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Energy Management for a Random Outage Grid-tied Hybrid Photo- voltaic Solar-Thermal Energy System for health Center Applications
Get PDFThis research article was published by Renewable Energy Research and Applications (RERA),Vol. 5, No 2, 2024, 131-145,2023This research work proposes and evaluates an enhanced open-loop photo-voltaic evacuated tube solar
thermal collector hybrid energy system based on the developed multi-objective energy management strategy
that manages and coordinates the hybrid system with a randomly unreliable grid power source to meet the
health center's energy demand using the TRNSYS software. A technical assessment of the system shows that
the system is capable of meeting system load with a solar fraction of 67% even on days with an overcast sky
level of radiation as low as 250 W/m2 and only 37.5% grid power availability. Overall, the system has a solar
fraction of 80%. The implication of an 80% solar fraction is the large environmental benefit of reducing
emissions and improved system economic viability, indicating that the formulated energy management
achieves the goal of promoting renewable energy sources in the hybrid system. An economic analysis of the
system revealed that it has a payback period of 6.9 years and net present value of $36,985 at the end of the
project's lifetime. This demonstrates that the upgrade of the traditional hybrid PVT with an evacuated tube
collector operated based on the developed energy management strategy has met the goal of minimizing
emissions with significant environmental and economic savings
Physicochemical and microbiological characterization and of hospital wastewater in Tanzania
Get PDFThis Research Article was published by Total Environment Research Themes,2023Given the complex composition of hospital wastewater and the high risk of initiating disease outbreaks,
comprehensive monitoring and treatment of hospital wastewater are required to prevent social and environ-
mental consequences. This study investigated the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of
wastewater from the Benjamin Mkapa Hospital in Dodoma Tanzania. The wastewater from this hospital is treated
in a horizontal flow Constructed Wetland (CW) planted with Typha latifolia before being discharged into the
environments. Wastewater samples were collected at the CW inlet and outlet from 02nd May 2022 to 25th July
2022. The results shows that the effluent discharged had pH 7.48 ± 0.63, electrical conductivity 2441 ± 623 μS/
cm, Total dissolved solids 1305.5 ± 396 mg/L, Total suspended solids 49.17 ± 53.11 mg/L, Turbidity 9.1 ±
14.83 NTU, COD 170.4 ± 40.6 mg/L, BOD5 74.8 ± 33.5 mg/L, NO3-N 45.4 ± 39.97 mg/L and PO4-P 4.52 ±
2.30 mg/L. The CW removed TSS by 82% and turbidity 94%. COD, BOD and NO3-N were removed by 48%, 47%
and 58% respectively. E. coli concentration in effluent samples ranged from 1.1 × 101 CFU/mL to 1.1 × 102 CFU/
mL with an average of 1.77logCFU/mL. Average BOD5/COD ratio was 0.5 and 0.4 for influent and effluent
respectively. The effluent contained higher levels of EC, TDS, and PO4-P than the influent. According to the
findings of this study, most of the parameters of wastewater effluent discharged wasn’t Given the complex composition of hospital wastewater and the high risk of initiating disease outbreaks,
comprehensive monitoring and treatment of hospital wastewater are required to prevent social and environ-
mental consequences. This study investigated the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of
wastewater from the Benjamin Mkapa Hospital in Dodoma Tanzania. The wastewater from this hospital is treated
in a horizontal flow Constructed Wetland (CW) planted with Typha latifolia before being discharged into the
environments. Wastewater samples were collected at the CW inlet and outlet from 02nd May 2022 to 25th July
2022. The results shows that the effluent discharged had pH 7.48 ± 0.63, electrical conductivity 2441 ± 623 μS/
cm, Total dissolved solids 1305.5 ± 396 mg/L, Total suspended solids 49.17 ± 53.11 mg/L, Turbidity 9.1 ±
14.83 NTU, COD 170.4 ± 40.6 mg/L, BOD5 74.8 ± 33.5 mg/L, NO3-N 45.4 ± 39.97 mg/L and PO4-P 4.52 ±
2.30 mg/L. The CW removed TSS by 82% and turbidity 94%. COD, BOD and NO3-N were removed by 48%, 47%
and 58% respectively. E. coli concentration in effluent samples ranged from 1.1 × 101 CFU/mL to 1.1 × 102 CFU/
mL with an average of 1.77logCFU/mL. Average BOD5/COD ratio was 0.5 and 0.4 for influent and effluent
respectively. The effluent contained higher levels of EC, TDS, and PO4-P than the influent. According to the
findings of this study, most of the parameters of wastewater effluent discharged wasn’t Given the complex composition of hospital wastewater and the high risk of initiating disease outbreaks,
comprehensive monitoring and treatment of hospital wastewater are required to prevent social and environ-
