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[[alternative]]The Effectiveness of Pediatric Tui Na Add-on Conventional Treatment for Children with Diarrhea：Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full text[[abstract]]背景：腹瀉是兒科常見的症狀，影響兒童的舒適及增加照顧者負擔。小兒推拿是中醫兒科常用的外治手法。目的：探討小兒推拿附加於兒童腹瀉常規治療之整合效益。研究方法：以兒童、腹瀉、小兒推拿為關鍵詞，檢索刊登於2015年1月1日至2024年7月31日間PubMed、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、EBSCO、Science Direct、萬方數據（Wanfang Data）、中國期刊全文數據庫（CNKI）及華藝中英文電子期刊資料庫（Airiti Library）等8個中英文電子資料庫，以及Google Scholar的文章。選擇以小於12歲的腹瀉兒童為對象，施以小兒推拿附加於兒童腹瀉常規治療之隨機對照臨床試驗。使用JBI的關鍵評估工具隨機對照試驗關鍵評估檢核表評讀研究文獻品質，以Cochrane ROB 2.0評估偏倚風險，使用RevMan 5.3統計軟體進行統合分析。研究結果：在17篇納入分析之研究，共計1960位受試者。這些小兒推拿隨機對照臨床試驗的中英文文獻皆來自中國大陸；年齡介於2個月至7歲；辨證分型以脾虛瀉最多，主要為虛證；小兒推拿以4-10組穴搭配手法治療，常用為摩腹揉臍、分推腹陰陽；其次是清補脾經、清補大腸經；治療時間平均每次約20-30分鐘，以一天執行一次為最多。所有納入的文獻皆是隨機對照試驗，但JBI證據等級1d佔52.94%，證據強度B級佔88.32%，顯示證據等級偏低。以JBI評核研究方法品質，總得分在≤ 6分、屬較低品質的文獻佔82.35%；以ROB 2.0評核的結果發現94.12%文獻存在高風險。主要指標的統合分析結果：（一）總有效率：RR=1.17，95% CI：1.13 to 1.21(p <0.00001)；Q/df= 1.03，I2=3%，顯示無論是採用小兒推拿附加於兒童腹瀉的中藥常規治療或西藥常規治療都是有效果的，但是，小兒推拿附加常規治療於兒童腹瀉治療的總有效率，比只有使用常規治療來得更有效果，且文獻異質性低。（二）大便積分：MD=1.16，95% CI：0.8 to 1.47(p <0.00001)，Q/df=86.6，I2=99%，顯示小兒推拿附加常規治療在治療後的大便積分，比只用常規治療治療後的大便積分得分數更低，但文獻異質性高。次要指標：（一）中醫證候積分：MD =1.41，95% CI：0.66 to 2.17 (p =0.0002)，Q/df=47.67，I2=98%，表示小兒推拿附加常規治療在治療後的中醫證候積分，比只用常規治療治療後的中醫證候積分得分數更低，但文獻異質性高。（二）食慾積分：MD = 0.48，95% CI：0.23 to 0.73(p =0.0002)，Q/df=32.06，I2=97%，顯示小兒推拿附加常規治療組在治療後的食慾積分，比只用常規治療後的食慾積分得分數更低，且文獻異質性高。無論在主要指標或是次要指標項目上，結果顯示小兒推拿附加常規治療優於只有使用常規治療。安全性指標：不良反應總發生率：RR = 0.35，95% CI：0.15 to 0.82(p = 0.02)，Q/df = 1.03，I2 = 0%，顯示採用小兒推拿附加於兒童腹瀉常規治療的方式發生不良反應的風險，低於只有使用常規治療，且文獻異質性低。結論：本統合分析結果顯示以小兒推拿附加常規治療對兒童腹瀉的改善，比只有使用常規治療更具成效且更安全。所納入文獻使用的積分標準與指標評斷不一致，導致文獻異質性偏高，也影響本研究對成效評估的精準度。評讀文獻顯示多數文獻證據等級評等偏低、品質低且有偏差風險。建議未來研究可參考CONSORT的指南進行研究設計，以減少偏誤產生，提高文獻證據之品質。[[abstract]]Background：Diarrhea is a common symptom in pediatrics. Diarrheal symptoms affect children's comfort and increase caregiver burden. Pediatric tui na is acommon-ly used external treatment method for pediatrics in traditional Chinese medicine. This study uses systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effectiveness of pediatric tui na as an add-on to the conventional treatment of children's diarrhea, in order to provide the best clinical care evidence.Objective:：To explore the integrated benefit of pediatric Tui Na in the convention-al treatment of children's diarrhea.Methods: Using the keywords children, diarrhea, and pediatric Tui Na, the search was published between January 1, 2015 and July 31, 2024.8 Chinese and English electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EBSCO, Sci-ence Direct, Wanfang Data, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Airiti Library, and Google Scholar article.This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on children with diarrhea who were less than 12 years old, and pediatric tui na add-on was used to the conventional treatment of children with diarrhea. The quality of research literature was evaluated using JBI's critical assessment tool, the Randomized Controlled Trial Critical Assessment Checklist, Cochrane ROB 2.0 was used to assess the risk of bias, and RevMan 5.3 statistical software was used for meta-analysis.Research results: There were 17 studies included in the analysis, with a total of 1960 subjects. The Chinese and English literature of these randomized controlled clinical trials of pediatric massage are all from mainland China; the age range is from 2 months to 7 years old; according to syndrome differentiation, spleen deficiency type diarrhea is the most common, and it is mainly deficiency syndrome; pediatric Tui Na uses 4-10 groups of acupoints Manual treatments are commonly used to Tui Na the abdomen and umbilical cord, and push abdominal yin and