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Examining Intervention Programs for Perpetrators and Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: A Review of Contemporary Approaches
Get PDFA systematic review of the effectiveness of intervention programs for perpetrators and victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) was conducted. Inclusion criteria for studies included publication in a peer-reviewed journal, a representative, community, or clinical sample, written in English, and conducted in the United States. A total of 40 articles were included. Comparisons to a prior review highlight developments in research in the past 10 years. Studies into batterer intervention programs, the predominant form of abuser intervention in the United States, found mixed support for their effectiveness in reducing IPV. Issues with program completion remain a problem. Research into victim–survivor programs proved more promising in both reducing IPV and ameliorating adverse mental health outcomes (i.e., depression and posttraumatic stress disorder). Recommendations for intervention and policy with future directions for IPV research are discussed
A Novel Percutaneous Device Enabling both Local Anesthetic Delivery and Electrical Stimulation (Neuromodulation) of Peripheral Nerves for Pain Following Orthopaedic Surgery: An Initial Feasibility Technical Report
Get PDFIntroduction:
Pain following orthopaedic surgical procedures remains undertreated due to inadequate analgesic options. One possible solution is a novel device currently under investigation. The RELAY system (Gate Science, Moultonborough, NH) is comprised of a basic catheter-over-needle device to allow ultrasound-guided percutaneous insertion, leaving a perineural catheter after simple withdrawal of the internal needle. A single-injection bolus of local anesthetic may be quickly administered. Following surgery, the catheter may be attached to a portable infusion pump to provide an ambulatory continuous peripheral nerve block. Unlike previously described perineural catheters, the RELAY has an embedded wire and integrated pulse generator that permit stimulation of the targeted peripheral nerve(s) for up to 28 days. We here provide the first description of this novel device when used to provide postoperative analgesia.
Case Report:
A 67-year-old woman undergoing unilateral (right), primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty provided written, informed consent and had a RELAY inserted under ultrasound guidance with a single pass. A single-injection nerve block was induced with lidocaine 2% (10 mL) and bupivacaine 0.5% (10 mL), both with epinephrine. A ropivacaine 0.2% infusion was initiated with a portable infusion pump via the catheter. Following surgery, the patient reported no surgical pain and her pulse stimulator initiated with a current of 2.2 mA. She was discharged home with the device in situ. Postoperative day (POD) 1 her maximum and average pain measured with a numeric rating scale (NRS) were 3 and 1. During her ropivacaine infusion her worst and average pain scores were 1 and 0, respectively. Following POD 4 (ropivacaine reservoir exhaustion on POD 3) she experienced no pain with active stimulation. The catheter/lead was removed at home by her caretaker without difficulty on POD 7.
Conclusions:
This new device represents a feasible intervention for postoperative pain management in ambulatory settings and further investigation is warranted
Hospital Ethics Committees and Consultants: How Do Clinicians Perceive Their Utility in Resolving Disagreements About Life-Sustaining Treatments?
Get PDFUniformity and Standardized Flexibility Under the CISG: Options for Newly Acceding Contracting States Observing Islamic Law
Get PDFA comparison of surgical outcomes between outpatient and inpatient robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFIntroductionSeveral institutions have reported their experience with outpatient robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (O-RARP). However, it is unclear if the utilization of this approach represents an improvement over inpatient robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (I-RARP). This meta-analysis sought to compare the surgical outcomes between O-RARP and I-RARP.MethodsFor relevant articles, three electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched from their inception until April 30, 2022. A meta-analysis has been reported in line with PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR guidelines. The risk ratio (RR) and weighted mean difference (MD) were applied for the comparison of dichotomous and continuous variables with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Resultsof the 297 retrieved abstracts, 12 underwent full-text review, and 11 studies were included in the final analysis, comprising a total cohort of 2,875 cases of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (892 O-RARP cases and 1,983 I-RARP cases). Compared to I-RARP, the O-RARP group had lower mean operative time (MD = -9.4 minutes, 95% CI -15.1 to -3.7, P = 0.001), fewer overall postoperative complications (RR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.92, P = 0.017), shorter hospital stay (MD = -22.9 hours, 95% CI -26.0 to -19.7, P ≤ 0.001), and lower postoperative opioid requirements (RR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.71, P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in other outcomes, including: estimated blood loss, postoperative pain score, unscheduled visits after surgery, positive surgical margins, biochemical recurrence, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) after surgery, or three- and six-month continence rates.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis demonstrates that O-RARP is a safe and feasible option for patients undergoing surgery for localized prostate cancer. Further studies are needed to better evaluate optimal patient selection, associated healthcare costs, and patient-reported outcomes
Racialization processes and depressive symptoms among pregnant Mexican‐origin immigrant women
Get PDFThis study examines how racialization processes (conceptualized as multilevel and dynamic processes) shape prenatal mental health by testing the association of discrimination and the John Henryism hypothesis on depressive symptoms for pregnant Mexican-origin immigrant women. We analyzed baseline data (n = 218) from a healthy lifestyle intervention for pregnant Latinas in Detroit, Michigan. Using separate multiple linear regression models, we examined the independent and joint associations of discrimination and John Henryism with depressive symptoms and effect modification by socioeconomic position. Discrimination was positively associated with depressive symptoms (β = 2.84; p < .001) when adjusting for covariates. This association did not vary by socioeconomic position. Women primarily attributed discrimination to language use, racial background, and nativity. We did not find support for the John Henryism hypothesis, meaning that the hypothesized association between John Henryism and depressive symptoms did not vary by socioeconomic position. Examinations of joint associations of discrimination and John Henryism on depressive symptoms indicate a positive association between discrimination and depressive symptoms (β = 2.81; p < .001) and no association of John Henryism and depressive symptoms (β = -0.83; p > .05). Results suggest complex pathways by which racialization processes affect health and highlight the importance of considering experiences of race, class, and gender within racialization processes
