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Harnessing traditional principles and guidelines for utilization compliance and sustainability of Maasai Alalili systems in northern Tanzania
No full textThis research article was published by Sustainable Environment , Volume 11, 2025Resilience in Indigenous communities and their lands faces challenges from multiple fronts,
including climate change, biodiversity loss, altered biogeochemical flows, and socio-cultural
transitions. Innovative solutions like Indigenous local knowledge featuring the community repo-
sitories that could enable policy practice are needed to explore, shift, and articulate such trajec-
tories towards sustainable and desired futures. The study used a mixed-method approach to
gather information on the extent to which Maasai communities practice traditional principles
and guidelines for sustainable management of the Alalili systems. Purposive and stratified random
sampling techniques facilitated data collection from literature review, direct field observation, key
informant interviews, focused group discussions, and household surveys, which were analyzed
using Chi-square and t-tests, narrative, and descriptive techniques. The findings indicate a variation
between the traditional principles and guidelines reported from the surveyed literature and those
recorded from the field survey. We found that the literature sparingly reported six aspects of the
traditional principles and guidelines, whereas the field survey from the community comprehen-
sively reported four harmonized aspects. More than 50% of the surveyed Alalili systems are
currently not complying with documented management principles and guidelines from the
literature and community traditions, thus increasing their proximity to the effects of degradation.
We reveal that the probability of compliance is higher in the private Alalili category. We recom-
mend their official recognition by policymakers and putting them into practice as a conservation
initiative for supporting future rangeland sustainability and the pastoral communities’ livelihood development
Bayesian prediction of under-five mortality rates for Tanzania
No full textThis research article was published in the journal of Franklin Open, Volume 10, 2025Under-five mortality is a burden on health and economic systems in developing countries. This study used
under-five mortality rate (U5MR) data for Tanzania from 1960 to 2020 to predict trends of under-five mortality
over the period of 2021 to 2051. Using a Bayesian state space model, it is found that the model is stable in
forecasting. Results show that under-five mortality will continue to decline from 48.9 in 2020 to 32.9 in 2030,
a decrease of 32.7%. But despite this decrease, Tanzania will likely not meet the Sustainable Development
Goal (SDG) for under-five mortality by 2030. Additional efforts by the government through evidence-based
interventions should be undertaken to improve child survival by expanding access to health care, especially
in rural areas, taking into account local context
Efficiency of honey–grape blend in reducing radiation-induced mucositis in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
No full textThis research article was published in AIMS Medical Science, Volume 12, Issue 1, 2025This study assessed the efficacy of a honey–grape blend in reducing the
severity and onset of radiation oral mucositis (ROM) in patients with locally advanced squamous cell
carcinoma of the head and neck. Oral mucositis is an acute side effect caused by chemotherapy or
radiotherapy in the head and neck region. ROM affects patients’ quality of life and treatment expenses.
Various pharmaceutical and natural remedies, such as sucralfate, aloe vera, and amifostine are used to
mitigate the effects of ROM. However, the available modalities’ efficacy is low and is associated with
many side effects. Materials and methods: This cohort study was conducted at the Ocean Road
Cancer Institute and Besta Polyclinic in Tanzania. The study included 73 patients with locally
advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated from March 2024 to August 2024.
The World Health Organization mucositis grading system was used to assess patients’ progress weekly.
Data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 27. Results:
Delayed onset (15% Grade 3 for the honey–grape group and 45% Grade 3 for the control group at 28
days) and reduced the severity of ROM (only 20% Grade 3 with no Grade 4 for the honey–grape group
while for the control group, it was 25% Grade 3 and 20% Grade 4 at 45 days) (p-value < 0.001). Body
weight changes at starting and after completion of radiotherapy were observed (2.65 kg average weight
loss for the control group and 1.8 kg, 0.45 kg weight gain for the honey group and honey–grape blend
group). Prevalence between genders was 62% males and 38% females. Conclusions: Honey and honey
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blended with grapes can minimize the severity and delay the onset of ROM in patients with locally
advanced head and neck cancer. More studies are needed, since no study has been conducted
addressing the efficacy of honey–grape blends in reducing ROM severity
Synergistic antimicrobial mechanisms of silver-doped zinc oxide for water treatment: a systematic review
No full textThis research article was published by H2Open Journal ,2025This systematic review provides an overview of the existing research on antimicrobial mechanisms of silver-doped zinc oxide nanocomposites (Ag/ZnO NCs). It reports the existing knowledge on the synergistic effect (relationship) between silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) for its optimum application. The doping of Ag into the ZnO has been used to enhance its photocatalysis and antimicrobial performance by improving the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Ag/ZnO NCs’ microbial elimination can be done through generated ROS, metallic (Ag+ and Zn2+) ions, and direct attack by the nanoparticles (NPs). Unlike the summation of individual use outcomes, the antimicrobial results of Ag/ZnO create a synergetic effect. This brings the sustainable use of the materials by increasing their efficiency while lowering the amounts used. This article systematically reviews the antimicrobial mechanisms of Ag/ZnO against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It further analyses the quantitative and qualitative synergism between Ag and ZnO when applied together as antimicrobial materials. This systematic review found Ag/ZnO as a potential microbial elimination agent. Many studies reported the chemical synthesis of Ag/ZnO, which might cause a yield of toxic nanomaterials. Further studies on biosynthesis are pivotal for the sustainable supply of safe, non-toxic materials aimed at drinking water treatment
Stumbling blocks for solar social enterprises: Unveiling the barriers facing enterprises serving the base of the pyramid solar market in Tanzania
