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Support and Empowerment for Older Adult Spousal Caregiving of People with Mild and Moderate Dementia: A participatory Action Research
No full text[[abstract]]Background: Little attention has been given to the older adult caregivers of spouses with mild and moderate dementia in the caring dynamics process. The aim of this action research was to develop a program for providing support and empowerment to older adult caregivers of spouses with mild and moderate dementia in the community.
Methods: The researchers acted as facilitators, with a view to empowering participants. We recruited participants from a day-care center and two community service stations. Data were collected with semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 19 dementia care dyads and from the notes, reflections, and feedback of collaborative researchers. Relevant themes for content analysis were extracted.
Results: Three action cycles were completed over 18 months. The results revealed goals of three cycles: to connect the home situation and effective dialogue as a bridge to the researcher, to confirm the daily needs or expectations of the caregiver and the patient, and to enhance the interactions and quality of life of family members with resources and network. This process was cyclical and repetitive, and it also generated partnerships that built relationships among the interdisciplinary team, families, and researchers. At the same time, team workers formed a cooperative and coordinated family service mechanism to reflect the professional values and practice capabilities.
Conclusions: The intervention program was based on the promotion of factors for the caregiver, linking to environmental protective factors, and the stabilization of mental and neurological symptoms of dementia patients, thereby enhancing the response capabilities of home caregivers while meeting the patient's care needs in life. It is a tool that can effectively be used for support and empowerment in this population
Socially assistive robots for people living with dementia in long-term facilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
No full text[[abstract]]Background and objective: The purpose of our study was to explore the immediate and long-term effects of socially assistive robots (SARs) on neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs), behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), positive emotional experiences, and social interaction in older people living with dementia.
Methods: We set keywords and used Boolean operators to search the CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, IEEE Digital Library, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Chinese Electronic Periodical Service from inception to February 2022 for randomized controlled trials. The Cochrane Collaboration bias assessment tool was used to assess article quality, and RevMan 5.4.1 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis.
Results: A total of 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. SARs can help people living with dementia reduce their NPS of depression and anxiety, provide happiness from positive emotional experiences, and improve their social interaction through conversation. However, there was no significant improvement in agitation behavior, overall BPSD, or quality of life in people living with dementia. In follow-up, it was found that the effect of SRT was limited.
Conclusion: SARs can reduce depression and increase positive emotions in people living with dementia. They may also reduce the burden on healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was registered on PROSPERO CRD42020169340
Milestones of Implementing Gender-Friendly Environments: A Case Study of Sexual Harassment Incidents faced by Nurses
No full text[[abstract]]性別平等在健康照護場域扮演著重要的關鍵地位，法律政策亦為建構性別友善環境的必要基礎，特別是在保障人權和維護社會公平、正義的價值。本文以一起發生於2017年，當時護理師在面對網路敵意環境性騷擾的事件為例，透過對該事件的申訴、訴願、訴訟程序，突顯網路敵意環境的性騷擾問題之複雜性，並積極捍衛與維護護理尊嚴的行動，我們絕對維護專業尊嚴也強列主張性騷擾零容忍之態度。最後，文末提出了在性騷擾事件發生時，針對被行為人、行為人、領導階層和一般大眾的防治建議，並鼓勵個人在職場上遇到不法危害事件時，需與護理相關公會和學會合作，共同打造性別友善的健康照護環境
Creative Theory in Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, Alternative Teaching Model, and a New Breakthrough in Psychiatric Home Care Nursing
No full textThe depressive symptoms, resourcefulness, and self-harm behaviors of adolescents
No full text[[abstract]]Background: A report published by the World Health Organization indicates that depression typically first manifests during youth. However, adolescents usually lack the capacity for self-help or to seek help proactively from health professionals or other related resources to relieve their emotional distress. Failing to manage depression appropriately places adolescents at risk for self-harm and suicide.
Purpose: This study explored the correlations among the depressivesymptoms, resourcefulness, and self-harm behaviors of adolescents. In addition, the impact of depressive symptoms and resourcefulness on the self-harm behaviors of adolescents was examined.
Methods: A cross-sectional and correlational design was used. One hundred forty secondary school (junior and senior high school) students in southern Taiwan were recruited for data collection using three questionnaires that measured, respectively, their depressivesymptoms, resourcefulness, and self-harm behaviors.