yang in separate parts; fol-lowed by clearing and tonifying the spleen meridian, and clearing and tonifying the large intestine meridian; the average treatment time is about 20-30 minutes each time, and it is best to perform it once a day at most. All included literature were ran-domized controlled trials, but JBI evidence level 1d accounted for 52.94%, and evi-dence strength level B accounted for 88.32%, indicating that the evidence level of the literature was low. Using JBI to evaluate the quality of research methods, 82.35% of the documents with a total score of ≤ 6 points were of lower quality; using ROB 2.0, it was found that 94.12% of the documents were of high risk. Meta-analysis re-sults of the main indicators: (1) Total effective rate: RR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.21(p < 0.00001),Q/df= 1.03, I2=3%, showing that whether pediatric Tui Na add-on Con-ventional treatment of children's diarrhea with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) or conventional Western medicine is effective. However, the total effective rate of pe-diatric Tui Na add-on Conventional treatment in the treatment of children's diarrhea is more effective than conventional treatment alone, and the heterogeneity of the lit-erature is low.(2) Stool score: MD=1.16, 95% CI: 0.8 to 1.47 (p <0.00001), Q/df=86.6, I2=99%, showing that the stool score of pediatric Tui Na add-on Conven-tional treatment after treatment is only Stool score were lower after treatment with usual care, but heterogeneity in the literature was high. Secondary indicators: (1) TCM syndrome score: MD =1.41, 95% CI: 0.66 to 2.17 (p =0.0002), Q/df=47.67, I2=98%, indicating that pediatric Tui Na add-on Conventional treatment has a better effect after treatment The TCM syndrome score is lower than that after treatment with conventional treatment only, but the heterogeneity of the literature is high. (2) Appetite score: MD = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.73 (p =0.0002), Q/df=32.06, I2=97%, showing the proportion of appetite score after treatment in the pediatric Tui Na add-on Conventional treatment group Appetite score scores were lower after treatment with conventional care alone, and the literature is highly heterogeneous. Regardless of the primary or secondary index items, the results show that pediatric Tui Na add-on Conventional treatment is better than conventional treatment alone. Safety indica-tors: Total incidence rate of adverse reactions: RR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.82 (p = 0.02), Q/df = 1.03, I2 = 0%, showing the use of pediatric Tui Na add-on Conventional treatment of diarrhea in children The risk of adverse effects is lower than with con-ventional treatment alone, and heterogeneity in the literature is low.Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis show that pediatric tui na add-on con-ventional treatment is more effective and safer than conventional treatment alone in improving children's diarrhea. The scoring standards used in the included literature are inconsistent with the index evaluation, which leads to high heterogeneity of the literature and also affects the accuracy of the effectiveness evaluation in this study. A review of the literature shows that most of the literature has low evidence ratings, low quality, and risks of bias. It is recommended that future research should refer to CONSORT's guidelines for research design to reduce bias and improve the quality of documentary evidence
Effectiveness of Mobile Application Disease Self-Management Programme on Mental Health and Self-Management of Patients With Hypertension: A Randomised Controlled Trial
No full text[[abstract]]Background: Hypertension is a chronic disease that consumes considerable medical resources.