No full textThis research article was published by Energy Research & Social Science Volume 119, January 2025Despite the initially favourable environment for solar PV investments, the relevant literature increasingly emphasizes the emerging barriers that threaten the growth and sustainability of solar PV enterprises. This has led scholars to examine challenges in East Africa's solar energy subsector, with a focus on the evolving institutional environment. However, we discovered that, within the ongoing discourse surrounding this sector, relatively limited scholarly attention has been given to solar energy service social enterprises (SEs). In response to this gap, we have conducted a specific study to explore the barriers facing the performance of solar energy service SEs in Tanzania. Drawing on institutional theory, we unveil the formative, normative and cognitive factors that influence the performance of SEs. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with ten solar SEs in Tanzania, supplemented by a review of the literature. The study revealed that regulatory barriers such as an unfavourable policy environment, grid arrival regulations, uncertainties over tariff policies, the prevalence of counterfeit products and limited access to finance and capital, as well as normative constraints such as limited partnerships and networking, are key barriers to operating at the base of the pyramid (BoP). The study underscores the need for collaborative efforts between the government, investors and SEs to create an enabling environment to continue serving the BoP market
The role of artificial intelligence tools in enhancing accessibility and usability of electronic resources in academic libraries
No full textThis research article was published in the journal of Library managementPurpose
This study examined the role of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in facilitating the accessibility and usability of electronic resources (e-resources) in academic libraries.
Design/methodology/approach
This study employed a quantitative descriptive survey to collect data from library users. The population targeted was sampled using a purposive sampling technique. A total of 427 (58%) participated in this study.
Findings
Most respondents preferred electronic journals (e-journals) among the e-resources stored in academic libraries. Chatbots were identified as preferred AI tools for accessing and enhancing the usability of these resources. Strategies mentioned included the potential for integrating AI tools across various e-resources. However, among the challenges reported was the inability to integrate AI tools with the existing library management systems. Improving e-resource discovery and access can significantly enhance the effectiveness of AI tools in academic libraries.
Originality/value
Originality in the context of AI applications in academic libraries refers to the unique approaches, innovative tools and creative solutions that enhance the accessibility and usability of electronic resources. By focusing on unique solutions that enhance the accessibility and usability of e-resources, these libraries can better serve their diverse user populations and adapt to the evolving landscape of information needs
Multiporate Poaceae pollen grains observed in the recent fossil record from the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem and Lake Victoria region
Full text linkThis research article was published by Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology Volume 333, 2025The analysis of fossil pollen from sediments is used to understand past vegetation and land cover variability. The observations of multiporate Poaceae pollen from sediments have received little attention in the literature and causes and rates of occurrence have few estimates, and the rates observed in the sediments are much lower than estimates observed from modern plants in Asia. Pollen analysis of the uppermost sediments from Speke Gulf, Lake Victoria, eastern Africa, showed relative abundances of Poaceae between 65 and 75% during the past centuries. A total of 19 of the ∼ 11,000 Poaceae pollen grains observed had conspicuous morphological variations and were documented. More consistent presence of abnormal grains occurred since the mid twentieth century, at the same time of increased anthropogenic environmental stressors. Multiporate pollen grains of Poaceae have been previously observed in Asia, South America, and northern Africa, predominantly in the Panicoideae subfamily. Morphological variations may present an added challenge for automated pollen identification techniques and descriptions of fossil pollen
The phosphorus negotiation game (P-Game): first evaluation of a serious game to support science-policy decision making played in more than 20 countries worldwide
Full text linkThis research article was published by Discover Sustainability, Volume 6, 2025Environmental negotiations are complex, and conveying the interaction between science and policy in traditional teaching methods is challenging. To address this issue, innovative educational approaches like serious gaming and role-playing games have emerged. These methods allow students to actively explore the roles of different stakeholders in environmental decision-making and weigh for instance between sometimes conflicting UN Sustainable Development Goals or other dilemmas. In this work the phosphorus negotiation game (P-Game) is for the first time introduced. We present the initial quantitative and qualitative findings derived from engaging 788 students at various academic levels (Bachelor, Master, PhD, and Postdoc) across three continents and spanning 22 different countries. Quantitative results indicate that female participants and MSc students benefitted the most significantly from the P-Game, with their self-reported knowledge about phosphorus science and negotiation science/practice increasing by 71–93% (overall), 86–100% (females), and 73–106% (MSc students in general). Qualitative findings reveal that the P-Game can be smoothly conducted with students from diverse educational and cultural backgrounds. Moreover, students highly value their participation in the P-Game, which can be completed in just 2–3 h. This game not only encourages active engagement among participants but also provides valuable insights into the complex environmental issues associated with global phosphorus production. We strongly believe that the underlying methodology described here could also be used for other topics
DeltaSense: Africa's remote sensing guardian of landscape degradation
No full textThis conference paper was published in the EGU25-8212, 2025Land degradation in East Africa poses significant challenges to ecosystem resilience and human
wellbeing. While traditional monitoring approaches focus on direct land-use changes, we present
DeltaSense, an innovative remote sensing tool that utilises inland lake deltas as sensitive
indicators of regional landscape degradation. This newly funded project aims to expand the tool's
coverage across the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, and
Mozambique, building upon a pilot study in the Lake Kivu region.
