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The Management Effectiveness Evaluation of Menghuan Pond Ecological Protected Area (Wetland of Importance) in Yangmingshan National Park, Taiwan
No full text[[abstract]]夢幻湖是陽明山國家公園最小的生態保護區，也是三座中唯一未經效能評量者。然因其為國家級重要濕地，有保育利用計畫可作為經營管理的策略架構與現場指南。以其為本，本研究運用經營管理效能追蹤工具（Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool簡稱METT），自2019年12月至次年1月，採用文獻回顧、訪談及參與式工作坊，評量其經營管理效能。評量結果建議夢幻湖生態保護區明確以保護臺灣水韭及其棲息之濕地生態系與湖泊景觀為主要經營管理目標。威脅壓力著重侵蝕與淤積／沉澱，餘皆屬輕微。評量總分0.73，經營管理效能屬優良。未來或宜加強在地社區、經濟利益、及碳捕捉的考量。建議國家公園計畫增列生態保護區的價值目標定位與工作項目的闡述，及與重要濕地經營管理的協調呼應，定期進行經營管理效能評量。
Menghuan Pond is the smallest and the only one of the three Ecological Protected Areas in Yangmingshan National Park, Taiwan, that hasn't undergone management effectiveness evaluation. It was also designated Wetland of National Importance with a Conservation Utilization Plan, which can serve as a reference for strategic framework and guideline of on-site work. In this study, Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) was applied and literature review, interview, and participatory workshop (focus group) were conducted from December 2019 to January 2020 to evaluate the management effectiveness of this Ecological Protected Area. The evaluation results suggest that the main management objectives should focus clearly on protecting the Taiwan Quillwort and the wetland ecosystem where it lives on, and maintaining pond landscapes. This study identified erosion and siltation/deposition as major threats/pressures, while other impacts were low. The total evaluation score of this Ecologic Protected Area was 0.73, i.e. excellent for management effectiveness. Local communities, economic benefits, and carbon capture could be areas of focus in the future. This study recommended adding justifications of value positioning and work plan descriptions to the Ecological Protected Areas in the National Park Plan. Coordination with the management of the Wetlands of Importance, as well as management effectiveness evaluation should be routinely implemented
Effects on Knowledge, Skill, and Attitude of Trauma Care after participating in Prehospital Trauma Life Support Provider Course in Prehospital care personnel
No full text[[abstract]]研究背景：到院前創傷救命術（簡稱PHTLS）已經在全球各地推廣多年。過去研究提及PHTLS課程能夠提升參與人員的知識、技術、態度、甚至實際創傷照護的成效，而國內尚未有相關研究與證據支持。故本研究擬透過問卷調查方式在課程前、後進行問卷調查，並藉以觀察不同背景與創傷照護程度的課程參與者對於PHTLS課程對於其知識、能力、信心程度的改變進行了解。研究方法：本研究採橫斷式研究針對2021年9月至12月國內所舉辦5場的PHTLS Provider課程的學員進行前後測的問卷調查，受試者納入條件為研究期間報名參加PHTLS課程且為緊急醫療救護相關專業背景的學員，排除條件者為非緊急醫療救護相關專業背景的學員。本研究排除異常填答、前後測不完全者等無效問卷後，共計81份前後測完整之有效問卷進行分析。研究結果：在到院前創傷知識、能力、信心程度量表的評測中，後測的結果皆顯著的高於前測。在課後回饋的部分，尤其在「本課程符合臨床需求」、「你對本次上課學員數量是否滿意」、「教學方式對學習很有幫助」、「我會非常建議此教學方式」等項目為最高分的評價。研究結論：本研究為國內針對PHTLS課程的前後測成果初探，而此課程在各項到院前創傷照護知識技術甚至實際的照護品質上仍有許多值得深入研究與探討的機會。期待國內PHTLS訓練機構持續秉持初衷，讓國內的整體創傷急救與研究量能可以持續推動，並與國際接軌。
Background: Prehospital trauma life support (PHTLS) course has been implementing internationally since the 90s. Studies indicated that this course improved prehospital trauma care providers' knowledge, skills, attitude, and clinical performance. In Taiwan, there is a lack of studies to investigate the effects of PHTLS courses on prehospital trauma care providers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate PHTLS course participants on knowledge, skills, and attitudes by using pre-and post-test questionnaires. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional research design to conduct a questionnaire survey on participants in five PHTLS Provider courses held domestically from September to December 2021. The inclusion criteria for subjects were students who enrolled in the PHTLS course during the study period and had a professional background related to emergency medical rescue. Exclusion criteria included students with no professional background related to emergency medical rescue. A total of 81 valid questionnaires were included for analysis. Results: The results of the post-test in all items were higher than those in the pre-test. In the feedback section, the items "This course meets clinical needs", "I satisfied the total numbers of participants", "The teaching methods were very helpful", and "I recommend these teaching methods" obtained the highest scores. Conclusion: This was a pilot study to investigate the effects of PHTLS courses. It is necessary to keep exploring research opportunities about the effects of this course and the following improvements in prehospital trauma care in Taiwan. We expect all Taiwan PHTLS training centres that keep promoting and maintaining the essential concepts and quality in these courses
Effect of Myofascial Relaxation on Joint Activity and Grip Strength of Beach Woodball Players
No full text[[abstract]]背景：沙灘木球已連續五屆在亞洲沙灘運動會中成為必辦項目，但沙灘木球運動因沙灘特性而使擊球距離變短，造成選手前臂的負荷加重。目的：本研究以5分鐘肌筋膜鬆弛術介入沙灘木球的長距離擊球揮桿，主要目的想快速恢復慣用手肘關節活動角度（彎曲、前臂旋前、前臂旋後）與手腕關節活動角度（彎曲、伸直），次要目的為恢復慣用手的握力。方法：招募20～29歲的大學木球選手共24位，重複測量長距離擊球揮桿前、重複揮桿36次後與5分鐘肌筋膜鬆弛術介入後的慣用手肘關節角度（彎曲、前臂旋前、前臂旋後）、腕關節（彎曲、伸直）與握力，並以單因子重複量數變異數分析（Repeated measure ANOVA）來作量性分析，用Bonferroni進行事後檢定分析。結果：肘關節的角度變化在肌筋膜鬆弛術介入後與揮桿前在彎曲角度有正向變化且達顯著差異（p＜.05）；重複揮桿36次後－肌筋膜鬆弛術介入後肘關節（彎曲、前臂旋前、前臂旋後）角度有正向變化且達顯著差異（p＜.05）。腕關節的角度變化在重複揮桿36次後－肌筋膜鬆弛術介入後有正向變化且達顯著差異（p＜.05），重複揮桿36次前後、揮桿前與肌筋膜鬆弛術介入後，其腕關節角度（彎曲、伸直）變化都未達顯著差異。慣用手握力有達顯著差異，但事後檢定各組均未達顯著差異。結論：5分鐘的肌筋膜鬆弛術介入，能幫助運動員重複揮桿36次後其慣用手肘關節（彎曲、前臂旋前、前臂旋後）與腕關節（彎曲、伸直）的角度有正向變化，但對其慣用手握力的恢復幫助不大。
Background: Beach woodball has been an event in the Asian Beach Games for five consecutive sessions, but the hitting distance is shorter due to the characteristics of the beach, causing the load on players' forearms to increase. Purposes: This study used a five-minute myofascial relaxation technique to intervene in the long-distance hitting swing of beach woodball. The main purpose is to quickly restore the elbow joint movement angle of the dominant hand (bending, forearm pronation, forearm supination) and wrist joint movement angle (bending and straightening). The secondary purpose is to restore the grip strength of the dominant hand. Method: A total of 24 college woodball players aged 20-29 were recruited. The elbow joint angle (bending, forearm pronation, forearm supination), wrist joint (bending and straightening) and grip strength of the dominant hand after repeated swinging 36 times and intervention of myofascial relaxation for five minutes were measured before long-distance swinging. The single factor repeated measure ANOVA was used for quantitative analysis, and Bonferroni was used for post-test analysis. Results: The angle change of the elbow joint had positive change and significant difference in bending angle after myofascial relaxation intervention and before swinging (p＜.05). After repeated swing-myofascial relaxation intervention, the angle of the elbow joint (bending, forearm pronation, forearm pronation) has positive change and significant difference (p＜.05). After repeated swing-myofascial relaxation intervention, the angle of the wrist joint has positive change and significant difference (p＜.05). Before swing