Results: Depressive symptoms and self-harm behaviors correlated significantly and positively (r = .79, p < .001). Resourcefulness correlated significantly and negatively with both depressive symptoms (r = -.35, p < .001) and self-harm behaviors (r = -.29, p < .001). Finally, depressive symptoms significantly predicted self-harm behaviors.
Conclusions/implications for practice: This study provides new findings regarding the significant relationship between resourcefulness and self-harm behaviors in adolescents. Future research is suggested to explore the effect of interventions about resourcefulness training on the mental health of adolescents
Alcohol Consumption after the Recognition of Pregnancy and Correlated Factors among Indigenous Pregnant Women in Taiwan
No full text[[abstract]]To examine the rates and factors associated with alcohol consumption after the recognition of pregnancy among indigenous pregnant women, as well as the rates and factors associated with continuing alcohol consumption after the recognition of pregnancy among indigenous pregnant women who drank alcohol before the recognition of pregnancy in 10 hospitals in southern and eastern Taiwan. A total of 806 indigenous women who had just given birth in 10 hospitals in southern and eastern Taiwan were recruited. They were interviewed to collect their substance use information, demographic characteristics, psychological health status, history of physical abuse, and pregnancy history. The rates of alcohol consumption after the recognition of pregnancy in all indigenous pregnant women and the rates of continuing alcohol consumption after the recognition of pregnancy among those who drank alcohol before the recognition of pregnancy were calculated. The factors relating to alcohol consumption and continuing alcohol consumption after the recognition of pregnancy were examined using logistic regression analyses. The results of this study found that 26.6% of indigenous pregnant women drank alcohol at any stage after the recognition of pregnancy, and 52.5% of indigenous pregnant women who drank alcohol before the recognition of pregnancy persisted in drinking alcohol after the recognition of pregnancy. Multiple parities, smoking or chewing betel quid after the recognition of pregnancy, and a higher frequency of drinking alcohol before the recognition of pregnancy were significantly associated with alcohol consumption and continuing alcohol consumption after the recognition of pregnancy. Meanwhile, being single or divorced, and intimate partner violence after the recognition of pregnancy were significantly associated with alcohol consumption after the recognition of pregnancy. High prevalence rates of alcohol consumption and continuing alcohol consumption after the recognition of pregnancy were found among indigenous pregnant women in Taiwan. Early detection of alcohol consumption and effective intervention for alcohol consumption during pregnancy are needed
Mental Health Implications of Music: Insight from Neuroscientific and Clinical Studies
No full text[[abstract]]Neuroscientific and clinical studies of music over the past two decades have substantially increased our understanding of its use as a means of therapy. The authors briefly review current literature related to music's effect on people with different mental illnesses, and examine several neurobiological theories that may explain its effectiveness or lack thereof in treating psychiatric disorders. Neuroscientific studies have shown music to be an agent capable of influencing complex neurobiological processes in the brain and suggest that it can potentially play an important role in treatment. Clinical studies provide some evidence that music therapy can be used as an alternative therapy in treating depression, autism, schizophrenia, and dementia, as well as problems of agitation, anxiety, sleeplessness, and substance misuse, though whether it can actually replace other modes of treatment remains undetermined. Future research should include translational studies involving both neuroscience and clinical medicine that investigate the long-term effects of music intervention and that lead to the development of new strategies for music therapy
Music and Restraint: Emotional Control Effects on Psychiatric Patients Kept in Seclusion
No full text[[abstract]]Background: In psychiatric acute care settings, patients with severe psychotic symptoms commonly exhibit violent behaviors due to uncontrolled emotions. Seclusion and restraint are widely used to protect and calm such patients as well as to save others from harm. However, few studies have shown the efficacy of restraint on emotional control of psychiatric patients. The use of restraint may easily disrupt the therapeutic rapport between psychiatric nurses and the patient. Previous studies suggest that music therapy can help psychotics manage their own agitated emotions and violent behaviors. Few studies have, however, researched the possible effects of music on psychotic patients restrained in a seclusion room. Purpose: This study compared the effects and differences of music and restraint on psychiatric patients' emotional control in a seclusion room in a psychiatric acute setting. Methods: An experimental research design was used. The duration of study intervention was