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The relationship of the early life social-emotional environment on childhood BDNF methylation and adrenarche
No full textAdrenarche is hypothesized to provide protection to a rapidly developing brain during this time (6-8 years of age), through increased production of DHEA/S, which has antioxidant properties and supports brain energetics. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) proteins are critical for neurodevelopment and are encoded by the BDNF gene. As such, BDNF gene expression should covary with the timing of adrenarche. Previous research indicates that early life stress and social-emotional environments might affect maturational timing, though few studies have explored adrenarche timing. This analysis tested three hypotheses: 1) more distant and reserved maternal-infant interaction quality is associated with BDNF methylation at 7 years of age, 2) more distant and reserved maternal-infant interaction quality is associated with premature adrenarche, and 3) variation in BDNF methylation at 7 years of age is associated with premature adrenarche. A secondary data analysis of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) compared differences in the methylation of 77 BDNF CpG sites from birth to 7.5 years of age (n=927), the association of BDNF methylation with DHEA-S concentrations at 8.5 years of age (n=162), the association of BDNF methylation with observed maternal-infant interaction quality (n=109), and the association of DHEA-S and observed maternal-infant interaction quality (n=70). Multiple linear regressions showed only significant associations between the first principal component score of BDNF methylation at birth and 7 years of age (p 50 µg/dL) (p<.05). These results indicate that the prenatal period may be more influential on BDNF methylation than postnatal stress. They may also point to a discordance between brain methylation patterns and timing of adrenarche suggesting some individuals may not experience the protective effects of adrenarche during childhood brain development.500 DEM3 Anthropology Research and Development Fund from Anthropology Department, OSUNo embargoAcademic Major: Medical AnthropologyAcademic Major: Neuroscienc
Happy Trails Farm Animal Sanctuary Internship
No full textSTEP Category: InternshipsMy project was an internship at Happy Trails Farm Animal Sanctuary in Ravenna, OH during the summer of 2024. The farm focuses on rescuing, rehabilitating, and rehoming farm animals. I spent about twenty hours per week assisting the animal caregivers with procedures such as fecal tests, bloodwork, and restraint for husbandry procedures (hoof trims, vaccinations, etc.). I also learned the ins and outs of the farm so that I could assist in the daily operations. Since I aspire to be a veterinarian, this project was be extremely valuable in providing me applicable field experience with a broader range of animal species (including, but not limited to, horses, goats, sheep, chickens, pigs, and alpacas). I also learned a lot about animal care from an ethical standpoint, since the farm primarily takes in animals that are abandoned or abused. Ethical dilemmas and interpersonal relations are as important in veterinary medicine as working with animals, so this knowledge will be invaluable to me in my future.The Ohio State University Second-year Transformational Experience Program (STEP)Academic Major: Microbiolog
Influence of Calcium and Magnesium Supplementation on Foal Growth Parameters
Get PDFAdequate nutrition is vital in promoting foal growth and development. Essential minerals such as calcium and magnesium play an important role in this early stage of life. To evaluate the influence of calcium and magnesium supplementation on foal growth and development, eight Quarter Horse foals were blocked by gender (5 males, 3 females) and randomly assigned to a treatment (TRT) or control (CTL) group. Foals and their dams were kept in outdoor group housing at The Ohio State University Equine Facility and had access to shelter, forage, and water ad libitum. A commercial feed supplement was fed in a crossover design for 28d with a 14d washout period between diets. Body weight, body length, body condition score, topline score, wither height, hip height, girth circumference, upper leg length, lower leg length, cannon circumference, toe growth, and hoof width were assessed weekly. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED and PROC CORR in SAS v.9.4. There were no differences in any of the growth measurements due to supplementation (p > 0.05). However, there were several differences in growth measurements due to foal gender. Colts were heavier compared to fillies (458.72 ± 5.56lb vs 409.96 ± 7.18lb, p < 0.0001). Colts were taller at the withers compared to fillies(119.96 ± 0.58cm vs. 115.49 ± 0.75cm, p < 0.0001) but not different in hip height. As expected,
there were several positive correlations among growth measurements. Additional studies with increased periods of supplementation are needed to further evaluate differences in foal growth.No embargoAcademic Major: Animal Science
Supplementary Tables for "Emotional Distress and Access to Mental Healthcare Among First-Generation College Students During the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic"
No full textThe shift to remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic presented significant mental health challenges for college students, particularly for students with minoritized identities. The current study used quantitative and qualitative methods to examine how psychological distress and barriers to mental healthcare shifted for first-generation college students (FGCS) as the pandemic affected campuses in Spring 2020. FGCS across three college settings (N = 314) responded to surveys in December 2019 and again following the onset of the pandemic in May/June 2020. A sub-sample of 28 participants also provided in-depth interviews. Results showed an increase in depressive symptoms and perceived stress following the onset of the pandemic, with Latinx and female FGCS reporting greater increases in stress compared to other groups. FGCS were significantly less confident in their knowledge about where to seek mental health support following the onset of the pandemic, and mental healthcare utilization dropped significantly as well. Interviews highlighted specific stressors contributing to mental health, as well as key barriers to mental healthcare that intensified during the pandemic. These findings inform our understanding of the mental health needs of college students with minoritized identities, and have implications for policies and procedures around provision of mental health services on university campuses
A Speaking Span Test for L2 Japanese Learners
Get PDFThe newly created L2 Japanese Speaking Span Test (L2JSST) was reported in Hattori (2023a). However, its validity was difficult to confirm due to the small sample size and the underdeveloped nature of the field. This paper reports more relevant results on the L2JSST from 30 English-speaking learners of intermediate and advanced Japanese. Our statistical analysis shows that the L2JSST scores are significantly and positively correlated with the Japanese proficiency levels. Given this finding, we believe that the current version of L2JSST can be used to measure English-speaking learners’ working memory capacity in speech production in the same way that the English Speaking Span Tests measure (Daneman and Green 1986, Fortkamp 1999, etc.)
The Moritz Briefing (February 2024)
No full textAn occasional newsletter highlighting recent activities and achievements of the Moritz Faculty
Table of Contents (Volume 39, Number 3, 2024)
No full textPublished in cooperation with the American Bar Association Section of Dispute Resolutio
The Ohio State University Libraries Faculty Meeting Minutes, October 1, 2024
No full textThe University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history