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Associations between Physical Activity Types and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Secondary Analysis
No full textSigma Theta Tau International, Epsilon Chapter, Undergraduate Student Excellence in Scholarship AwardBackground. Nearly one-third of pregnancies are affected by an adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) including preterm birth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and gestational diabetes. Physical activity has been associated with lower risk for developing APOs, but findings are mixed, and the type of physical activity may matter. The purpose of this study is to estimate associations among physical activity types and odds of APO. Methods. This report is a secondary analysis of data collected from the Prenatal Exposures and Preeclampsia Prevention Project (PEPP3) and Pathways to Shortened Gestation Among Black Women Study (PATH). In both, participants completed demographic and behavioral questionnaires during pregnancy, including the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey, and were followed prospectively to determine pregnancy outcomes. Logistic regression models were built using SPSS 28. Results. Participants (n=162) were predominantly Black American (86.3%), aged 25±4.8 years, married or living with their partner (50.6%), had less than a bachelor’s degree (85.2%) and multigravid (62.3%). Adjusting for age, partner status, education, and body mass index, an association between total physical activity and odds of experiencing an APO was not observed (OR=1.11 (0.95-1.0); p=0.20). However, greater occupation activity was marginally associated with greater odds of an APO (OR=1.48 (0.98-2.24); p=0.06). Conclusion. We provide new data suggesting that the relationships among physical activity and odds of APO likely depend upon the type of physical activity and the APO of interest. Among our cohort, greater levels of occupational activity were associated with higher odds of an APO. While more research is needed, such data could have implications for care. For example, while clinicians often discuss the benefits of exercise, its less common to inquire about the physical and mental stressors inherent to some occupational settings. A more holistic perspective may be warranted.A five-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Nursin
Molecular mechanism of activation of human cardiac fibroblasts during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection
Get PDFThough primarily known and studied for its respiratory consequences, the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a.) also causes cardiac pathology during infection. A common cause of nosocomial infections, otherwise known as healthcare-associated infections, P.a. infections are especially threatening to susceptible patient populations. Furthermore, they impose significant financial burdens on both healthcare facilities and their patients every year. These factors, in conjunction with the prevalence of cardiac dysfunction and its vast implications for human health highlight the need to investigate the mechanistic processes behind the pathological manifestations of P.a. in the heart. Studies from our lab revealed P.a. infection causes severe cardiac inflammation and dysfunction in mice, despite limited bacterial load in the heart. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. We hypothesize that inflammatory mediators and bacterial products released into the bloodstream by infected immune cells during pulmonary P.a. infection activate cardiac fibroblasts, enhancing cytokine and chemokine release and driving cardiac inflammation. To test our hypothesis in vitro, we used human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) and cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). We harvested conditioned media (CM) from P.a. infected hMDMs and exposed it to HCFs (P.a. CM). Our data revealed that exposing HCFs to P.a. CM upregulates gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines involved in immune cell recruitment. To further investigate mechanisms controlling key cytokine/chemokine expression in HCFs, we identified a MAPK-JNK as a driver for the induction of CCL2 in HCF. In conclusion, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that during pulmonary P.a. infection, immune cells recruited to the lungs interact with the bacterium and release inflammatory mediators into the bloodstream. These, along with released pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by P.a. bacterium, activate cardiac fibroblasts. This activation enhances the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (such as CCL2), causing recruitment of leukocytes into heart tissue and contributing to severe cardiac inflammation. Ongoing and future studies are needed to dive deeper into the mechanisms of this pathway and show its potential impact in driving cardiac inflammation in vivo.No embargoAcademic Major: Molecular Genetic
The Impact of Different Auditory Distractions on Situation Awareness While Driving
Get PDFHonorable Mention in Engineering and Technology at the Denman Undergraduate Research ForumDriving is a task many people do every day that requires attention and action across a wide range of tasks. Among the numerous distractions drivers encounter daily, auditory distractions are especially common. Although the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s driver distraction guidelines do not specifically include auditory distraction, numerous studies have shown that auditory distractions impair driver performance, likely by increasing the driver’s cognitive workload. The purpose of this study was to increase our understanding of the effects of auditory distractions on cognitive load and situation awareness while driving a car. We examined the impacts of different types of auditory distraction on driving performance, specifically focusing on podcast listening, engaging in conversation, and halfalogue (overhearing only one side of a phone call). Thirty young adults participated in a driving simulation while completing a cognitive task under a quiet control condition and one of the auditory experimental conditions. Situation awareness was measured with a task in which participants were asked to react when they detected realistic and relevant events that commonly occur while driving (e.g., a pedestrian walking toward an intersection). Situation awareness accuracy was analyzed for each auditory experimental condition, along with performance in the quiet control condition. Although statistical significance was not achieved due to small sample size, all three groups exhibited reduced situation awareness while performing the auditory task compared to the control condition, with the halfalogue condition most detrimental to participants’ situation awareness. All auditory conditions also produced slower driving speeds and increased lane-keeping variability. These findings can inform the design of possible mitigating strategies for future automotive vehicles, with a goal to improve driver safety.No embargoAcademic Major: Psycholog
Cities Beyond Crisis: Race, Affect, and Urban Culture in Twenty-First-Century Iberia
No full textThis book is freely available in an open access edition thanks to the generous support of The Ohio State University Libraries.Introduction. Cities in Crisis -- Branding the City -- Taking Shape -- Capturing Community in Lavapiés and Mouraria -- Markets and the Limits of Opposition -- Vision and Opposition -- Conclusion. The Continuity of Crisis
Education of Nursing Assistants on Chlorhexidine Gluconate Bathing Treatment
No full textBackground: Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is caused by pathogenic bacteria or fungi that are often resistant to antibiotics. This situation may lead to prolonged hospital stays, an increased risk of mortality, and higher healthcare costs. To prevent CLABSI, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends cleaning patients with catheters using a daily wash of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and educating staff about infection control measures.