mental consequences. This study investigated the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of
wastewater from the Benjamin Mkapa Hospital in Dodoma Tanzania. The wastewater from this hospital is treated
in a horizontal flow Constructed Wetland (CW) planted with Typha latifolia before being discharged into the
environments. Wastewater samples were collected at the CW inlet and outlet from 02nd May 2022 to 25th July
2022. The results shows that the effluent discharged had pH 7.48 ± 0.63, electrical conductivity 2441 ± 623 μS/
cm, Total dissolved solids 1305.5 ± 396 mg/L, Total suspended solids 49.17 ± 53.11 mg/L, Turbidity 9.1 ±
14.83 NTU, COD 170.4 ± 40.6 mg/L, BOD5 74.8 ± 33.5 mg/L, NO3-N 45.4 ± 39.97 mg/L and PO4-P 4.52 ±
2.30 mg/L. The CW removed TSS by 82% and turbidity 94%. COD, BOD and NO3-N were removed by 48%, 47%
and 58% respectively. E. coli concentration in effluent samples ranged from 1.1 × 101 CFU/mL to 1.1 × 102 CFU/
mL with an average of 1.77logCFU/mL. Average BOD5/COD ratio was 0.5 and 0.4 for influent and effluent
respectively. The effluent contained higher levels of EC, TDS, and PO4-P than the influent. According to the
findings of this study, most of the parameters of wastewater effluent discharged wasn’t Given the complex composition of hospital wastewater and the high risk of initiating disease outbreaks,
comprehensive monitoring and treatment of hospital wastewater are required to prevent social and environ-
mental consequences. This study investigated the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of
wastewater from the Benjamin Mkapa Hospital in Dodoma Tanzania. The wastewater from this hospital is treated
in a horizontal flow Constructed Wetland (CW) planted with Typha latifolia before being discharged into the
environments. Wastewater samples were collected at the CW inlet and outlet from 02nd May 2022 to 25th July
2022. The results shows that the effluent discharged had pH 7.48 ± 0.63, electrical conductivity 2441 ± 623 μS/
cm, Total dissolved solids 1305.5 ± 396 mg/L, Total suspended solids 49.17 ± 53.11 mg/L, Turbidity 9.1 ±
14.83 NTU, COD 170.4 ± 40.6 mg/L, BOD5 74.8 ± 33.5 mg/L, NO3-N 45.4 ± 39.97 mg/L and PO4-P 4.52 ±
2.30 mg/L. The CW removed TSS by 82% and turbidity 94%. COD, BOD and NO3-N were removed by 48%, 47%
and 58% respectively. E. coli concentration in effluent samples ranged from 1.1 × 101 CFU/mL to 1.1 × 102 CFU/
mL with an average of 1.77logCFU/mL. Average BOD5/COD ratio was 0.5 and 0.4 for influent and effluent
respectively. The effluent contained higher levels of EC, TDS, and PO4-P than the influent. According to the
findings of this study, most of the parameters of wastewater effluent discharged wasn’t Given the complex composition of hospital wastewater and the high risk of initiating disease outbreaks,
comprehensive monitoring and treatment of hospital wastewater are required to prevent social and environ-
mental consequences. This study investigated the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of
wastewater from the Benjamin Mkapa Hospital in Dodoma Tanzania. The wastewater from this hospital is treated
in a horizontal flow Constructed Wetland (CW) planted with Typha latifolia before being discharged into the
environments. Wastewater samples were collected at the CW inlet and outlet from 02nd May 2022 to 25th July
2022. The results shows that the effluent discharged had pH 7.48 ± 0.63, electrical conductivity 2441 ± 623 μS/
cm, Total dissolved solids 1305.5 ± 396 mg/L, Total suspended solids 49.17 ± 53.11 mg/L, Turbidity 9.1 ±
14.83 NTU, COD 170.4 ± 40.6 mg/L, BOD5 74.8 ± 33.5 mg/L, NO3-N 45.4 ± 39.97 mg/L and PO4-P 4.52 ±
2.30 mg/L. The CW removed TSS by 82% and turbidity 94%. COD, BOD and NO3-N were removed by 48%, 47%
and 58% respectively. E. coli concentration in effluent samples ranged from 1.1 × 101 CFU/mL to 1.1 × 102 CFU/
mL with an average of 1.77logCFU/mL. Average BOD5/COD ratio was 0.5 and 0.4 for influent and effluent
respectively. The effluent contained higher levels of EC, TDS, and PO4-P than the influent. According to the
findings of this study, most of the parameters of wastewater effluent discharged wasn’t within the effluent discharge standards
The role of modeling in the epidemiology and control of lumpy skin disease: a systematic review
Get PDFThis research article was published by Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important viral disease of cattle caused by lumpy disease virus (LSDV) and transmitted by blood-feeding insects, such as certain species of flies and mosquitoes, or ticks. Direct transmission can occur but at low rate and efficiency. Vaccination has been used as the major disease control method in cooperation with other methods, yet outbreaks recur and the disease still persists and is subsequently spreading into new territories. LSD has of late been spreading at an alarming rate to many countries in the world including Africa where it originated, Middle East, Asia and some member countries of the European Union except the Western Hemisphere, New Zealand and Australia. In order to take control of the disease, various research endeavors are going on different fronts including epidemiology, virology, social economics and modeling, just to mention a few. This systematic review aims at exploring models that have been formulated and/or adopted to study the disease, estimate the advancement in knowledge accrued from these studies and highlight more areas that can be further advanced using this important tool
