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Қазақстандағы мұғалімдердің мәртебесін арттырудағы 2019 жылғы білім беру реформаларының тиімділігін бағалау
No full textThis research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of state programs, introduced after 2019, that were implemented to increase teachers’ status in Kazakhstan. Using UNESCO's recommended definition of teachers’ status as an indicator of value and appreciation that teachers receive in society, we then analyze 5 main factors that influence it: level of autonomy, amount of compensation, workload, opportunities for professional growth and entry requirements in the field. Through a comprehensive survey of more than 2 thousands teachers from all across Kazakhstan, we were able to identify teachers’ perception of these factors and their effect on status, gaining valuable insight into their view on state reforms. Even though teachers generally approved of the reforms, especially for increasing the monetary compensation, many mentioned that state efforts have been futile in other directions. Additional interviews with individuals in the field of education gave a ‘voice’ to teachers’ responses, providing us with a conceptual understanding of survey results and detailed information on their opinions. This research has significant implications for policy-makers who can use our findings to evaluate the effectiveness of said state programs and use them for future policy considerations
DESIGN OF AN INDUSTRIAL PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METHANOL IN KAZAKHSTAN
No full textThis project is dedicated to the design of an industrial plant of methanol from syngas in Kazakhstan in 2027. The projected production rate of Grade AA methanol was calculated to be 200 kT/year. The location and layout of the industrial plant were determined based on the availability of raw materials, potential customers, labor, and transport facilities. The location of the chemical plant was chosen to be in the Atyrau region, a special economic zone “National Industrial Petrochemical Technopark”. For thorough analysis, Aspen PLUS software was utilized to simulate the production process.
For this project, the Lurgi methanol production process was selected. According to the process flow, the syngas is pretreated to achieve the required composition of 2% CO2, 28.27% CO, 66.96% H2, 0.79% H2O, and 1.98% N2 on a molar basis. Prior to entering the reactor, the syngas is compressed from 1 bar to 75 bar in a multistage compressor system with intercoolers. The methanol synthesis occurs in a fixed-bed multi-tubular reactor with heat exchange, using boiling feed water as a coolant. The catalyst employed is Katalco 51-102 (Cu/ZnO/Al2O3) with a composition of 62/32/6 by Johnson Matthey. After leaving the reactor, the product enters the system of heat exchangers to reduce the temperature 25℃. The mixture is then fed to the high-pressure flash tank, where the unconverted gasses and crude methanol are flashed before being distilled. Finally, the distillation system purifies the methanol to achieve the content of 99.85% (Grade AA).
According to the NFPA 704 (National Fire Prevention Association) standard hazard rating system, the chemicals involved in the process exhibit high flammability, posing a potential fire hazard, while showing stability with no reactivity concerns under standard conditions. The daily carbon dioxide gas emissions may reach about 120,000 kilograms, which is caused by the combustion of methanol and carbon monoxide in a flare.
Regarding the project cost, the fixed capital investment for the plant, considering equipment costs, installation, and location factors resulted in 0.22 million. Furthermore, consumable costs, primarily attributed to the catalyst, were estimated at 1 million annually. Annual sales revenue from methanol production was projected at 59.2 million, and 24.6%, respectively, over a 15-year period. The payback period for the project was calculated at 6 years, indicating a relatively quick return on investment. The economic analysis demonstrates that the project is financially viable. Despite the substantial initial investment, the projected returns, along with favorable financial metrics, suggest a promising opportunity for investors.
The future improvements include optimization of the process by improving the energy consumption, environmental considerations, and on-site production of syngas. The process design can be enhanced by setting minimum energy requirement (MER) targets, resulting in reduced exhaust steam emissions and lower utility consumption. This, in turn, will lead to decreased operating costs. Given the significant carbon dioxide emissions from the plant, it is imperative to implement carbon capture technology. Producing syngas through steam reforming on-site will reduce transportation costs associated with procuring materials from external suppliers, leading to significant cost savings and tighter integration and optimization of the production process
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF TERRESTRIAL-SATELLITE NETWORKS
No full textThis research explores statistical models in mobile communication, particularly Location Management System (LMS) models, offering insights into predicting mobile station locations within cellular frameworks. Through meticulous simulations, it demonstrates the effectiveness of these models in real-world scenarios. Additionally, the study delves into broader communication performance metrics, showing how elevation angle impacts line-of-sight communication, SNR, latency, and channel capacity. It highlights the importance of optimizing elevation angles for efficient communication, paving the way for enhanced design and operation of mobile communication systems
“AUTISMSPEAKS: CREATION OF A DIGITAL PECS APP”
No full textPeople diagnosed with Autism spectrum disorder or ASD face issues with social interaction due to their limited abilities to communicate. This is a problem because ASD patients may be developed according to their age, but have poor social and emotional capabilities that restrict their opportunity to interact with society. Therefore, various communication strategies are used. For example, Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a methodology created in order to promote communication of ASD patients, develop speech and their ability to share feelings and needs. It is based on the usage of physical cards with images to construct sentences. However, there are several limitations. Physical cards have only a text name of image and a lack of spoken words or audible response hinders the learning of language and speech. Furthermore, traditional PECS has physical limitations in terms of the amount of cards that can be carried by patients. Such issues can be solved by the creation of digital PECS in a form of mobile application with a broad image library and Text-to-Speech (TTS) system. PECS and related applications have already been created. However, they do not support Kazakh language and can not be accessed through various types of devices, and this causes inconvenience for users. In addition, the existing applications use illustrations for cards, while using realistic images seems to be more efficient in learning. Therefore, our aim is to consider the issues mentioned above and to develop a multi-user PECS application with a library of actual images in three languages
UNDERSTANDING UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT PROBATION: A MIXED-METHOD INVESTIGATION OF CONTRIBUTING FACTORS AT ONE UNIVERSITY IN KAZAKHSTAN
No full textStudent retention is a pressing issue in universities worldwide, yet little is known about why students leave universities in Kazakhstan and what measures universities are taking to mitigate the problem. This issue has serious implications for the socio-economic development of Kazakhstan and results in substantial financial losses within the higher education sector. The primary motivation for this study is to understand the underlying reasons why students encounter difficulties in completing their degrees. Therefore, the purpose of this explanatory sequential design study is to address this gap and provide insights for higher education institutions in Kazakhstan.
