Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
OAK Obihiro University Archives of KnowledgeNot a member yet
5082 research outputs found
Sort by
Farmer knowledge and behavior towards the prevention, control and eradication of bovine theileriosis in Zimbabwe Principal agent problem and animal health management
Get PDF帯広畜産大学博士（農学）Doctor of Agriculture2023application/pdfLivestock disease are a major setback in livestock production in developing countries and the presence of disease has hampered growth of the livestock industry, reduced the efficiency of farm production making animal health an area of priority. Tickborne di seases affect cattle productivity in Zimbabwe resulting in low cattle productivity, low milk production, low market value and death. The major tickborne disease in Zimbabwe is theileriosis also known as January disease mainly lethal during the peak of the rainy season January. Control of theileriosis is done through cattle dipping to manage external parasites and the department of veterinary services (DVS) monitors the implementation of dipping activities in Zimbabwe. In Zimbabwe the 5 5 4 cattle dipping me thod is used, which entails that cattle dipping must be done in three times in 14 days with 5 day internals twice and then after 4 days.
DVS is responsible for coordinating livestock disease surveillance and to motivate farmers to be active in prevention, control and eradication of disease. The government of Zimbabwe implemented land reforms in the late 1990 to early 2000s and this resulted in increased farmer population and strained veterinary thus disruption in veterinary extension and disease occurrence increasing. In recent years theileriosis has been increasing on a year by year between 2018 and 2022 at least 500,000 cattle succumbed to the disease and despite the mitigatory measures by the government to reduce the prevalence of the disease the economi c cost of the disease huge. DVS has put in a plan to deal with theileriosis but the disease continues to increase thus leaving a gap on the possibility of farmer knowledge, attitudes and behavior towards the theileriosis.
Using the principal agent theory this research was done to evaluate the veterinary extension and farmer relationship and what factors have contributed to information asymmetry in livestock production in Zimbabwe. The aim of the research was to outline three specific objectives which are: socio economic characteristics of the farmers in Mhondoro Ngezi impact the knowledge of theileriosis; communication mediums used by the veterinary influence the level of knowledge for theileriosis prevention and control; and knowledge and attitudes towards theileriosis influence 5 5 4 cattle dipping behavior. This study was done in Mhondoro Ngezi, Zimbabwe, a district in Mashonaland Province. The district was chosen because it has been the epicenter of the theileriosis outbreak in Zimbabwe. Data was collect ed in two phases between September 2021 and October 2022.
Using the multivariate probit model regression was done to analyze the socio economic factors that impact knowledge of theileriosis and source of veterinary information. Farmers age, gender, educa tion, ownership of radio, landholding and ownership of mobile phone are the main socio economic indicators that impact knowledge of theileriosis. There is an aged population of farmers in the rural areas with an average age of 53 years and the age skewed t o the right with more farmers in the 50 65 age range. There were more male farmers than females however the female farmers participated more in cattle dipping programs than their male counterparts. Education was a significant indictor to disease knowledge. Further farmers who had mobile phones with access to the internet had more contact with veterinary.
Instrumental Variables method was used to analyze the endogeneity problem on knowledge of theileriosis and its effect on percentage of dead cattle. Commun ication mediums and source of information were the two exogenous variable that influenced knowledge of theileriosis. knowledge of theileriosis was significant in reducing the percentage of dead cattle per farmer. Farmers who used the right source of inform ation from the veterinary extension and used communication mediums that promoted retention of message such as written documents and recorded material had higher knowledge than the famers who relied on word of mouth. Age of the farmer played a significant role to the knowledge acquisition process as well as the income and veterinary access time.
To evaluate the behavior of farmers towards 5-5-4 cattle dipping, knowledge and attitude analysis was done using a structural equation model. Knowledge of theilerio sis was reflected in the ability of farmers to identify the signs of the disease, while the attitude of the farmers was more inclined to separating sick cows. the 5 5 4 behavior of cattle dipping was indicated to be practiced by farmers who were active in dip tank management and those that has a practice of cutting the tail brush. Knowledge and attitude had no significant relationship and attitude had no significant relationship with behavior, however, knowledge and behavior had a significant positive relat ionship meaning that the higher the farmer knowledge the higher the chances to practice 5 5 4 cattle dipping.
The DVS (principal), had limited contact with the farmer in order to influence or motivate the farmers (agent) to have the desired behavior pract ice. There is evidence of information asymmetry, which has been as a result of the principal’s actions failure to respond to the growing needs of the farmers to motivate and incentivize the farmer to practice the proper biosecurity measures. DVS must consi der developing education programs that they use in youth groups and primary and secondary schools to encourage young farmers to be active in livestock production. To attract young and energetic farmers DVS should support agriculture education curriculum on livestock production in primary and secondary schools.