Prospective Associations Between Stressors and Alcohol Use From Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood in Mexican-Origin Youth in the United States
Get PDFStressors experienced across multiple domains (e.g., family and peers) may contribute to alcohol use trajectories; however, little is known about the longitudinal links between stressors and alcohol use among Latinx youth. Guided by prior work on stressors and alcohol use, the present study used longitudinal data to examine whether Mexican-origin adolescents' (N = 674; 50% female; 28% Mexico born; 72% U.S. born) experiences of family and peer stressors across early to middle adolescence (Mage = 10.86, SDage = 0.51) predicted trajectories of alcohol use frequency and binge drinking from middle adolescence to young adulthood (Mage = 23.17, SDage = 0.59). Using two strategies for modeling stressors, we report results that showed more support for stressors across early adolescence as predictors of alcohol use trajectories when stressors were modeled as growth trajectories versus modeled as distal and proximal stressors. Findings underscore the need to consider strategies to attenuate the longitudinal links between stressors and alcohol use among Mexican-origin youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)
Trust and Taxes: Public Perceptions of Property Tax Legitimacy in Urban Mexico
Get PDFProperty taxes are the primary own source of revenue for local governments, enabling them to provide services and infrastructure that better respond to the needs of urban residents. Yet, this tax is highly unpopular. Weak public support for property taxes erodes the political will of government officials to update cadaster bases and apply measures that motivate compliance. This ultimately weakens revenue and the ability of local governments to invest in urban infrastructure and services. The result is a negative feedback loop in which inadequate service provision erodes the trust of urban residents and further escalates the political costs of property tax increases.This dissertation explores the factors that contribute to the weak public support for this tax. Using the case of Mexican cities, it investigates the specific challenges of property tax collection in contexts where there is low trust in local government. Across three essays, the dissertation addresses the questions: What influences support for property taxation? How do public perceptions of local government influence support or opposition for this tax?The first essay uses a conjoint experiment in large Mexican municipalities to study the multidimensional character of property taxes. It examines how urban residents’ expectations of benefits, and the appropriate use of funds influence their support for more accountable property tax policy. The second essay examines how the challenges to accurately assess property value in Mexico City create vertical and horizontal inequities in property assessments and property taxes. It draws on an experimental field survey to investigate how the presence of inequities undermines the perceived legitimacy of property taxes. The third essay examines the use of property taxation as a tool that both limits and constitutes property rights. This study focuses on how urban residents perceive instruments that constrain the full exercise of property rights and the factors that influence this. The dissertation finds through these three essays that property taxes reflect a relationship between urban residents and local government, which is largely defined by trust in local government and perceptions of fairness
Inequalities for connectivity events in Bernoulli percolation
Get PDFThis thesis consists of six chapters based on papers on probabilities events in percolationtheory.
• Chapter 1 is based on paper [GP24] written with Igor Pak. There we study colored
percolation, a generalization of the classical percolation model.
• Chapter 2 is based on paper [GZ24] written with Aleksandr Zimin. There we show
that bond percolation does not simulate site percolation.
• Chapter 3 is based on paper [G24]. There we study percolation inequalities and decision
trees.
• Chapter 4 is based on paper [GPZ24] with Igor Pak and Aleksandr Zimin. There we
disprove the bunkbed conjecture. The appendix proves the bunkbed conjecture for the
case of 2 transversal vertices and wasn’t published before.
• Chapter 5 is based on an unpublished manuscript written with Aleksandr Zimin. There
we prove multiple inequalities of the form similar to the Harris–Kleitman inequality.
This work generalizes and supercedes a previous paper [G24b] by the author.
• Chapter 6 contains an unpublished result related to the main body of work in the
thesi
Hypoxia‐activated fluorescent probes as markers of oxygen levels in plant cells and tissues
No full textLow oxygen signalling in plants is important in development and stress responses. Measurement of oxygen levels in plant cells and tissues is hampered by a lack of chemical tools with which to reliably detect and quantify endogenous oxygen availability. We have exploited hypoxia-activated fluorescent probes to visualise low oxygen (hypoxia) in plant cells and tissues. We applied 4-nitrobenzyl (4NB-) resorufin and methyl-indolequinone (MeIQ-) resorufin to Arabidopsis thaliana whole cells and seedlings exposed to hypoxia (1% O2) and normoxia (21% O2). Confocal microscopy and fluorescence intensity measurements were used to visualise regions of resorufin fluorescence. Both probes enter A. thaliana whole cells and are activated to fluoresce selectively in hypoxic conditions. Similarly, incubation with A. thaliana seedlings resulted in hypoxia-dependent activation of both probes and observation of fluorescence in hypoxic roots and leaf tissue. MeIQ-Resorufin was used to visualise endogenous hypoxia in lateral root primordia of normoxic A. thaliana seedlings. Oxygen measurement in plants until now has relied on invasive probes or genetic manipulation. The use of these chemical probes to detect and stain applied and endogenous hypoxia has the potential to facilitate a greater understanding of oxygen concentrations in plant cells and tissues, allowing the correlation of oxygen availability with acclimative and developmental responses to hypoxia