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Emotion Classification from Facial Images as a Meta-Sapiens Task
Get PDFIn this paper, we propose discrete emotion classification from facial images as a new downstream task for Sapiens, Meta’s state-of-the-art human-vision foundational model. Currently, Sapiens only focuses on the physical aspects of human vision such as pose estimation and body part segmentation. Our model, MotivNet, extends Sapiens' human understanding and attempts to recognize underlying nuances conveyed by human physiognomy. We define three criteria to evaluate MotivNet's viability as a Sapiens task: benchmark performance, model similarity, and data similarity. Throughout this paper, we describe the components of MotivNet, our training approach, and our results compared to current benchmarks. We show that MotivNet achieved results comparable to existing benchmarks and meets the listed criteria, validating MotivNet as a downstream task and pushing forward Sapiens' capabilities as a human-centric model.A one-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Computer Science and Engineerin
Impacting Well-being and Resiliency of Pediatric Critical-Care Nurses through Implementation of MINDBODYSTRONG©
No full textBackground: Growing numbers of clinicians are dealing with mental and behavioral health issues such as burnout, depression, and suicidal ideation. Prevalence in pediatric critical-care nurses is reported to be as high as 42% to 77%.
Purpose: The purpose of this evidence-based quality improvement project was to implement a cognitive behavioral skills-building (CBSB) program to improve well-being and resiliency in pediatric critical-care nurses.
Implementation Plan: The 7-week MINDBODYSTRONG© (MBS) program was implemented with two cohorts of neonatal/pediatric critical nurses in a 222-bed academic, tertiary care pediatric hospital, using a virtual platform and offering 1 sequential session per week. Participants were asked to complete anonymous baseline and post-program surveys that included the following measures: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS4), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), and the Single Item Measure of Burnout. Post program surveys also included a MBS program evaluation.
Results: 15 RNs registered for and completed the MBS program. 93.3% completed both the baseline and post-program surveys. Results demonstrated clinical effects across all four mental health measures with large effects noted in the GAD-2 and PSS-4 and small effects noted in the PHQ-2 and the Single Item Measure of Burnout. 100% of participants found MBS helpful and recommended that it be offered to a wider audience.
Conclusion: Implementation of a CBSB program demonstrated clinical effectiveness on measures of anxiety, perceived stress, depression, and burnout in pediatric critical-care nurses. It was well-received by participants. Strategies for broader implementation should be explored.A three-year embargo was granted for this item
Implementing an Evidence-Based Smoking Cessation Referral Toolkit in a High-Risk Lung Cancer Screening Clinic
No full textBackground: Smoking is the leading modifiable risk factor for lung cancer. Although the benefits of smoking cessation are well documented, referrals to smoking cessation programs
remain inconsistent. Barriers include a lack of provider knowledge regarding the integration of referral programs into practice and insufficient infrastructure to support tobacco cessation.
Ensuring that referrals are made to smoking cessation programs is a crucial step in promoting smoking cessation among high-risk patients.
Purpose: This project aimed to implement a provider-driven smoking cessation referral toolkit to increase smoking cessation referrals and improve billing practices within a high-risk
population.
Methods: A smoking cessation referral toolkit was developed alongside an educational session to (1) train providers on the 5As communication technique to enhance referrals and
(2) ensure accurate documentation and billing for cessation counseling. Providers received a templated electronic progress note to facilitate smoking cessation discussions, and a
centralized digital repository was created for easy toolkit access.
Outcomes: High-risk patient visits offer an ideal chance for smoking cessation education and referrals. Utilizing a provider-driven, evidence-based toolkit improved smoking cessation
referrals and enhanced billing practices. Referral rates increased from 12.8% (Jan 2024) to 33.3% (Jan 2025) and from 16.0% (Feb 2024) to 34.5% (Feb 2025). Proper billing for
smoking cessation counseling (CPT code 99406) also improved, rising from 70.2% to 85.2% (Jan) and from 76.0% to 100% (Feb).
Conclusion: A structured approach, including provider education, communication strategies, and documentation tools, can enhance smoking cessation referrals and optimize reimbursement opportunities, ultimately improving patient outcomes.A five-year embargo was granted for this item
Synthesis and Evaluation of Benzylsulfide Quinone Methide Precursors for the Treatment of Organophosphorus Exposure
Get PDFOrganophosphorus (OP) compounds are a class of toxic compounds which are used throughout the world as pesticides, and unfortunately also for terrorism. These compounds exert their toxicity by covalently inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). AChE is responsible for hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). OP compounds covalently inhibit the catalytic serine responsible for performing the normal hydrolysis of ACh. When hydrolysis of ACh is disrupted, the neurotransmitter builds up within synapses, leading to an overstimulation of nerve signaling and a set of symptoms known as cholinergic crisis. These symptoms affect cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous system functions which, if not treated appropriately or quickly, eventually leads to death.