Farmers have challenges to access veterinary services and there is limited direct and indirect communication, thus DVS should consider using radio platforms for the rural farmers who can’t use social media platforms as the radio is a trusted source of information. This means that DVS must ensure that there are regional specific strategies that meet with the socio economic status of the farmers. Farmers generating income from livestock production had i ncreased knowledge of theileriosis because of the need to protect their cattle herd from disease, thus, it is important for DVS to encourage the government to incentivize and motivate rural farmers to participate in livestock value chain and create policie s that protect rural and smallholder livestock keepers. The government of Zimbabwe should consider increasing agriculture subsidies that are for livestock production thus improving the farmer understanding of agriculture livestock production.
Land reform had a negative impact on disease control but the introduction of community based activities like dip tank management which can be done on a rotational basis in the local communities will help improve individual farmer participation in livestock production in rural areas. Though the government is still in the trial phase on the vaccine production, it must be noted that increase in knowledge and improving behavior practice for biosecurity in individual farm is important to achieve success in disease eradicati on. To remove information asymmetry, Public Private Partnerships and collaboration between principal and the agent must be prioritized to motivate and incentivize farmers.家畜疾病は発展途上国における家畜生産の大きな制約要因であり、疾病の存在は畜産業の成長を妨げ、農業生産の効率性を低下させるため、家畜衛生課題への対応が急務である。サブサハラアフリカでは、ダニ媒介性疾病が牛の生産性を大きく低下させている。ジンバブエではダニ媒介性疾病により牛の乳生産量は低下、最後的に家畜は死亡し、その市場価値は失われる。ジンバブエの主なダニ媒介性疾病は、1月病としても知られるタイレリア症で、主に雨季のピークである1月に発生する。タイレリア症の制御は、駆虫剤が入った設備（水槽）に牛を入れる（CattleDipping、以下、CD）ことで行われており、獣医サービス局DepartmentofVeterinaryService、以下、DVS）がCDによるタイレリア症の制御を監視している。ジンバブエでは、14日間のうちに、5日間隔で2回、その4日後にさらに１回、計3回のCDを行う、5-5-4CDと呼ばれる方法が推奨されている。
ジンバブエでは農家人口が増加し、農地改革により獣医療サービスは崩壊状態にあり、家畜疾病の発生が増加してきた。近年では、タイレリア症は2018年から2022年にかけて年々増加しており、この病気で死亡した牛は少なくとも5万頭に達した。DVSはタイレリア症に対処する方策を検討しているが、この疾病に関わる農家の知識・態度・行動と現実の対策には大きなギャップが存在する。
この研究の目的は、農家の特徴と家畜衛生対策の知識レベルを評価し、獣医サービスと農家の関係をプリンシパル・エージェント理論から考察し、情報の非対称性の状態にあるジンバブエの畜産生産活動の課題を、知識・態度・行動の視点から解明することにある。調査地域はマスホナランド県モンドロ・ンゲジ地区で、ジンバブエにおいてタイレリア症の被害が最も大きいな地域である。主な研究目的は次の３点である。第一は、農家の社会経済的特徴がタイレリア症の知識水準に与える影響を解明することである。第二は、コミュニケーション手段がどのようにタイレリア症の予防と抑制の知識水準に影響を与えているかを明らかにすることである。第三は、農家のタイレリア症の知識・態度がどのように5-5-4CDの実施に影響を与えているかを明らかにすることである。調査データは、2021年9月から2022年10月までの間に行った２回のフィールド調査から収集した。
多変量プロビットモデルにより、タイレリア症の知識水準に影響を与える農家の社会経済的特性について分析を行った。性別、ラジオの所有、農地所有形態、携帯電話の所有等がタイレリア症の知識水準に与える要因であった。女性経営者は、よりCDに参加する傾向があった。また、インターネットにアクセスできる携帯電話を持つ農家ほど、獣医師との接触回数も多くなることが明らかとなった。
次に、タイレリア症の知識獲得におけるコミュニケーション手段の利用がどのように、牛の死亡頭数の減少に影響を与えているか、操作変数法の手法から明らかにした。タイレリア症の知識水準は農家の死亡家畜を減少させることが統計的に示された。手書きの資料などで情報を保有する農家ほど、口頭で情報交換する農家より高い知識を持っていた。
また、5-5-4CDの農家行動に知識と態度がどのような影響を与えているかを構造方程式モデルから明らかにした。タイレリア症の知識は疾病の兆候を見つける能力と関連があった。554CDの実施は、CDの水槽管理を行っている農家で頻繁に行われる傾向が確認された。また、農家の知識が高まると、5-5-4CDを実施している傾向が示された。
DVS（プリンシパル）は農家（エージェント）と限られた接触機会しかなく、獣医師と農家には情報の非対称性の問題があり、プリンシパルがエージェントの要求に十分に対応できていない状況にある。DVSは若い農家が畜産生産の現場で意欲的に活動できるような教育プログラムの開発を考える必要があるだろう。
農家はラジオのような信頼できる情報源がなく、農家は獣医サービスへのアクセスに課題をもつ。よって、DVSは、地方のソーシャルメディアが使えない農家向けに、ラジオ放送の利用を考えるべきである。家畜生産からの収入割合が高い農家は、牛を病気から守る必要性から、タイレリア症の知識水準が高かった。DVSは、地方の小規模農家が畜産バリューチェーンに参加する誘因を政府に与えるよう働きかけることが重要である。
ジンバブエの農地改革は家畜疾病対策に悪影響を及ぼしたが、CDの水槽管理については、地域コミュニティで輪番ベースにより実施できる取組みは、農村での個々の農民参加を促進するであろう。ジンバブエではタイレリア症のワクチン開発は進んでいるが、疾病を根絶させるには、農家個々におけるバイオセキュリティの知識水準向上と農家行動の変革が求められる。情報の非対称性の課題を解消するには、プリンパル（政府）とエージェント（農家）の協力関係が重要である。博士学位論文大学院畜産学研究科 畜産科学専攻Doctoral Program of Animal Science and Agriculturedoctoral thesi
Studies on toxicity assessment of emerging environmental pollutants and unraveling the underlying mechanisms of toxicity based on the morphological and transcriptomic approaches using developing zebrafish