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate a model able to develop and assess the effectiveness of a mobile application disease self-management programme regarding mental health and self-management for patients with hypertension.
Methods: A randomised controlled trial and single-blind random assignment was employed to group the participants. A total of 100 patients were collected from the cardiology clinic of a teaching hospital in Taiwan. There were 50 participants in each group: the mobile application group (experimental group) and the routine care (control group). The primary outcome measures were mental health and self-management.
Results: This study discovered that the intervention improved the mental health and self-management of the experimental group. The results for the experimental group revealed significantly improved effects and outcomes superior to those of the control group.
Conclusions: The study results verified that a mobile application disease self-management programme could improve the mental health and disease self-management of patients with hypertension
Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Fatigue, Sleep Quality, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life in Pancreatic Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full text[[abstract]]Background: Patients with pancreatic cancer exhibit various symptoms and numerous physiological and psychological complications. Therefore, designing intervention measures to alleviate symptoms is crucial.
Objective: This study explored the effectiveness of a 4-week auricular acupressure intervention for reducing fatigue and improving quality of life, sleep quality, and physical activity in patients receiving chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at a medical center in northern Taiwan. The study participants comprised 80 patients undergoing chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. The experimental group received auricular acupressure therapy for 4 weeks, which targeted the shenmen (TF4), sympathetic (AH6), liver (CO12), spleen (CO13), and subcortex (AT4) acupoints, and the control group received routine care. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Group Core Questionnaire-C30, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Group Core Questionnaire-PAN26, Brief Fatigue Inventory-Taiwanese version, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and 3-day Physical Activity Record were used for assessment.
Results: After auricular acupressure therapy for 4 weeks, the experimental group exhibited significant improvements in insomnia symptoms during weeks 1 to 4, as measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Group Core Questionnaire-C30 (all P < .01), and improvements in sleep quality by week 4, as measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( P < .036).
Conclusions: After auricular acupressure therapy for 4 weeks, significant improvements were observed in patients' sleep quality and quality of life in terms of insomnia.
Implications for practice: Auricular acupressure can improve sleep quality and other aspects of quality of life among patients undergoing chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. The study findings indicate the potential of auricular acupressure as an adjunctive cancer care treatment.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05139199
Applying machine learning to construct an association model for lung cancer and environmental hormone high-risk factors and nursing assessment reconstruction
No full text[[abstract]]Introduction: To utilize machine learning techniques to develop an association model linking lung cancer and environmental hormones to enhance the understanding of potential lung cancer risk factors and refine current nursing assessments for lung cancer.
Design: This study is exploratory in nature. In Stage 1, data were sourced from a biological database, and machine learning methods, including logistic regression and neural-like networks, were employed to construct an association model. Results indicate significant associations between lung cancer and blood cadmium, urine cadmium, urine cadmium/creatinine, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. In Stage 2, 128 lung adenocarcinoma patients were recruited through convenience sampling, and the model was validated using a questionnaire assessing daily living habits and exposure to environmental hormones.
Results: Analysis reveals correlations between the living habits of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and exposure to blood cadmium, urine cadmium, urine cadmium/creatinine, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, diethyl phthalate, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
Conclusions: According to the World Health Organization's global statistics, lung cancer claims approximately 1.8 million lives annually, with more than 50% of patients having no history of smoking or non-traditional risk factors. Environmental hormones have garnered significant attention in recent years in pathogen exploration. However, current nursing assessments for lung cancer risk have not incorporated environmental hormone-related factors. This study proposes reconstructing existing lung cancer nursing assessments with a comprehensive evaluation of lung cancer risks.
Clinical relevance: The findings underscore the importance of future studies advocating for public screening of environmental hormone toxins to increase the sample size and validate the model externally. The developed association model lays the groundwork for advancing cancer risk nursing assessments
The relationships among overcommitment, effort-reward imbalance, safety climate, emotional labour and quality of working life for hospital nurses: a structural equation modeling
No full text[[abstract]]Background: Quality of working life (QWL) is a highly important issue for nurses. Nurses with lower QWL tend to have lower job performance and intention to stay. The aim of this study was to apply a theoretical model to examine the structural relationships among overcommitment, effort-reward imbalance (ERI), safety climate, emotional labour and QWL for hospital nurses.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design and a simple random sampling method were used to recruit 295 nurses in a teaching hospital and used a structured questionnaire was used to collect data.