The study was conducted at one of the largest universities in Kazakhstan. An anonymized dataset comprising over 7,000 unique student records was analyzed to determine the impact of sociodemographic characteristics and secondary-level academic experiences on postsecondary academic performance, specifically university GPA and instances of academic probation. Additionally, eight administrators or staff members were interviewed to gain insights into their perceptions of the factors that influence academic performance at this institution and to assess whether they believe the university offers adequate student support. Finally, a focus group interview with six undergraduate students reveals student perspectives on contributing factors. The study reveals the impact of various sociodemographic factors, academic preparation, and organizational context of the institution contributing to academic probation. As a result, the institutional retention strategy at the examined university is assessed and recommendations for improvement are provided
DESIGN OF OPTICAL FIBER BIOSENSORS AIMED AT VIRAL PROTEIN DETECTION
No full textThe recent pandemic situation around
the globe has exposed limitations in
traditional virus detection methods,
characterized by sluggishness and low
sensitivity. This project proposes optical
fiber biosensors for viral protein
detection to overcome these challenges.
The design process is based on
using the optic fiber sensors and testing
their sensitivity abilities in different
mediums. In theory, these biosensors
offer high sensitivity, specificity,
and real-time capabilities, combining
nanotechnology, biotechnology, and
optical engineering. Testing will validate
their performance in real-world
applications. This innovation promises
faster, more accurate virus detection,
impacting healthcare, food safety, and
environmental monitoring. Therefore,
the primary purpose of this paper is to
propose the design of optic fiber sensors
for the detection of viral viruses
YOUTH ASPIRATIONS AND STUDY ABROAD INTENT: FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SELECTION OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION AMONG 11TH-GRADE STUDENTS
No full textThe study seeks to explore the factors that influence the decision-making process of eleventh-grade students in mainstream public schools in Western Kazakhstan when choosing international education. This is a timely topic of importance, as the number of eleventh-grade students leaving overseas is growing yearly. Moreover, having gained national independence, Kazakhstan has undertaken some significant educational reforms that have led to an increase in the number of higher education students going abroad to study.
The study focuses on understanding the motivations, preferences, and considerations that shape students’ decisions to pursue an international education. By exploring these factors, educators and policymakers can gain valuable insights into students’ needs and tailor their educational offerings accordingly. The research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, incorporating online surveys and individual interviews to gather comprehensive data. The findings will contribute to enhancing the educational opportunities and support systems available to students in Western Kazakhstan. In the quantitative part, data from a survey with 94 participants, including demographic information and questions related to factors influencing decision-making, is presented. The survey focused on aspects such as the influence of family, community, culture, and society on students' decisions. The qualitative analysis involved interviews with four participants selected voluntarily from those whose parents agreed to participate. These interviews explored participants' motivations, aspirations, socio-economic backgrounds, cultural influences, and language considerations in their pursuit of international education. Overall, the findings underscore the complex interplay of personal, familial, socio-economic, cultural, and linguistic factors in shaping students' decisions to pursue international education
APPLICATION OF NATURAL POLYMER IN ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
No full textWith the recent intereset in the chemical EOR application, polymer flooding projects are revieving more attention. However, currently polymer injection may lead to serious environmental problems in the future due to their synthetic nature. The following thesis work evaluates the application of three natural polymers of Xanthan gum, Welan gum, and Beta Vulgaris for EOR application. General workflow consists of polymer screening, FTIR and SEM characterization, rheological analysis under elevated temperature and salinity conditions and core flooding experiments. FTIR and SEM characterization have shown major hydroxyl functional groups related to saccharide rings confirming nature of the polymers. Rheoligcal studies showed that Xnathan gum is more tolerant to temperature and salinity changes. Welan gum is highly tolerant to temperature changes and tend to loose rheological properties at elevated salinity ranges. Beta Vulgaris rheology have shown poor results on both salinity and temperature. Core flooding results showed that recovery factor increase from Xanthan gum injection is around 30% after waterflooding. Welan gum and Beta Vulgaris showed lower results of 15% and 10% addition oil recovered. Overal, natural polymers are considered as a more sustainable and eco-friendly option compared to the standard synthetic polymers. This research supports an EOR strategy aimed at reducing environmental impact of polymer floodin
MMWAVE PATH LOSS MODELING FOR 5G APPLICATIONS
No full textThis thesis examines the performance of outdoor communication systems, with special
emphasis on the effects of adverse weather conditions like snowstorm, frequency bands, and
modulation techniques Using Path Loss modeling through simulation and hardware
experiments, thus this work provides a comprehensive insight into communicating mmWave's
power challenges and capabilities in the field.