Get PDF帯広畜産大学博士（獣医学）Doctor of Veterinary Medicine2023application/pdf博士学位論文大学院畜産学研究科 獣医学専攻Doctoral Program of Veterinary Sciencedoctoral thesi
Development of a novel rodent model for dog heartworm microfilaremia using the severe-combined immunodeficiency mouse
Get PDFapplication/pdfDirofilaria immitis is a mosquito-borne parasitic nematode that causes fatal heartworm disease in canids. The microfilariae are essential for research, including drug screening and mosquito-parasite interactions. However, no reliable methods for maintaining microfilaria long-term are currently available. Therefore, we used severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice to develop a reliable method for maintaining D. immitis microfilaria. SCID mice were injected intravenously with microfilariae isolated from a D. immitis-infected dog. Microfilariae were detected in blood collected from the tail vein 218 days post-inoculation (dpi) and via cardiac puncture 296 dpi. Microfilariae maintained in and extracted from SCID mice showed infectivity and matured into third-stage larvae (L3s) in the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. L3s can develop into the fourth stage larvae in vitro. Microfilariae from SCID mice respond normally to ivermectin in vitro. The microfilariae in SCID mice displayed periodicity in the peripheral circulation. The SCID mouse model aided in the separation of microfilariae from cryopreserved specimens. The use of SCID mice enabled the isolation and sustained cultivation of microfilariae from clinical samples. These findings highlight the usefulness of the SCID mouse model for studying D. immitis microfilaremia in canine heartworm research. © The Author(s) 2024.journal articl
Social epidemiology integrated study for bovine brucellosis control in Myanmar
Get PDF帯広畜産大学博士（畜産衛生学）Doctor of Animal and Food Hygiene2024博士学位論文大学院畜産学研究科 畜産衛生学専攻Doctoral Program of Animal and Food Hygienedoctoral thesi
Studies on the development of safe, reliable, and labor-saving methods for the molecular diagnosis of important human respiratory viruses
Get PDF帯広畜産大学博士（獣医学）Doctor of Veterinary Medicine2024博士学位論文大学院畜産学研究科 獣医学専攻Doctoral Program of Veterinary Sciencedoctoral thesi
Fostering Writing Excellence: Learning from University of Helsinki and University of Iceland to Expand Writing Centers in Japanese Universities
Get PDFThis study explores the development and enhancement of writing centers in Japanese universities by drawing insights from global models established at the University of Helsinki and the University of Iceland. Despite facing challenges, writing centers play a vital role in fostering writing proficiency and academic success. By analyzing the structures and practices of these centers conducted via interviews and on-site visits, this research aims to identify strategies for increasing the presence and effectiveness of writing centers in Japanese higher education. Through a comparative examination of writing center models in diverse contexts, including those in non-English-speaking countries, this study seeks to provide valuable insights into addressing common obstacles and adapting best practices to the Japanese academic landscape. By leveraging lessons learned from global models, Japanese universities can strengthen their writing centers, thereby better supporting student academic achievement and scholarly contributions on an international scale. This project is funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Research-in-Aids for Scientific Research, 23K18896.本研究は、ヘルシンキ大学やアイスランド大学で確立された世界的なモデルから示唆を得ることで、日本の大学におけるライティング・センターの発展と強化を探る。ライティング・センターは課題に直面しながらも、執筆能力の育成と学問的成功のために重要な役割を果たしている。本研究では、ライティング・センターの構造や実践をインタビューや現地訪問を通じて分析することで、日本の高等教育におけるライティング・センターの存在感と効果を高めるための戦略を明らかにすることを目的とする。非英語圏を含む多様な状況におけるライティング・センター・モデルの比較検討を通じて、本研究は、共通の問題を考察することにより、日本の大学の状況に適応させるための貴重な洞察を提供することを目指す。世界的なモデルから学んだ教訓を活用することで、日本の大学のライティング・センターを設置、または強化することができ、それによって国際的な規模で学生の学業達成と学術的貢献をより支援することができる。本研究は、JSSP科研費（23K18896）の助成を受けたものです。departmental bulletin pape