Results: Overall, the nurses' QWL was moderate. Our theoretical model showed a good model fit. Overcommintment had a significant direct positive effect on ERI (? = 0.35, p < 0.001) and indirect effects on safety climate (? = -0.149, p = 0.001), emotional labour (? = 0.105, p = 0.001) and QWL (? = -0.061, p = 0.004). Additionally, ERI not only had significant direct effects on safety climate (? = -0.42, p < 0.001), emotional labour (? = 0.30, p < 0.001) and QWL (? = -0.17, p < 0.001) but also indirectly affected QWL through safety climate (? = -0.304, p = 0.001) and emotional labour (? = -0.042, p = 0.005). Both safety climate (? = 0.72, p < 0.001) and emotional labour (? = -0.14, p = 0.003) showed significant direct effects on QWL. Our final model accounted for 72% of the variance in QWL.
Conclusion: Our results highlight the necessity of improving the QWL of nurses. Policymakers and hospital administrators should develop policies and strategies that encourage nurses to exhibit an appropriate level of commitment, balance effort and reward, establish a climate of safety, and reduce emotional labour to improve the QWL of hospital nurses
[[alternative]]AI-Assisted Development Strategies for Customized Logistics Systems in Digital Transformation: A Case Study of Health and Wellness Mushroom Logistics
No full text[[abstract]]本研究旨在研究傳統物流行業中的數位轉型策略，以健康養身菇類批發業為例，透過AI來輔助數位轉型，並使用案例研究方法，通過質性研究專家訪談和系統可用性驗證，評估了菇類批發商使用進銷存管理系統的價值和可行性。研究結果顯示，進銷存管理系統可以提高批發商的運營效率和客戶滿意度，並有助於降低庫存成本和減少庫存風險。本文還提出了進一步的研究建議，包括擴大樣本量、深入分析客戶需求、收集用戶反饋等。這項研究的貢獻在於為傳統批發物流行業中的數位轉型提供指導和應用參考，為相關企業提供實用的建議和策略。[[abstract]]This study aims to explore digital transformation strategies in the traditional logistics industry, using the health and wellness mushroom wholesale industry as an example. By utilizing AI to assist in digital transformation and employing a case study method, the value and feasibility of using an inventory management system by mushroom wholesalers were evaluated through qualitative research, expert interviews, and system usability verification. The research results indicate that an inventory management system can improve the operational efficiency and customer satisfaction of wholesalers, help reduce inventory costs, and minimize inventory risks. The paper also proposes further research suggestions, including expanding the sample size, conducting in-depth analysis of customer needs, and collecting user feedback. The contribution of this study lies in providing guidance and practical references for digital transformation in the traditional wholesale logistics industry, offering practical advice and strategies for related enterprises
[[alternative]]The effect of exercise training on irisin in the obese population : A systematic review
No full text[[abstract]]問題背景：全球肥胖問題加劇，預測2030年全球肥胖症人口將達10億。台灣肥胖盛行率也持續攀升，已成為嚴重健康問題，調查顯示20-64歲年齡層中，每4人就有1人患有代謝症候群。肥胖與多項疾病有著密切關聯，而減重成為治療肥胖的策略之一，而運動被視為最佳的預防手段。鳶尾素是新型的肌肉激素，能促使白色脂肪棕化，提高能量消耗，改善肥胖問題。雖然研究結果仍有一定的分歧，但初步數據顯示，運動會刺激鳶尾素的釋放。本研究旨在探討運動訓練對肥胖族群鳶尾素的影響，統整相關內容，期待能提供對抗肥胖和代謝症候群等相關疾病的健康管理策略。研究方法：本研究使用PubMed和Web of Science資料庫進行資料檢索，根據篩選條件及關鍵字進行過濾，關鍵字為「Irisin」、 「Obesity」、「Exercise 」。僅檢索符合納入標準的全文文獻，範圍為2012年至2023年間的文獻資料。採用PICO模式的問題結構來進行探索，及使用JBI文獻評讀檢核表，作為研究評斷工具。研究結果：於PubMed搜尋到24篇文獻，Web of Science搜尋到13篇文獻，在經過瀏覽及篩選後，最後納入評讀文獻共計10篇。結論: 鳶尾素在運動誘導的代謝調節中扮演重要角色。運動能夠增加鳶尾素水平，並對血糖、胰島素和肥胖等產生調節作用，同時改善葡萄糖代謝和胰島素阻抗。肥胖人群在運動後顯示出明顯的BMI和腰圍減少，顯示鳶尾素可能成為治療肥胖和胰島素阻抗的潛在方法。此外，鳶尾素注射在改善與肥胖相關的生物參數方面具有類似運動介入的效果，並可能成為運動替代品的潛在選項。鳶尾素在中等和高強度運動後的水平上升，與肌肉質量、力量和代謝等因素呈正相關，但與空腹血糖呈負相關。儘管初步研究顯示了鳶尾素在人體中的潛在效果，但仍需進一步研究鳶尾素的作用機制和不同人群中的效應。因此，未來的研究應該更加深入地探討這一生物活性分子的作用，以確定其在臨床治療中的實際應用價值和潛在的風險。