Findings from the path loss simulator within the Nazarbayev University (NU) campus
territory highlight the importance of carrier frequency selection and modulation order in
outdoor communication systems. Frequencies from higher bands cover less area due to higher
path loss, which underlines the importance of frequency band selection. It is revealed that
modulation order influences coverage area within line-of-sight (LOS) zones as well. Hence,
those lower orders give more coverage and higher orders enable greater bandwidth efficiency.
Recommendations on modulation techniques can be based on geographical considerations and
the density and activity levels of users. In this regard, QPSK modulation can be preferred for
harsh environments and long distances, and orders higher are appropriate for high data rate
transmission in densely populated areas.
Hardware experiments in the 60 GHz mmWave channel are handled in indoor and
outdoor environments during snowfall and windy weather. The received power is measured at
different transmitter – receiver (T – R) distances and path loss results demonstrate similar to
logarithmic growth for indoor and outdoor environments, yet the growth resembles
exponential growth for distances larger than 7 meters in outdoor snowstorm circumstances.
Outdoor path loss suffers more signal attenuation, which is conditioned by snow
accumulation on antenna surface and the snowstorm environment itself. The path loss exponent (PLE) values discovered during experiments constitued 4.12 for outdoor snowstorm
conditions and 2.77 for indoor lab environment.
Repeated simulations using the obtained path loss parameters, i.e., PLE and shadow
fading standard deviation inherent to snowy weather conditions illustrates considerable losses
in coverage compared to the initial theoretical simulations. The work underscores the
impracticality of the assumption that solely using base stations as uniform circular antenna
arrays with omnidirectional transmission capabilites may be sufficient for the mmWave
channels at 60 GHz to maintain proper power coverage in outdoor environment, especially
during during snowstorms. Hence, initiatives like relay base stations and beamforming
technology can be extremely useful in improving network resilience and robustness.
Future extension of the work would include the following directions: improving base
station designs from uniformly omnidirectional to circular sectorized cells; updating the
digital NU campus map from 2D to 3D for more realistic and accurate simulations, and
investigating advanced antenna placement strategies to shelter them from snowfall moisture
without interfering their radiation pattern. Subsequent research should look on network traffic
analysis to determine placement spots for the base stations and the needed number of them to
effectively satisfy the user traffic demand under different modulation modes. Furthermore, to
minimize the positive bias of the coverage results and to make them more realistic and useful,
the campus map requires the integration of the building heights, so that the T – R distance
parameter considers 3D T – R distance rather than 2D approximation
HEARTUP: DIAGNOSING AND MONITORING HEART FAILURE WITH MULTI-MODAL DATA
No full textThis paper presents HeartUp, an innovative cardiology management system designed to enhance the diagnosis
and monitoring of heart failure (HF) conditions, which currently
affect 26 million patients worldwide. Heart failure management is
often hindered by delayed treatment and insufficient monitoring
despite the availability of extensive patient data, leading to severe
and sometimes fatal outcomes. HeartUp addresses these challenges by integrating and processing various forms of essential
cardiac diagnostic data, including medical forms, heart sound
recordings, and electrocardiograms (ECG). The system also
evaluates the feasibility of using left ventricular assisting devices
(LVADs) for individual patients. LVADs, although beneficial for
regulating blood flow, are hampered by high manufacturing and
maintenance costs, making their widespread use problematic.
HeartUp’s comprehensive management solution leverages multimodal data inputs—such as audio, echocardiography, imaging, and laboratory analyses—to provide cardiologists with a
robust tool for assessing patient conditions and making informed decisions regarding the viability of LVAD deployment.
By streamlining the storage, processing, and reporting of cardiac
health data, HeartUp aims to improve the quality of care and
patient outcomes in cardiology by facilitating timely and accurate
treatment interventions