and after myofascial relaxation intervention, the angle of the wrist joint (bending and straightening) has no significant difference before and after repeated swinging 36 times. The grip strength of the dominant hand was significantly different, but no significant difference was found in each group after verification. Conclusion: Five-minute myofascial relaxation intervention can help athletes to make positive changes in the angles of the elbow joint (bending, forearm pronation, forearm pronation) and wrist joint (bending, unbend) of their dominant hand after repeated swinging 36 times, but it is not helpful to restore the grip strength of their dominant hand
Studies to Application of Aquatic Treadmill for Exercise Physiology Adaptations and Potential Application
No full text[[abstract]]水中環境進行相關的運動訓練一直都是具有應用潛力之研究主題。相關研究指出，由於水的特性，例如水溫、水壓、浮力和阻力，使水中運動具有優於陸上的其他運動效果和穩定性。基於此概念所發明的水中跑步機，具體將水的特性；浮力、阻力與陸上跑步機結合，做為運動訓練和治療之用，提供訓練者在具有水的浮力和阻力環境中，進行步行或慢跑。然而，過去利用水中跑步機設備研究重點在於代謝反應與呼吸循環、脊髓損傷、骨關節炎和中風以及運動員復健運動訓練等相關研究，但較少文獻對於在進行水中跑步機運動時，可能引起的生理適應與作用機制。因此本文彙整出相關水中跑步機應用於健康疾病、運動訓練生理評估指標，其中包含心肺適能、血壓、心跳率、骨骼肌肉檢測，並闡明其可能在水中跑步機運動時生理上適應機轉，提供延續相關水中跑步機主題研究與應用之重要參考價值。
Exercise training in aquatic environment is a high potential research topic. Related researches have pointed out that aquatic physical characteristics, including water temperature, water pressure, buoyancy, and resistance could be more effective and stable to perform exercise training in aquatic than on the ground. Based on this concept, aquatic treadmill is combined with characteristics of aquatic and ground environments for training and therapy with aquatic buoyancy and resistance. However, previous aquatic treadmills studies have focused on the researches specific on the effects of the metabolic response, respiratory cycle, rehabilitation method for conditions such as spinal cord injury, osteoarthritis and stroke, and can facilitate an earlier return to exercise training for athletes. But, few to studies physiological mechanism and adaptation for during aquatic treadmill exercise may cause. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review the recent aquatic treadmill in health, diseases and training physiology assessment indicators. Including: aerobic fitness, blood pressure, heart rate, and skeletal muscle detection. Clarify the possible physiological adaptation and mechanism on when the aquatic treadmill exercise. Provide follow up with aquatic treadmills related to the application of the subject of reference
Screening for early Alzheimer's disease: enhancing diagnosis with linguistic features and biomarkers
No full text[[abstract]]Introduction: Research has shown that speech analysis demonstrates sensitivity in detecting early Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the relation between linguistic features and cognitive tests or biomarkers remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate how linguistic features help identify cognitive impairments in patients in the early stages of AD.
Method: This study analyzed connected speech from 80 participants and categorized the participants into early-AD and normal control (NC) groups. The participants underwent amyloid-β positron emission tomography scans, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and comprehensive neuropsychological testing. Participants' speech data from a picture description task were examined. A total of 15 linguistic features were analyzed to classify groups and predict cognitive performance.