[[abstract]]Background：The global obesity problem is worsening, with projections indicating that by 2030, the number of obese individuals worldwide will reach 1 billion. In Taiwan, the prevalence of obesity is also rising, becoming a significant health issue. Surveys show that among those aged 20-64, one in four suffers from metabolic syndrome. Obesity is closely linked to various diseases, making weight loss a key strategy for treating obesity, with exercise being considered the best preventive measure. Irisin, a novel myokine, has been found to promote the browning of white adipose tissue, increase energy expenditure, and improve obesity-related issues. Although research results are somewhat divergent, preliminary data suggest that exercise stimulates the release of irisin. This study aims to investigate the effect of exercise training on irisin levels in obese populations, summarizing relevant findings to provide health management strategies for combating obesity and related metabolic syndrome diseases. Methods：This study conducted data searches using the PubMed and Web of Science databases, filtering results based on inclusion criteria and keywords such as "Irisin," "Obesity," and "Exercise." Only full-text articles meeting the inclusion standards and published between 2012 and 2023 were retrieved. The study employed the PICO model to structure the research questions and used the JBI critical appraisal checklist as a research evaluation tool. Results：The search yielded 24 articles from PubMed and 13 from Web of Science. After screening and filtering, a total of 10 articles were included for review. Conclusion：Irisin plays an important role in exercise-induced metabolic regulation. Exercise can increase irisin levels and regulate blood glucose, insulin, and obesity, while also improving glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. In obese individuals, exercise results in significant reductions in BMI and waist circumference, suggesting that irisin could be a potential treatment for obesity and insulin resistance. Additionally, irisin injections have shown similar effects to exercise interventions in improving obesity-related biological parameters, potentially serving as an alternative to exercise. Irisin levels rise after moderate to high-intensity exercise and are positively correlated with muscle mass, strength, and metabolism, but negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose. Although preliminary research indicates the potential effects of irisin in humans, further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of irisin and its effects in different populations. Future research should delve deeper into this bioactive molecule to determine its practical clinical application value and potential risks
[[alternative]]Age-related effects of non-ketogenic low carbohydrate diet and interval exercise training on biomarkers of brain health in men
No full text[[abstract]]現今高齡化社會，高齡者健康議題也愈發被重視，大腦隨著年紀增長而開始退化，進而影響認知功能，然而，運動及飲食控制皆能有效改善認知功能，但運動結合飲食對大腦健康之研究仍有限，多數文獻的飲食介入為生酮飲食，但並不是所有人皆適合生酮飲食，若飲食攝取不均衡可能會導致營養不足、身體不適，因此本研究以非生酮性低碳水化合物飲食與間歇運動訓練介入探討對不同年齡層男性大腦健康功能指標之差異。研究方法：本研究招募27名健康成年男性，分配至年輕組 (N=15,平均年齡: 22.6±4.1歲)，中高齡組 (N=12, 平均年齡44.6±4.8歲)，兩組皆進行兩週非生酮性低碳水化合物飲食結合間歇運動訓練，實驗前先測量最大峰值 (VO2 peak)，間歇運動訓練為5分鐘熱身(30% VO2 peak)+(75% VO2 peak*4分鐘+60% VO2 peak*3分鐘)*5個循環，總運動時間40分鐘，共介入7次的間歇運動訓練，於介入前後使用非侵入性大腦近紅外線光譜儀進行大腦血流量的測量，並分析大腦健康功能相關血液指標。研究結果：兩組在運動中大腦血流量皆有上升趨勢，兩週實驗後年輕組整體大腦血流量反應幅度為上升趨勢，中高齡組反應幅度為下降趨勢；在血液指標方面，兩組血酮濃度皆有顯著上升，血乳酸皆顯著下降；年輕組的生長激素為顯著下降趨勢，中高齡組為顯著上升趨勢；兩組的類胰島素生長因子反應皆無顯著變化；年輕組的腦源性神經營養因子反應為顯著下降趨勢，中高齡組則無顯著變化；游離脂肪酸僅有年輕組有顯著上升趨勢，中高齡組無顯著變化。