Objective: This quality improvement project aimed to educate patient care associates (PCAs) about the treatment with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG). The three objectives were to: (1) decrease the number of patients who refuse CHG treatment by 50%, (2) raise PCAs' knowledge score to 80% or higher, and (3) maintain zero incidence of CLABSI in the unit.
Methods: PCAs received in-person education on CHG treatment over one week. The DNP student led 15-minute micro-education sessions with 20 PCAs. Each education session comprised 1) a CHG treatment pre-survey, 2) a presentation of the OSUMC CLABSI bundle using PowerPoint slides and highlighting key takeaway points, and 3) a CHG treatment post-survey completed in paper format by the PCAs.
Findings: The results indicated a positive percentage decrease in patients refusing CHG treatment (28.07%); however, this figure fell short of the proposed target of 50%. A comparison of the average scores from pre- and post-implementation surveys of PCAs revealed an increase from 92.5 to 94.6 out of 100. The incidence rate of CLABSI remained at zero, with the last CLABSI case on April 16, 2023.A five-year embargo was granted for this item
Against! Rebellious Daughters in Black Immigrant Fiction in the United States
No full textIntroduction: Against! -- Rebelling in the in-between -- Rebelling against repetition -- Self-destructive rebellion -- Rebelling against stereotypes and confinement -- Conclusion: The future of immigrant Blackness
ORWRP Early Childhood Engagement Strategy
No full textCourse Code: ENR 4900.01The leading priority of this capstone project was to develop an Early Childhood Engagement Strategy Plan. The structure of this plan was designed to consider all necessary components of expanding the ORWRP’s capacity to host K-5 youth programming. Goals 1-6
of the plan align with grades K-5 and serve to identify state scientific learning standards applicable to wetland science and describe specific examples of on-site engagement. Goal 7 summarizes K-5 learning standards for three subject areas: math, writing, and reading, which ORWRP staff can utilize in tandem with the findings of Goals 1-6 or use to produce independent engagement ideas. Additionally, the strategic plan references Appendices A-D, which contain expanded information to guide the
implementation of the aforementioned goals, including: Benchmarking, Funding Resources, Site Modifications, and Potential Partners, respectively.Academic Major: Natural Resource ManagementAcademic Major: Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlif
Response to Progress and the Taking of Indigenous Land by Ezra Rosser: The Truth About Midkiff Justifies Kelo's Reversal
Get PDFAmika Emissions Factor Reduction Strategies for Hotspot Ingredients
No full textCourse Code: AEDE 4567The goal of this project was to reduce the emissions factors for eight of amika’s high-impact ingredients. These ingredients include: (1) fatty alcohol from coconut oil, (2) denatured alcohol, (3) isododecane, (4) hydrofluorocarbon 152a, (5) cetearyl and cetyl alcohol, (6) glycerin, (7) cyclopentasiloxane, and (8) disiloxane. To achieve this goal, our team explored three approaches to reducing ingredient emissions factors: (1) find a more accurate emissions factor match, (2) recommend a low-emission supplier of the same ingredient, or (3) recommend a new ingredient altogether. We are confident the insights from our research will help the amika sustainability team reduce ingredient emissions and make notable progress toward their 2035 net zero goal.Academic Major: Environment, Economy, Development, and SustainabilityAcademic Major: World Politic