62021 research outputs found
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Transporting Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: What is the Role of the the Public Sector?
No full textTransportation of nutritious and affordable food can create both challenges and opportunities for American households. Increasing the availability and consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables is a public health goal for physical health, mental health, financial stability, and other benefits. This raises the question of the public sector’s role in influencing the transportation of nutritious and affordable food. In particular, how can policy help to expand the fresh fruit and vegetable market by influencing distribution. This thesis examines the domestic refrigerated trucking industry and the movement of fresh produce. Based upon available data, this study uses four specialty crops, kale greens, apples, collard greens, and carrots as example commodities, due to their cultural, economic and nutritional significance. The datasets are from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agriculture Marketing Service (AMS). Each commodity reports truck and shipping movement, shipping points, terminal markets, and retail markets. Using multivariate regressions, this data (2010 to 2023) is examined to better understand effects on quantity shipped and the various prices discovered through these supply chains.
Based upon the results, several questions can be answered, such as origins with the highest price and how those correlate to quantity; how the shipping point versus shipping movement prices effect quantity; and what retail markets have the most stores promoting produce. Based upon these answers, broader questions relating to, comparative advantage, consumer preferences, where market imperfections exist, and economic, environmental, and societal sustainability can be addressed. The findings from these questions can help contribute to further inquiry of the public sector’s role in facilitating the transportation of nutritious and affordable food.No embargoAcademic Major: Public Policy Analysi
COVID-19 SPIKE Protein Directly Alters Pulmonary Fibroblast Mediated Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix
No full textThe Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2(ACE2) is the enzyme that the SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to causing mild to moderate respiratory effects also known as Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In some patients COVID-19 can cause severe illness that can even result in death [1]. A higher level of expression of ACE2 has been linked to a greater chance of infection. The role of ACE2 in COVID-19 development has been primarily focused on epithelial cells, but fibroblasts which are involved in the development and remodeling of the extracellular matrix(ECM) could also have an important role. Previous studies have demonstrated that fibroblasts also contain a high level of ACE2 expression [3]. However, there is still a lot that is unknown about the mechanistic effects of higher ACE2 expression in fibroblasts and how that affects how COVID-19 manifests in the body. Specifically, although fibroblasts are the main cell responsible for the development of pulmonary fibrosis, a complication of COVID-19, it is not known how ACE2 expression or SARS-CoV-2 binding alters fibrotic remodeling of the ECM. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the functional significance of ACE2 in fibroblasts and COVID-19 pathogenesis. This will be accomplished by measuring the levels of ECM remodeling in normal and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) fibroblasts in the presence of COVID-19 spike protein, bacterial infection, and Rho-kinase inhibitor. This remodeling will be captured through confocal microscopy and analyzed through finite element analysis. A better understanding of fibroblasts’ contribution to COVID-19 is needed to develop better therapeutics for targeting this disease.A one-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Biomedical Engineerin
The Role of Patient Memory for Treatment Points and Skill Quality in Skill-Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression
No full textCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a first-line treatment for depression, but it would still benefit from improved efficacy. One potential method of increasing its efficacy is through adding memory support strategies to enhance patients’ memory for the content of treatment. Another potential way to increase the efficacy of CBT may be through greater efforts to increase patients’ CBT skills, which may improve the quality of patients’ CBT skills and the outcomes they achieve. In this study, I considered the role of memory for treatment content and skill development while drawing data from a randomized trial comparing CBT and skill-enhanced CBT among 150 adults with major depressive disorder. Averaged across assessments at three sessions (session 3, 6, and 10), patients in skill-enhanced CBT recalled more treatment points than those in the CBT condition. Memory for treatment points at session 3 did not predict subsequent change in depressive symptoms. Similarly, the average treatment points recalled across the sessions examined were not related to change in depressive symptoms from pre- to post-treatment. Finally, patients in the skill-enhanced CBT condition exhibited higher CBT skill quality at posttreatment than the CBT condition, controlling for pretreatment skill quality. This difference remained significant after controlling for memory for treatment points at session 10, but the difference was reduced to a non-significant trend when controlling for memory for treatment points averaged across all timepoints. Taken together, the findings suggest that memory for treatment is enhanced by the use of skill-enhancing strategies in CBT. However, our findings largely failed to support the view that memory enhancement added to or explained the therapeutic benefits of a skill-enhanced treatment.A five-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Psycholog