Current treatments for OP poisoning include oximes which can reverse the effects of some OP exposure, a process termed reactivation of the OP-inhibited forms. However, oximes are limited in their efficacy against the many different OP-inhibited forms of AChE. Furthermore, following OP inhibition, a secondary process can occur, called aging, where a spontaneous O-dealkylation occurs. Oximes are ineffective at recovering (resurrecting) native activity from the OP-aged forms of AChE. These gaps in efficacy reveal the need for novel therapeutics that can perform both reactivation of OP-inhibited and resurrection of OP-aged AChE. Previous work from our lab has shown the ability of quinone methide precursors (QMPs) to perform resurrection of OP-aged AChE and reactivation of OP-inhibited AChE. In this thesis, we will also evaluate another cholinesterase enzyme, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE).
From our previous work, it has been shown that phenol and pyridin-3-ol QMPs with different substitutions at the 4-position (phenol) or analogous 6-position (pyridin-3-ol) have proven effective in reactivation as well as some resurrection of phosphylated AChE, but optimization is needed to fill gaps for broad-scope efficacy. In this work, we demonstrate the synthesis of a chemical library of benzylsulfide QMPs with varying electronic properties on the peripheral benzylsulfide ring. Substituents were chosen to increase the binding affinity of the QMPs and to gain insight into the electronic effects of the peripheral ring and binding, along with structure-activity relationships. This library of 100 QMPs were evaluated against 6 OP-inhibited and 2 OP-aged forms of AChE and BChE. Many QMP compounds showed broad-scope reactivation of AChE and BChE, with therapeutics capable of an impressive >20% reactivation of OEt-, OiPr-, OCy-, (OEt)(NMe2)- and EP-inhibited forms of both AChE and BChE after 1 hour of incubation and with a concentration of 250 µM. Analysis of structure-activity trends reveals that benzylsulfide QMPs with strong electron-withdrawing substituents provide the most efficacy against all OP-inhibited forms. We identify 13 as the lead framework that has the most broad-scope efficacy for OP-inhibited AChE and BChE reactivation, noting there is high specificity for the amine substituent on the QMP between AChE and BChE. Unfortunately, low percentages of resurrection of OP-aged forms were observed, but the demonstration of resurrection indicates these benzylsulfide compounds are promising leads to optimize for potentially elucidating more success in resurrection.No embargoAcademic Major: Chemistr
Securing Fragile Cargo in Modern Electric Vehicle Storage Space - FrunkFlex
No full textHuman Experience (The Ohio State University Denman Undergraduate Research Forum)As electric vehicles (EVs) become more prominent in the automotive market, manufacturers are introducing front trunks, or "frunks," as additional storage solutions. However, many existing vehicle storage options are bulky, aesthetically unappealing, and primarily offered by third-party retailers. My project, FrunkFlex, addresses this gap by developing a retractable strap system that secures items in the frunk while maintaining flexibility, ease of use, and integration with the vehicle's design. The goal is to increase the functionality of this unique cargo space while ensuring items remain secure during transport.
To explore potential design solutions, I conducted primary and secondary research, including interviews with potential users and market analysis of existing storage solutions. My initial focus was on artists transporting fragile and expensive supplies, but the project evolved to accommodate a broader audience. Prototyping helped refine the design, ensuring it was intuitive and effective. The final prototype was developed using flexible and cushioned materials to balance durability with adaptability.
Through formative assessments, I tested how different storage solutions affected organizational speed and efficiency. I found that users prioritized container size over color-coding when organizing items. These insights informed the final FrunkFlex design, which offers a streamlined, space-efficient storage method. The project was further refined through industry feedback from our partners at Honda Research and Development, ensuring it aligns with both user needs and manufacturer requirements.
FrunkFlex reimagines storage in EVs by providing a secure, adaptable, and integrated solution for frunk storage. While the initial design prioritized a niche audience, market research led to a more universal approach. This project highlights the balance between user-centered design and market viability, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions as EV adoption grows. Future iterations could explore modularity and additional material advancements to further enhance usability.Honda Automotive Research and DevelopmentNo embargoAcademic Major: Industrial Desig
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Cytotoxic Secondary Metabolites in Cytotoxic Extracts and Fractions of Hernandia voyronii
No full textCancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In 2022 alone, 20 million new cases of cancer were diagnosed, and 9.7 million cancer-related deaths occurred worldwide. The threat of cancer is only growing, as there are projected to be 29.9 million new cancer cases and 15.3 million cancer-related deaths by 2040. Furthermore, current cancer treatments do not effectively address the needs for all patients, and the treatments that are available are often harmful, causing many serious and detrimental side effects. Therefore, new and non-toxic treatment options are needed to address this growing health crisis to ensure better health outcomes for all patients.
Natural products have a long history of being a successful source for cancer treatments with 74% of all new chemical entities for cancer from 1981 to 2002 having their roots in natural products, making them a promising starting point for improved treatment options. For example, paclitaxel (Taxol) and etoposide, both widely utilized anti-cancer drugs, are originally derived from natural products.