結論：研究結果顯示，此介入提升年輕組的大腦血流量，中高齡組則無明顯變化；大腦健康功能相關的血液指標方面，年輕組的腦源性神經營養因子反應幅度顯著下降，而中高齡組則無明顯變化，推測因介入非生酮性低碳水化合物飲食導致身體缺乏葡萄糖，使身體轉為依賴脂肪作為主要能源，進而影響腦源性神經營養因子及其他血液指標的反應。據此，本研究對年輕組大腦血流量有正面之影響，然而兩組大腦健康功能相關的血液指標皆未有正面影響。[[abstract]]In today's aging society, the health of elderly individuals is increasingly prioritized, as aging correlates with cognitive decline. Both exercise and dietary control have been shown effective in improving cognitive function. However, research on their combined effects on brain health remains limited, with most studies focusing on ketogenic diets, which may not be suitable for everyone due to potential nutritional deficiencies and discomfort. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of a non-ketogenic low-carbohydrate diet combined with interval exercise training on brain health indicators in different age groups of men. Methods: This study recruited 27 healthy adult men who were randomly assigned to the Young group (N=15, age: 22.6±4.1 years) and the Mid-life group (N=12, age: 44.6±4.8 years). Both groups underwent a two-week intervention involving a low-carbohydrate diet combined with interval exercise training. VO2 peak was measured prior to the experiment. Interval exercise training consisted of 5 minutes warm-up (30% VO2 peak) followed by 5 cycles of (75% VO2 peak * 4 minutes + 60% VO2 peak * 3 minutes), totaling 40 minutes of exercise performed 7 times over the intervention period. CBF was measured using NIRS before and after the intervention, and blood markers related to brain health were analyzed. Results: Both groups showed an increasing trend in CBF during exercise. After the two-week intervention, the Young group exhibited an overall increase in CBF response, while the Mid-life group showed a decreasing trend. Regarding blood markers, both groups showed significant increases in blood ketone levels and significant decreases in blood lactate levels. GH significantly decreased in the Young group and increased in the Mid-life group. IGF-1 showed no significant changes in either group. BDNF significantly decreased in the Young group, whereas no significant change was observed in the Mid-life group. FFA significantly increased only in the Young group, with no significant change in the Mid-life group. Conclusion: The study results demonstrate that this intervention improved CBF in the Young group, while no significant changes were observed in the Mid-life group. Regarding blood markers related to brain health, BDNF significantly decreased in the Young group, with no significant change observed in the Mid-life group. This suggests that the low-carbohydrate diet intervention may have led to glucose deficiency, causing the body to rely on fats as the primary energy source, thereby influencing BDNF and other blood markers. Thus, while this study shows a positive impact on CBF in the Young group, it did not observe positive effects on blood markers related to brain health in either group
[[alternative]]Cognitive Reserve and Connected Speech in Mild Cognitive Impairment
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究旨在探討健康及輕度認知障礙（Mild Cognitive Impairment, MCI）長者的連續性言語表現差異，並研究認知儲備對老化及退化過程中連續性言語的影響，期望提供快速且具實證依據的篩檢指標。過去研究發現，MCI長者在認知功能和連續性言語表現上均較健康長者表現低。認知儲備由後天具有認知刺激性的經驗所形塑，高認知儲備健康長者在流暢性言語中表現較佳；高認知儲備MCI長者則能維持較佳的認知測驗分數。 本研究從北投社區及新店耕莘醫院招募40名健康長者與20名MCI長者，分別完成認知測驗、波士頓命名測驗及連續性言語測驗。語料分析涵蓋詞彙、語句、流暢度和語意品質層面。以MANCOVA分析兩組長者之連續性言語指標差異，並使用皮爾森相關分析認知儲備指數與認知功能測驗、詞彙命名測驗、連續性言語表現之間的相關性，進一步以簡單線性迴歸分析認知儲備指數對上述測驗表現的預測力。 結果顯示，健康長者在各項測驗中的得分均高於MCI長者。MCI長者的填充詞比例及整體不流暢比例顯著高於健康長者，而核心要素完整度顯著低於健康長者。認知儲備指數與認知功能測驗的表現具顯著相關，且可預測其表現。在連續性言語方面，認知儲備指數顯著預測詞彙層面、流暢度層面及語意品質層面之指標。