広葉樹の葉を利用するが、ミズナラ、シナノキ属を除く多くの樹種に対して選好性を持たず、巣箱付近に存在する葉を日和見的に利用することが示唆された。これは本州と同様の結果であった。一方、ミズナラについては、高い選好性が認められ、本種とミズナラには相利関係があると推測された。主脈の計測結果から葉身サイズに対する選好性を明らかにすることはできなかったが、本種は最大で主脈が78.2mm の葉を巣材として利用することが示唆された。The Japanese small mouse (Apodemus argenteus) is semi-arboreal and widely distributed in Japan in the regions Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Hokkaido. During the reproductive period, A. argenteus uses tree cavities or nest boxes to rear offspring. In addition, the mice used hardwood leaves as nest materials. A. argenteus found in Honshu do not prefer the leaves of specific tree species, but use a variety of leaves found near the nest. However, in Hokkaido, where the vegetation differs from that in Honshu, the nest materials used by A. argenteus remain unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we identified the plant species used by A. argenteus as nest material and examined whether they preferred specific species in Hokkaido. In addition, we attempted to determine the size of the leaves used. From May to October 2015, we collected nest materials (leaves) of A. argenteus from 120 nest boxes installed at the University of Tokyo Hokkaido Experiment Forest in Furano, Hokkaido, Japan. We identified the plant species, calculated the percentage of each species present, and compared their abundance to that of plant species growing in the surrounding nest box. Midvein measurements were performed to determine the leaf size. A. argenteus primarily uses hardwood leaves as nest materials, but did not prefer many plant species except for Quercus crispula and Tilia spp., and uses opportunistic leaves present in the vicinity of the nest boxes, as was observed in Honshu. We observed a high preference for Q. crispula, suggesting an affinity between A. argenteus and Q. crispula. Although the preferred leaf size was hard to establish based on measurements of midveins, the results suggest that A. argenteus use leaves with a maximum midvein size of 78.2 mm as nest material.departmental bulletin pape
Molecular detection of selected tick-borne hemo-parasites in small ruminants from Seno and Oudalan provinces, Burkina Faso
Get PDFapplication/pdfTick-borne diseases (TBDs) restrict livestock farming and have significant economic impact in sub-Saharan Africa. In endemic areas livestock are exposed to different tick species carrying various pathogens and they transmit them to livestock. Small ruminants in Sahel region plays important role in human livelihood, however, there is scarcity of information on the TBDs epidemiology in this region. Therefore, our study was aimed at providing an overview of the occurrence of TBDs in Seno and Oudalan provinces of Burkina Faso. We used PCR and sequencing to analyze 79 blood samples collected from sheep and goats to detect the tick-borne pathogens (TBPs). The PCR assays used to analyze samples were targeting Theileria ovis SSU rRNA, Ehrlichia ruminantium pCS20, Anaplasma ovis AoMSP4, Anaplasma phagocytophilum Epank1, Babesia ovis SSU rRNA and Theileria spp. 18S rRNA genes. PCR screening revealed that T. ovis and A. ovis were the only pathogens detected in this study. The prevalence rates for T. ovis and A. ovis were 29/79 (36.7%) and 33/79 (41.8%), respectively. Mixed infections were detected in 22/79 (27.9%) samples of this study. Sequence analysis of T. ovis SSU rRNA gene indicated that the gene is conserved among T. ovis isolates in the study area with sequence identity values of 100%. The A. ovis AoMSP4 gene sequences showed that the gene is conserved among the A. ovis isolates in the study area with the sequence identity values of 100%. All A. ovis appeared in the same clade on a phylogenetic tree based on AoMSP4 gene sequences. Likewise, the T. ovis sequences of this study appeared in the same clade of the phylogenetic tree based on SSU rRNA gene. This study provides an overview of the presence of important tick-borne pathogens in small ruminants of Seno and Oudalan provinces of Burkina Faso.journal articl
Studies on the virucidal activity of medicinal plant components against a human norovirus surrogate, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and influenza A virus
Get PDF帯広畜産大学Doctor of Veterinary Medicine博士（獣医学）2023application/pdf博士学位論文大学院畜産学研究科 獣医学専攻Doctoral Program of Veterinary Sciencedoctoral thesi
普及・定着へ求められる基準の具体化と経済的メリットの提示 : 非現実的内容も散見される新たな指針の特徴は
Get PDFapplication/pdf視点2023 アニマルウェルフェア指針への対応journal articl
In Vitro and In Vivo Trypanocidal Efficacy of Nitrofuryl- and Nitrothienylazines
Get PDFapplication/pdfAfrican trypanosomiasis is a vector-borne disease of animals and humans in the tsetse fly belt of Africa. Trypanosoma congolense (“nagana”) is the most pathogenic trypanosome in livestock and causes high morbidity and mortality rates among cattle. In the absence of effective preventative vaccines, the management of trypanosomiasis relies on chemoprophylaxis and/or -therapy. However, the trypanocides in clinical use exhibit poor oral bioavailability and toxicity, and therapeutic failures occur because of resistant strains. Because nitrofurantoin displayed, in addition to its clinical use, promising antiparasitic activity, the current study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro trypanocidal activity and preliminary in vivo treatment efficacy of previously synthesized nitrofuranylazines. The trypanocidal activity of these nitrofuran derivatives varied among the evaluated trypanosome species; however, T. congolense strain IL3000 was more susceptible than other animal and human trypanosomes. The nitrofurylazines 4a (IC50 0.04 μM; SI > 7761) and 7a (IC50 0.03 μM; SI > 9542) as well as the nitrothienylazine 8b (IC50 0.04 μM; SI 232), with nanomolar IC50 values, were revealed as early antitrypanosomal leads. Although these derivatives showed strong trypanocidal activity in vitro, no in vivo treatment efficacy was observed in T. congolense IL3000 infected mice after both oral and intraperitoneal administration in a preliminary study. This was attributed to the poor solubility of the test compounds in the in vivo testing media. Indeed, a challenge in drug discovery is finding a balance between the physicochemical properties of a drug candidate, particularly lipophilicity and water solubility, and maintaining adequate potency to provide an effective dose. Hence, future chemical modifications may be required to generate lead-like to lead-like nitrofuranylazines that possess optimal physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties while retaining in vitro and, ultimately, in vivo trypanocidal efficacy.journal articl
Effect of Defoliation Time on Rye Yield and Its Quality under Dual-Purpose Cultivation for Roughage and Concentrate Production
Get PDFapplication/pdfan abundant amount of grains in the second crop. BT showed the highest grain yield of 239 g m−2, which corresponds to 60% of the yield from the unmowed control. FH produced grains of only 76 g m−2, which barely met the requirement of the dual-purpose cropping system. To enhance the nutritional yield of roughage, it is recommended to harvest the first crop at the early heading stage. Conversely, to achieve a higher grain yield, defoliation should be carried out during the booting stage.journal articl
十勝川水系のいきもの 2023 : 十勝川治水100年記念
Get PDFapplication/pdf哺乳類と両生類
ヒグマとエゾシカ
在来種と外来種
キタサンショウウオの発見魚類
サケとカラフトマス
ヤマメとサクラマス
十勝川水系の魚類本冊子は「十勝川治水100年記念事業」の一環として「帯広畜産大学 野生生物保全管理技術養成事業」により作成しました。
「帯広畜産大学 野生生物保全管理技術養成事業」について、詳しくはこちら https://www.obihiro.ac.jp/biodiversityothe