Epidemiological Investigation of Tick-Borne Bacterial Pathogens in Domestic Animals from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Area, China
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau area (QTPA) features a unique environment that has witnessed the selective breeding of diverse breeds of domestic livestock exhibiting remarkable adaptability. Nevertheless, Anaplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., Coxiella spp., and Borrelia spp. represent tick-borne bacterial pathogens that pose a global threat and have substantial impacts on both human and animal health, as well as on the economy of animal husbandry within the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau area. In this study, a total of 428 samples were systematically collected from 20 distinct areas within the Qinghai Plateau. The samples included 62 ticks and 366 blood samples obtained from diverse animal species to detect the presence of Anaplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., Coxiella spp., and Borrelia spp. The prevalence of infection in this study was determined as follows: Anaplasma bovis accounted for 16.4% (70/428), A. capra for 4.7% (20/428), A. ovis for 5.8% (25/428), Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato for 6.3% (27/428), Coxiella burnetii for 0.7% (3/428), and Rickettsia spp. for 0.5% (2/428). Notably, no cases of A. marginale and A. phagocytophilum infections were observed in this study. The findings revealed an elevated presence of these pathogens in Tibetan sheep and goats, with no infections detected in yaks, Bactrian camels, donkeys, and horses. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first investigation of tick-borne bacterial pathogens infecting goats, cattle, horses, and donkeys within the Qinghai Plateau of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau area. Consequently, our findings contribute valuable insights into the distribution and genetic diversity of Anaplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., Coxiella spp., and Borrelia spp. within China.journal articl
Milk processing systems of the Mongolian nomadic Khalkha groups in Eastern Mongolia and technique transmission from West Asia
No full textapplication/pdfThe purpose of this paper is to understand the milk processing system practiced in the Mongolian nomadic Khalkha groups of Su'qbaatar and Dornod Provinces in eastern Mongolia through a field survey, to compare it with surrounding areas of Qentiy and Dundgowi Provinces, and then to analyze the transmission of processing techniques by further comparison with those of Syria, Jordan, Iran and Iraq in West Asia. The milk processing techniques of fermentation, cream separation and additive coagulation are all used in Su'qbaatar and Dornod Provinces. In fermentation processes, the technique of alcohol fermentation with churning is mainly used for cow milk to process alcoholic sour milk, followed by further processing to spirit, butter oil and non-matured dry cheese. In cream separation processes, the technique of heating/cream separation is used, in which cream is first separated from milk and non-matured dry cheese is processed from skim milk. In additive coagulation processes, the technique of fermented milk coagulation which utilizes lactic acid fermented whey as a coagulant is used to process non-matured dry cheese. These techniques are widely shared in the eastern part of Mongolia. It is characteristic of Su'qbaatar Province that the processing of cow milk is dominated by the technique of fermentation processes, mainly alcohol fermentation with churning. It is presumed that the technique of churning sour milk transmitted from West Asia to eastern Mongolia, and then the function of churning originally for butter processing was converted to allow for alcohol fermentation under the cooler environment in North Asia.journal articl
採食量反映するRFSも併用しBCS低下前に対処するのが理想 : 問題ある牛を見つけるためのスコア活用法
Get PDFapplication/pdf技術ワイド 牛のサイン読み取り経営改善へ③journal articl