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Evaluation of an Amino Acid Based Alternative Curing System on the Physiochemical and Shelf-Life Attributes of Beef Frankfurters
Get PDFSodium nitrite is vital to develop the color and flavor and enhance the shelf life of processed meat products. Consumer demand for natural and organic products has increased due to concerns about the health risks associated with the addition of synthetic additives (i.e., sodium nitrite). Currently, no effective single replacement ingredient possessing the functional properties of sodium nitrite has been identified. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an amino acid-based alternative curing system compared to a conventional curing system (direct addition of sodium nitrite). This research addresses the safety and quality attributes of a novel ���no sodium nitrite��� meat curing system. Beef frankfurters containing 156 ppm sodium nitrite (conventional curing) and beef frankfurters manufactured with three concentrations of the semi-essential amino acid L-arginine (3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm) were evaluated for physiochemical properties such as proximate composition, pH, water activity, residual nitrite, internal and external color and the shelf life attributes of lipid oxidation, and aerobic plate counts over a 56-day refrigerated storage period. A concentration x day interaction (p<0.001) was observed for residual nitrite values. Treatment frankfurters were lower in residual nitrite than the control across all concentrations and storage days through day 14 of storage. Treatments franks tended to be higher in residual nitrite at days 28 and 56. A concentration x day interaction (p<0.05) was also observed for lipid oxidation as indicated by TBARS values. Treatment frankfurters tended to be higher than the control throughout the 56 day storage period but TBARS value differences tended to decrease as the length of storage increased. All treatment and control frankfurters were less than 1.0 at day 56. A concentration x day effect was observed for total aerobic plate counts. Microbial growth was similar for treatment and control frankfurters through day 28 of refrigerated storage. On day 56, treatment frankfurters tended to be 0.5 to 1.0 log CFU/g higher than the sodium nitrite control. Internal product color means were also influenced by a concentration x day interaction. L* and b* value differences ranged from 2-3 values between treatment and control frankfurters through 56 days of storage. However, internal a* values were approximately 50% less intense than the sodium nitrite control franks for all storage days. The results from this study indicate that L-arginine can be used as a substrate to activate the nitric oxide synthase system to generate residual nitrite and nitric oxide in a similar fashion to conventionally cured (sodium nitrite) in beef frankfurters. The potential exists for an L-arginine to be used as an alternative to sodium nitrite as an alternative curing system for processed meat products
Black Fire authors
No full textBKAM, Full DALA (Database of African American and Predominantly White American Literature Anthologies) corpus, Author Page Count, as a count normalized, zoom.Referenced in Chapter 4 of the book, "Digital Literary Redlining: African American Anthologies, Digital Humanities, and the Canon.
A Framework for Assessing the Resilience of Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen Symbiosis Networks
No full textIndustrial symbiosis, characterized by mutualistic exchanges among geographically close industrial facilities, stands out as a potent approach toward sustainable development. While these mutually beneficial interactions can maximize productivity, profitability, and environmental sustainability, they also introduce an element of fragility. This fragility stems from the internal and external interdependencies of the industrial symbiosis network, rendering them susceptible to potential disruptions. In light of this, the resilience of eco-industrial parks (EIP) stands out as a critical area of study. This thesis reviews the literature on resilience within network and industrial symbiosis contexts. Subsequently, a framework is introduced, leveraging network theory to determine the resilience of eco-industrial parks. The framework primarily revolves around a propagation model formulated to foresee the sequential impacts of disruptions originating from one facility to its directly linked (dependent) facilities. The utility of this framework is confirmed through its application to a synthesized Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen SYmbiosis Network (CHOSYN)���a novel model of EIPs focusing on the distribution of hydrocarbon-based streams across involved industrial plants. Central to this research is the assessment of CHOSYN���s resilience and identifying critical facilities and pathways. Following the framework���s application to a synthesized CHOSYN and a subsequent comparison of two implementations, the ethylene production plant was identified as the critical facility, while the ethylene production plant���s main feed supply was identified as the critical pathway. The two implementations showed comparable resilience values, and the study indicated that networks with timely to moderate response times after disruptions can mitigate more substantial revenue losses