from April to November, 2007. Psychiatric patients who were restrained in a seclusion room were recruited and randomly assigned to one experimental and one control group. Each group consisted of 28 subjects. The experimental group completed the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS) before and after a 30-minute music intervention to evaluate emotional status. In addition, subject physical condition, such as breathing, pulse rate, and blood pressure, were also examined before and after music intervention. The control group received no music intervention and experienced only an equivalent 30-minute period of restraint and seclusion. Results: Music intervention was found to reduce significantly the anxiety (F=18.75, p＜.001) and hostility (F=13.56, p＜.001) of patients isolated in a seclusion room; the anxiety (F=16.81, p＜.001) and hostility (F=14.66, p＜.001) of patients who were simply restrained also changed significantly. Results indicate that both restraint and music intervention may be effective in controlling the impulse and aggressive emotions of psychiatric patients. Furthermore, music was found to have a more prolonged effect than restraint on emotional control in psychiatric patients. Implications: Findings may be used to guide future research on this topic and to shape emotion-control interventions in psychiatric wards
Role of p21 as A Determinant of 1,6-Bis[4-(4-amino-3- hydroxyphenoxy)phenyl]diamantane Response in Human HCT-116 Colon Carcinoma Cells
No full text[[abstract]]1,6-Bis[4-(4-amino-3-hydroxyphenoxy)phenyl]diamantane (DPD) induces growth inhibition in human cancer cells. In our previous study, we discovered that DPD irreversibly inhibits the growth of Colo 205 colon cancer cells at the G0/G1 phase and induces cell differentiation. However, the detailed mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we examined the functional importance of p21 and p53 in DPD-induced anticancer effects. We used three isogenic cell lines, HCT-116, HCT-116 p53-/- and HCT-116 p21-/-, to evaluate the roles of p21 and p53 in the in vitro anticancer effects of DPD. The in vivo anti-proliferative effect of DPD was demonstrated by HCT-116 and HCT-116 p21-/- xenograft models. DPD significantly inhibited the growth as well as increased the number of HCT-116 cells in the G0/G1 phase, but not in HCT-116 p53-/- and HCT-116 p21-/- cells examined by flow cytometry. Additionally, western blot analysis showed that DPD treatment induced p21, but not p53 protein expression in HCT-116 cells. The p21-associated cell cycle regulated proteins, such as cyclin D, CDK4 and pRb were decreased after DPD treatment in HCT-116 cells. The DPD-increased G0/G1 phase and induced cell cycle regulated protein expression were not observed in HCT-116 p21-/- and HCT-116 p53-/- cells. DPD decreased cell migration in HCT-116 and HCT-116 p53-/- but not in HCT-116 p21-/- cells. p21 was required for the DPD-induced in vitro anti-colon cancer effect. The in vivo study also showed that DPD significantly inhibited tumor growth through p21 signaling. Our results clearly demonstrate that DPD-induced in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects through the activation of p21 in HCT-116 cells
Efficacy of acupuncture in children with asthma: a systematic review
No full text[[abstract]]Background: We performed a systematic review of the efficacy of various types of acupuncture in the treatment of asthma in children.
Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to October 20, 2014. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of children and adolescents (<18 years of age) with asthma were included. Data extraction was applied, and methodologic quality was assessed.
Results: A total of 32 articles were assessed for eligibility, and seven studies comprising 410 patients were included in the systematic review. Two RCTs showed significant improvement in peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability for acupuncture (traditional and laser) vs. control, with one showing significant improvement in asthma-specific anxiety level, but no significant differences in other lung function parameters or quality of life. Another RCT reported significant benefits of laser acupuncture on lung function parameters but did not describe or report statistical analyses. One crossover RCT showed significant improvements in response to both acupuncture and placebo acupuncture, with better improvements with acupuncture compared to placebo acupuncture (forced exhaled volume in 1 s [FEV1], PEF). Two additional crossover RCTs showed no significant differences between single sessions of laser acupuncture and placebo acupuncture on baseline, postacupuncture, and postinduced bronchoconstriction values (% predicted FEV1, maximum expiratory flow). A recent study showed a significant effect of acupuncture paired with acupressure on medication use and symptoms in preschool-age children. Methodologic and reporting variability remains an issue. However, the results suggest that acupuncture may have a beneficial effect on PEF or PEF variability in children with asthma.
Conclusions: The efficacy of acupuncture on other outcome measures is unclear. Large-scale RCTs are needed to further assess the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of asthma in children