Results: We found notable linguistic differences between the early-AD and NC groups in lexical diversity, syntactic complexity, and language disfluency. Using machine learning classifiers (SVM, KNN, and RF), we achieved up to 88% accuracy in distinguishing early-AD patients from normal controls, with mean length of utterance (MLU) and long pauses ratio (LPR) serving as core linguistic indicators. Moreover, the integration of linguistic indicators with biomarkers significantly improved predictive accuracy for AD. Regression analysis also highlighted crucial linguistic features, such as MLU, LPR, Type-to-Token ratio (TTR), and passive construction ratio (PCR), which were sensitive to changes in cognitive function.
Conclusion: Findings support the efficacy of linguistic analysis as a screening tool for the early detection of AD and the assessment of subtle cognitive decline. Integrating linguistic features with biomarkers significantly improved diagnostic accuracy
Novel Application of 18F-NaF PET/CT Imaging for Evaluation of Active Bone Remodeling in Diabetic Patients With Charcot Neuropathy: A Proof-of-Concept Report
No full text[[abstract]]Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy (CN) is a serious and potentially limb-threatening complication for patients with diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial disease. In recent decades, nuclear medicine-based approaches have been used for non-invasive detection of CN; however, to date, a positron emission tomography (PET) radionuclide specifically focused on targeted imaging of active bone remodeling has not been explored or validated for patients with CN. The radionuclide 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) has historically been used as a bone imaging probe due to its high sensitivity for targeting hydroxyapatite and bone turnover, but has not been applied in the context of CN. Therefore, the present study focused on novel application of 18F-NaF PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging to three clinical cases of CN to evaluate active bone remodeling at various time courses of CN. PET/CT imaging in all 3 cases demonstrated focal uptake of 18F-NaF in the bones of the feet afflicted with CN, with bone retention of 18F-NaF persisting for up to 5 years following surgical reconstruction of the foot in two cases. On a group level, 18F-NaF bone uptake in the CN foot was significantly higher compared to the healthy, non-CN foot (p = 0.039). 18F-NaF PET/CT imaging may provide a non-invasive tool for monitoring active bone remodeling in the setting of CN, thereby offering novel opportunities for tracking disease progression and improving treatment and surgical intervention
Cardiovascular responses to exercise when increasing skin temperature with narrowing of the core-to-skin temperature gradient
No full text[[abstract]]The decline in stroke volume (SV) during exercise in the heat has been attributed to either an increase in cutaneous blood flow (CBF) that reduces venous return or an increase in heart rate (HR) that reduces cardiac filling time. However, the evidence supporting each mechanism arises under experimental conditions with different skin temperatures (Tsk; e.g., ≥38°C vs. ≤36°C, respectively). We systematically studied cardiovascular responses to progressively increased Tsk (32°C-39°C) with narrowing of the core-to-skin gradient during moderate intensity exercise. Eight men cycled at 63 ± 1% peak oxygen consumption for 20-30 min. Tsk was manipulated by having subjects wear a water-perfused suit that covered most of the body and maintained Tsk that was significantly different between trials and averaged 32.4 ± 0.2, 35.5 ± 0.1, 37.5 ± 0.1, and 39.5 ± 0.1°C, respectively. The graded heating of Tsk ultimately produced a graded elevation of esophageal temperature (Tes) at the end of exercise. Incrementally increasing Tsk resulted in a graded increase in HR and a graded decrease in SV. CBF reached a similar average plateau value in all trials when Tes was above ~38°C, independent of Tsk. Tsk had no apparent effect on forearm venous volume (FVV). In conclusion, the CBF and FVV responses suggest no further pooling of blood in the skin when Tsk is increased from 32.4°C to 39.5°C. The decrease in SV during moderate intensity exercise when heating the skin to high levels appears related to an increase in HR and not an increase in CBF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study systematically investigated the effect of increasing skin temperature (Tsk) to high levels on cardiovascular responses during moderate intensity exercise. We conclude that the declines in stroke volume were related to the increases in heart rate but not the changes in cutaneous blood flow (CBF) and forearm venous volume (FVV) during moderate intensity exercise when Tsk increased from ~32°C to ~39°C. High Tsk (≥38°C) did not further elevate CBF and FVV compared with lower Tsk during moderate intensity exercise