Ourapproachcombinessatellite time series analysis with ground-truth data to detect and monitor
environmental changes across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Through collaboration with
key regional institutions, including the Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma (OVG), Université
catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Rwanda Water Resources Board (RWB), Mountains of the Moon
University (MMU), and the Nelson Mandela-African Institute of Science and Technology (NM-AIST),
the project will establish a comprehensive monitoring network throughout the Great Lakes region.
This multi-institutional approach ensures robust local expertise and sustainable implementation
across the target countries.
By analysing delta dynamics over 40 years, DeltaSense provides insights into the spatiotemporal
patterns of land degradation. The tool integrates multiple satellite data sources with field
measurements, including UAV imagery and bathymetric surveys, to validate and calibrate
degradation assessments. This methodology enables the identification of degradation hotspots
and evaluation of remediation practices.
Initial results from the Lake Kivu region demonstrate the tool's capability to detect various
degradation drivers, including deforestation, agricultural expansion, violent conflicts and mining
activities. The open-source platform facilitates collaboration between researchers, government
agencies, and local communities, promoting evidence-based environmental management
decisions.
This research represents a significant advancement in environmental monitoring by providing
near real-time, actionable data for sustainable resource management. The approach's scalability
and adaptability make it particularly valuable for regions facing similar environmental challenges
globally, with potential applications extending beyond East Africa
Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte binding protein homologue-5, which is a potential malaria vaccine candidate: baseline data from areas of varying malaria endemicity in Mainland Tanzania
No full textThis research article was published by Malaria Journal Volume 24, (2025)Background
The limited efficacy of the two recently approved malaria vaccines, RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix- M™, highlights the need for alternative vaccine candidate genes. Plasmodium falciparum Reticulocyte Binding Protein Homologue 5 (Pfrh5) is a promising malaria vaccine candidate, given its limited polymorphism, its essential role in parasite survival, a lack of immune selection pressure and higher efficacy against multiple parasites strains. This study evaluated the genetic diversity of Pfrh5 gene among parasites from regions with varying malaria transmission intensities in Mainland Tanzania, to generate baseline data for this potential malaria vaccine candidate.
Methods
This study utilized secondary data of 697 whole-genome sequences which were generated by the MalariaGEN Community Network. The samples which were sequenced to generated the data were collected between 2010 and 2015 from five districts within five regions of Mainland Tanzania, with varying endemicities (Morogoro-urban district in Morogoro region, Muheza in Tanga, Kigoma-Ujiji in Kigoma, Muleba in Kagera, and Nachingwea district in Lindi region). Wright's fixation index (FST), Wright’s inbreeding coefficient (Fws), Principal component analysis (PCA), nucleotide diversity (π), haplotype network, haplotype diversity (Hd), Tajima's D, and Linkage disequilibrium (LD) were used to assess the diversity of the gene.
Results
Of the sequences used in this study, 84.5% (n = 589/697) passed quality control and 313 (53.1%) were monoclonal (contained infections from a single strain of P. falciparum) and were used for haplotype diversity and haplotype network analysis. High within-host diversity (Fws < 0.95) was reported in Kigoma-Ujiji (60.7%), Morogoro-urban (53.1%), and Nachingwea (50.8%), while Muleba (53.9%) and Muheza (61.6%) had low within-host diversity (Fws ≥ 0.95). PCA did not show any population structure and the mean FST value was 0.015. Low nucleotide diversity values were observed across the study sites (mean π = 0.00056). A total of 27 haplotypes were observed among the 313 monoclonal samples and under-fives exhibited higher haplotype counts. The Pf3D7 was detected as Hap_1, which occurred in 16/313 (5.1%) monoclonal sequences. Negative Tajima's D values were observed among the parasite populations in all the study sites.
Conclusion
Low levels of polymorphism in the pfrh5 gene were observed based on low nucleotide and haplotype diversity, a lack of population structure and negative Tajima’s D values. This study provides essential data on the diversity of the Pfrh5 gene indicating that it can be considered in the development of the next generation malaria vaccines. Robust and intensive studies of this and other candidate genes are crucial to support the prioritization of the Pfrh5 gene for potential inclusion in a broadly cross-protective malaria vaccin