Computational Study of GPR55 Tertiary Model and Potential Mutation Hotspots
Get PDFThe purpose of the first part of this study is to computationally model theoretical the three-dimensional structures of proteins that interact with cannabinoids. The synthetic cannabinoids, THC and CBD, can interact with G-protein couple receptors (GPCRs). Their primary targets are cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2). A potential cannabinoid receptor 3 (CB3), which is known as the cannabinoid orphan receptor GPR55, has also been shown to interact with THC and CBD. Because GPR55 does not have a known crystal structure, computational methods were used to create a theoretical structure using homology modeling and AlphaFold. Then using docking programs, CBD was docked into both molecules to provide a better understanding of the theoretical structures. The purpose of the second part of this study is to better understand the relationship between the endocannabinoid system and cancer, as links have been suggested in the literature. GPR55 had a total of six hotspots mutations at three different sites, based on analysis of the COSMIC database. Computational models of the R133L and R133W mutants showed potentially significant changes that may affect the overall tertiary structure.No embargoAcademic Major: Biolog
Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix by Adrenocortical Carcinoma to Promote Metastasis
Get PDFAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive endocrine malignancy affecting the adrenal cortex. Treatments such as surgery and chemotherapeutic agents exist to treat the cancer; however, survivability remains low due to their ineffectiveness. Survivability is also low due to the tendency for the disease to metastasis prior to diagnosis. Additionally, it is hard to develop new therapeutics because current animal and many in vitro models are not accurate since they fail to mimic interactions that are seen in vivo. In this project, lung fibroblasts and bronchial epithelial cells will be cultured in a 3D hydrogel to simulate the lung microenvironment and then exposed to regular media or media that was conditioned by ACC cells to see how the ECM is remodeled in distant tissues prior to metastasis. After culturing, histology and staining will be done to evaluate the difference in collagen, and F-actin and smooth muscle from exposure to secreted factors. Additionally, the stiffness of the gel will be calculated through mechanical testing. Finally, this setup will be transferred to a microfluidic device to examine how ACC cell invasion changes when the secondary site is exposed to ACC secreted factors.Undergraduate Honors CommitteeNo embargoAcademic Major: Biomedical Engineerin
CIL 6.38518 – Epitaph for M. Iunius Ferocus, set up by his wife, Iulia Veneria, for themselves, their freedmen and -women and their descendants, 1st century CE
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The Ohio State University Libraries Faculty Meeting Minutes, March 5, 2024
No full textThe University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history
What Makes a STEM Major? Examining Attitudes and Strength-Related Features as Predictors of Pursuing a STEM Education.
Get PDFSenior Thesis Recognition AwardPsychology Research AwardThe current study measured attitudes toward science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) along with attitude strength-related features, and behavioral intentions to pursue education in STEM. It was hypothesized that overall positive attitudes toward STEM subjects will predict behavioral intentions to further pursue STEM education, and that this relationship should be moderated by attitude components related to attitude strength such as ambivalence, certainty, personal importance, and related knowledge. Certainty, importance, and knowledge were hypothesized to amplify this main effect, while ambivalence was hypothesized to weaken it. Attitudes were found to predict respondents’ willingness to pursue STEM education, with more favorable attitudes toward STEM relating to higher intentions of pursuing STEM education. More importantly, ambivalence was found to be a significant moderator in the attitude-intention relationship, such that attitudes better predict intentions when ambivalence is relatively low rather than high. Interaction effects of attitudes with certainty, importance, and knowledge were not found to be significant. The results suggest that having mixed feelings about STEM subjects or careers could deter the pursuit of these majors. Thus, efforts to reduce student ambivalence toward STEM subjects may be an effective method for increasing STEM education pursuit.No embargoAcademic Major: Psycholog
Ohio Union Council Meeting Minutes: April 18, 2024
No full textMinutes of the Ohio Union Council meeting held on April 18, 2024. Topics of discussion included an OUAB update, and an Ohio Union and Student Activities update