io-Oil Upgrading over ZSM-5 Catalyst: A Review of Catalyst Performance and Deactivation
Get PDFThis research was published by Hindawi International Journal of Energy Research,Volume 2023Due to population explosion and industrialization, waste biomass and polymer conversion into biofuel has attracted the interest of researchers. The application of the ZSM-5 catalyst for bio-oil upgrading into renewable biofuels has attracted researchers’ efforts as an excellent catalyst. The need for improved biofuel quality with reduced oxygenates has further necessitated the application of catalyzed upgrading techniques. The catalytic performance of the ZSM-5 catalyst was attributed to its exceptional pore structure and window architecture and when it is incorporated with some selected transition metals to improve aromatic hydrocarbon formation. The review revealed that the development of coke deposit on the microspores of the ZSM-5 catalyst hindered the effective transport of large molecular compounds into the active sites for an easy deoxygenation process. Hence, the introduction of mesoporosity, hybrid catalyst development, and tailored crystal growth on the ZSM-5 catalyst could address several hindrances associated to conventional ZSM-5. Therefore, the need for catalyst modification is paramount for ZSM-5 performance during bio-oil upgrading
Real-time IoT-based air quality monitoring and health hazards indicator system for mines regions: a case study of Bulyanhulu gold mine
Get PDFA Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Award of
the Degree of Master of Science in Embedded and Mobile Systems of the Nelson
Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyAir quality in mining regions is a significant concern due to the potential release of pollutants
from mining activities and associated processes. The proximity of mining operations to
communities can have detrimental effects on the air quality and pose health risks to residents.
Despite the well-known harmful effects of breathing in contaminated air, yet, this concern is
commonly neglected due to a lack of information regarding air quality and levels of air quality.
The study indicates that the concentration of pollutants such as PM2.5/PM10, CO, CO2, SO2,
and NO2 can lead to developing chronic diseases such as respiratory issues, coughs, asthma,
ischemic heart diseases, and cancer; due to inhaling hazardous air. This study proposes a real-
time IoT-based air quality monitoring and health hazards indicator system for mining regions.
The study implements a reliable and long-range (LoRa) wireless sensing system that collects
real-time air quality data and updates it to the cloud. The developed real-time IoT-based air
quality monitoring system for mines region is composed of numerous sensors (MQ7, MQ135,
MQ136, MiCS4514, PMS7003, DHT22), Raspberry Pi, ATmega328 microcontroller, LoRa
shields, and the ThingSpeak IoT server. The system collects air pollutants such as carbon
monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM2.5/PM10),
nitrogen dioxide (NO2), temperature, and related humidity. The system is self-contained, using
a solar charger shield to link a photovoltaic solar panel to a rechargeable battery for continuous
operation. The smart sensing device constantly monitors air quality and uploads the results to
a cloud via the coordinator node and the LoRa gateway shield, which in turn uploads the
information to the ThingSpeak IoT server. The data collected are processed to calculate the Air
Quality Index (AQI), which is then analyzed to generate early warnings and an indication of
diseases and dangerous health hazards when exposed to such environments for a certain time.
The results are displayed on a developed web-based dashboard that users can easily access and
visualize the results. The system is very reliable as developed to simplify the monitoring
process and provide accurate data on pollutant levels. The system helps environmental
stakeholders in the air quality data aggregation, analysis, Air Quality Index (AQI) calculation,
Reporting, and easy way of air quality data communication to the public as well as the
indication of health hazards, allowing for informed decision-making, policy formulation, and
mitigation strategies
Du méga au low-tech: Qu'est-ce qu'un système énergétique durable en Afrique de l'Est?