In this study, the plant Hernandia voyronii was identified as a potential natural product of interest due to its use in traditional medicine in Madagascar as a treatment for fever, malaria, hepatitis, digestive problems, cancer-like symptoms, and wounds. Extraction and fractionation of Hernandia voyronii led to the identification of several fractions active against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines using an antiproliferation assay. Fractions of interest were further purified using various chromatographic methods yielding 8 compounds identified as perillaldehyde (1), perillic acid (2), (S)-3-hydroxyperillaldehyde (3), methylpluviatolide (4), dimethylmatairesinol (5), arctigenin (6), (-)-kusunokinin (7), and 3’-demethylarctigenin (8). Isolated compounds were structurally elucidated using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra analysis and comparison with data published in the literature. Optical rotation testing is needed to determine the exact stereochemistry of the isolated compounds; however, current stereochemistry assignments were made based on comparison with published NMR data. The antiproliferative activities of compounds 1-4 were evaluated against HCC cell lines.No embargoAcademic Major: Pharmaceutical Science
Supplementary Materials for "Making for one another: Design-based making and positive youth development"
No full textTwo animated GIF image files of network emergence diagrams, which change over time.Research data from a multi-week youth program, comprising photos of objects made and transcripts of youths' presentations of those objects were analyzed through the lens of network emergence, resulting in these network emergence diagrams. Diagrams visualize relationships and interactions between youth as they identified and worked on problems through design-based making; also visualized are quantities and types of design-based making
From Homespace to Homeland: An Explanation for the Russian Invasion of Ukraine Research Thesis
Get PDFIn this thesis, I seek to understand why Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022. To answer this question, I draw on ontological security and recognition theory to analyze Russia’s relations vis-à-vis the West, NATO, and Ukraine. I conclude that since the end of the Cold War Russia has held a hubristic self-identity. Moscow believes it is a great power entitled to a sphere of influence in post-Soviet states, particularly in Ukraine. However, I argue that this quest for recognition did not necessitate a confrontational approach. I maintain that, from the 1990s to 2008, Russia embraced a homespace discourse, seeking to manage its anxiety and gain recognition through cooperation and engagement with the West. However, continued NATO expansion in spite of Russian protestations led Moscow to slowly embrace a homeland discourse, causing it to seek to isolate itself from outside threats and to take a more confrontational approach. Following the 2014 Ukraine crisis, tensions continued to build until Russia fully embraced homeland discourse. Moscow no longer believed that cooperation would lead to recognition of its hubristic identity. Rather, the Kremlin believed that only violence could bring about Western recognition of Russia’s great power identity. Therefore, the invasion of Ukraine is an attempt by Russia to gain recognition for its hubristic identity as a great power by asserting its sphere of influence over Kyiv. Additionally, the findings of this thesis provide a more salient explanation for the current Russia-Ukraine war than other explanations.No embargoAcademic Major: Political ScienceAcademic Major: PhilosophyAcademic Major: Arabi
Addressing Burnout in Primary Care: A Quality Improvement Project
No full textThis paper explores a quality improvement initiative aimed at reducing burnout among primary care providers through the implementation of an electronic health record (EHR) in-basket coverage system for providers on leave. By employing a team-based approach, the project sought to alleviate stress and improve well-being among providers, ensuring they can fully disconnect during time off. Utilizing the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle, the initiative was conducted in a family medicine department within a large academic medical center. Three advanced practice providers (APPs) facilitated the change, supported by departmental leadership. Outcomes showed that an in-basket coverage system can reduce provider burnout symptoms. The results, to be disseminated through internal and external channels, emphasize the potential of structured in-basket management systems to significantly improve provider well-being.A five-year embargo was granted for this item
The Relationship Between Perceived and Measured Walkability, Travel Satisfaction, and Attitudes: An Exploratory Study in Columbus, Ohio
Get PDFThe global climate is increasingly stressed by emissions from human activity, many of which are produced by automobile transportation. It is therefore critical to consider ways to rapidly shift travel behavior to more sustainable modes of transportation like walking, biking, and public transportation, which produce much lower greenhouse gas emissions than car travel. This research focuses on walkability, which is considered a key determinant of whether urban travelers engage in walking and are willing to shift from car travel to walking. It is broadly assumed that an urban environment that scores high on “objective” walkability metrics leads to more walking. However, the strength of this link is influenced by a range of different factors, including attitudes, travel satisfaction, current mode choices, and the traveler’s own perception of the walkability. Using data from an empirical study of travelers in Columbus, this research examines two overall questions: First, how the relationship between a common walkability measure and perceived walkability is moderated by the traveler’s mode use and attitudes, and second, how the effect of walkability on satisfaction differs by mode use and attitudes. These findings contribute to the understanding of the role walkability plays in travel mode choice and satisfaction and offer insights for urban planning and sustainable transportation initiatives.No embargoAcademic Major: Environment, Economy, Development, and Sustainabilit