綜上所述，兩組長者在流暢度及語意品質層面具顯著差異，且認知儲備對老化及認知退化下的連續性言語表現具有潛在保護效果。[[abstract]] This study aims to investigate the differences in continuous speech performance between healthy elderly individuals and those with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and to examine the impact of cognitive reserve on continuous speech during aging and cognitive decline. The goal is to provide a rapid and evidence-based screening tool to detect early cognitive decline. Previous research indicates that individuals with MCI perform worse than healthy elderly in both cognitive functions and continuous speech. Cognitive reserve, shaped by cognitively stimulating experiences, allows high cognitive reserve healthy elderly to perform better in fluency, vocabulary, and semantic quality; high cognitive reserve individuals with MCI also maintain better cognitive test scores. The study recruited 40 healthy elderly and 20 MCI elderly from the Beitou community and Xindian Gengxin Hospital. Participants completed cognitive tests, the Boston Naming Test, and continuous speech tasks. Language analysis covered vocabulary, syntax, fluency, and semantic quality. MANCOVA was used to analyze differences in continuous speech indicators between the groups. Pearson correlation analyzed the relationships between cognitive reserve index, cognitive tests, naming tests, and continuous speech performance. Simple linear regression assessed the predictive power of the cognitive reserve index on test performance. Results showed that healthy elderly scored higher than MCI elderly on all tests. MCI elderly had significantly higher proportions of filler words and overall disfluency, and significantly lower completeness of core elements in speech. The cognitive reserve index was significantly correlated with cognitive test performance and could predict it. In continuous speech, the cognitive reserve index significantly predicted vocabulary, fluency, and semantic quality indicators. In summary, there are significant differences in fluency and semantic quality between the two groups, and cognitive reserve has a potential protective effect on continuous speech performance during aging and cognitive decline
[[alternative]]Bee-literate Explorers: Montessori, Translanguaging and Bee Knowledge Acquisition
No full text[[abstract]]這項研究介紹了一種雙語蒙特梭利教學法，結合了英語和華語，探索 3 至 6 歲學齡前兒童對蜜蜂主題的學習。此研究受到孩子們對昆蟲自然興趣的驅 動，並與蒙特梭利遵循兒童興趣的教育哲學理念一致。研究方法採用觀察和日 記法記錄兒童的學習變化。同時，研究運用了跨語言溝通的方法，整合兩種語 言於學習和測試過程中。前測和後測主要集中在蜜蜂群體的名稱、角色及其職 責和製蜜過程。研究結果顯示，透過跨語言蒙特梭利方法，在以英語為外語 (EFL)環境中，孩子們對蜜蜂知識和英語詞彙的掌握均有所提升。關鍵詞:蒙特梭利方法、雙語、英語為外語(EFL)、學齡前兒童、跨語言溝通[[abstract]]This research introduces a bilingual Montessori approach, incorporating English and Mandarin, to explore the theme of bees among 3-6-year-old preschoolers. Motivated by children's natural fascination with insects, the study aligned with the Montessori philosophy of following the child's interests. The method of this study was using observation and diaries to record children’s learning changes. At the same time, the study employed translanguaging methods, seamlessly integrating both languages in the learning and testing process. Pre- and post-tests were conducted, focusing on the names, roles, and responsibilities of the bee colony and the honey-making process. Results indicate that children demonstrated improved knowledge of bees and enhanced English vocabulary acquisition through a translanguaging Montessori approach in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) environment.Keywords: Montessori Method, Bilingual, English as a Foreign Language (EFL), Preschoolers, Translanguagin