Get PDFThis Research Article was published by the HAL CNRSEn Afrique de l'Est, l'énergie domestique relève de différentes socio-techniques, allant du bois de chauffage et du charbon aux méga-projets (éoliens, géothermie). Ces sociotechniques suscitent des critiques en raison de leurs conséquences socio-écologiques (couvert végétal, santé et de leur inefficacité sociale. Mobilisant une méthodologie STS, « Énergie Socialisée» explore la vulnérabilité énergétique à partir d'alternatives qui allient les technologies appropriées et la participation, dans une perspective dite de « soutenabilité forte » en Afrique de l'Est
Time Series Analysis of Economic Factors Influencing Deforestation in Tanzania
Get PDFThis research article was published by Journal of Mathematics and InformaticsClimate change is a significant contributor to environmental harm and the rise in
Atmospheric carbon dioxide, which raises the earth’s surface temperature. As forests are
the primary mechanism for absorbing carbon dioxide gas and protecting the earth from
global warming and unpredictable weather patterns, a high rate of deforestation is to blame
for this. In this study, the economic drivers causing deforestation in Tanzania include per
capita income, per capita purchasing power, inflation rate, per capita purchasing power,
poverty rate, and electricity consumption are investigated. Autoregressive models with
exogenous variables (VARX (1) – VARX (3)) models are formulated to analyze the effect
of economic variables and forecast the rate of deforestation in Tanzania. The time series
data used from 1994 to 2014 were collected in Tanzania, nature of the data suggests the
increase in the rate of deforestation as time progresses. In this study, the best model VARX
(3, 0) was obtained, and the relationship between the variables through granger causality
was obtained. Also, forecasting was carried out for the next 10 years using the best model
VARX (3, 0) and Kalman Filters. It was observed that economic variables, especially the
poverty rate, have an impact on the rate of deforestation in Tanzania. Furthermore, the
graph shows the increasing trend in the rate of deforestation in the coming years in Tanzania
Uranium Dissemination with Phosphate Fertilizers Globally: A Systematic Review with Focus on East Africa
No full textThis Research Article was published by the HAL CNRS portal ,2023En Afrique de l'Est, l'énergie domestique relève de différentes socio-techniques, allant du bois de chauffage et du charbon aux méga-projets (éoliens, géothermie). Ces sociotechniques suscitent des critiques en raison de leurs conséquences socio-écologiques (couvert végétal, santé et de leur inefficacité sociale. Mobilisant une méthodologie STS, « Énergie Socialisée» explore la vulnérabilité énergétique à partir d'alternatives qui allient les technologies appropriées et la participation, dans une perspective dite de « soutenabilité forte » en Afrique de l'Est
Machine learning model for predicting Peste des Petits Ruminants
No full textThis research article was published by the IEEE,2023Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease that affects small ruminants and is prevalent in many developing countries, particularly in Africa and Asia. It can spread through direct contact, air, and contaminated feed and water. PPR can result in significant economic losses and has a detrimental impact on small ruminant production and trade. Clinical signs include fever, respiratory distress, and diarrhoea, and prevention is primarily through vaccination with a live attenuated vaccine. In this study, 24 samples were selected, pre-processed and synthesized using the Conditional Tabular Generative Adversarial Networks (CTGAN) model. Feature extraction was performed, revealing difficult_breathing as the most important feature in predicting PPR in ruminants. The study used Random Forest Classifier which was fine-tuned using Bayesian Optimization to attain an accuracy of 91%
Non-competitive and competitive detoxification of As (III) ions from single and binary biosorption systems and biosorbent regeneration
Get PDFThis research article was published by Springer Nature Switzerland AG. in 2023The quantity of studies reporting on single-metal sorption systems is increasing every day while the elimination of heavy metals in binary and multisolute systems is seldom reported. Therefore, the biosorption and desorption of arsenic from single and binary systems on hybrid granular activated carbon have been investigated using the batch technique. The hybrid granular activated carbon was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and the results showed that the biosorbent surface characteristics could facilitate arsenic removal from the non- and competitive biosorption media. The main biosorption mechanisms of arsenic on the biosorbent involved surface complexation, electrostatic attraction, and replacement of hydroxyl groups. Furthermore, the effective elimination of arsenic was discovered to be reliant on the sorbent’s physicochemical properties as well as all the studied independent biosorption factors. The equilibrium sorption data of both the single and binary systems were best explained by the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, indicating the mechanism of arsenic biosorption was mainly chemisorption. The Langmuir maximum monolayer sorption capacities of the biosorbent were 205.76 and 153.09 mg/g for the single and binary systems, respectively. While the evaluated thermodynamic parameters suggest that the biosorption removal of arsenic from both sorption systems was spontaneous and endothermic with increasing randomness at the liquid–solid interface, the successive biosorption–desorption studies indicated that the exhausted biosorbent can be renewed without a substantial deterioration in its uptake capacity even after the seventh regeneration cycle. This indicates that the biosorbent has the economic potential to be used repeatedly in arsenic species sequestration from wastewater