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Investigating Wash Off of Fines from Aggregate Used in Permeable Pavement Construction: Implications for Long-Term Function
No full textPermeable pavements are a widely implemented green infrastructure (GI) practice used to reduce urban runoff and filter pollutants. While research has shown permeable pavements improve water quality, little attention has been given to the effects of construction materials used in these systems and their effects on effluent quality. A few studies have noted potential sediment wash off from aggregates immediately following construction (i.e., a start-up effect), which this study assessed using a controlled laboratory study with 12 PVC columns. Each column contained layered limestone aggregate and a concrete paver to model typical permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP) systems, one type of permeable pavement. Four treatments were evaluated in triplicate: two flow rates (high [37.85 liters per hour] and low [3.785 liters per hour]) and aggregate sourced from two different quarries. Effluent from simulated storm events was analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS) and particle size distribution (PSD). For the first simulated storm event, effluent TSS concentrations ranged from 941.43-2402.94 mg/L. A sharp decline in effluent TSS was observed within the first 6 storm events for every treatment, with initial decay trending toward a final horizontal asymptote for TSS concentrations. After nearly the equivalent of one year of rainfall, TSS concentrations in three of the four treatments remained above the average PICP effluent concentration of 22 mg/L from a database of field studies of permeable pavements, suggesting extensive, continued sediment wash-off. PSD did not change significantly over time and exhibited few differences across treatments. These findings underscore the importance of refining aggregate preparation techniques to reduce sediment wash off following permeable pavement construction, thereby reducing effluent TSS concentrations, limiting clogging at the underlying soil interface, and improving long-term infiltration capacity. This research provides valuable insights to optimizing PICP design and construction practices for urban stormwater management.A one-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Environmental Scienc
Reducing the Unnecessary Use of Epinephrine for Chemotherapy Hypersensitivity Reactions: An Evidence-Based DNP Project
Full text linkBackground: Hypersensitivity reactions are common in oncology infusion units where high-risk chemotherapy/immunotherapy treatments are given. Establishing clinical guidelines for the management of hypersensitivity reactions is important to ensure reactions are managed appropriately.
Purpose: The purpose of this project was to accurately identify and rank the severity of chemotherapy/immunotherapy-induced hypersensitivity to reduce overtreatment with epinephrine as a rescue medication for suspected hypersensitivity infusion reactions.
The objectives were 1) determine the frequency of epinephrine used as a rescue medication to treat a hypersensitivity reaction as a result of a chemotherapy/ immunotherapy infusion for people diagnosed with cancer and 2) evaluate the compliance in completion of event reports correlating with the actual number of hypersensitivity reactions occurring after the administration of chemotherapy/immunotherapy in the patient safety reporting system before and after the intervention.
Methods: The quality improvement project was implemented on a 15-bed oncology infusion unit staffed by seven nurses. An evidence-based decision tree tool was utilized to educate staff in the effective management of hypersensitivity reactions. Education was provided on the importance of reporting hypersensitivity reactions in the patient safety reporting system. Frequencies were analyzed for pre- and post-intervention aggregate data.
Results: Findings showed a 53.8% reduction in the unnecessary use of epinephrine for hypersensitivity reactions and a 37% increase in PSRS event reports post intervention. Conclusion: The understanding of grading hypersensitivity reactions and the consequences of
administering epinephrine led to the reduction of the unnecessary use of epinephrine. Educating staff on the importance of PSRS events increased the reporting of hypersensitivity reactions.No embarg
PRMT5 Genetic Interactions with DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Genes
No full textHomologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) are important pathways for repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are critical for the maintenance of genomic stability. A hallmark of cancer cells is that they frequently harbor genetic mutations within the components of HR and NHEJ repair pathways, leading to genomic instability. Recent evidence suggests that targeting cancer cells with genetic defects in one repair pathway by inhibiting an alternate pathway offers therapeutic potential. Thus, investigating co-occurring mutations between genes offers insights into potential therapeutic avenues. PRMT5 is a protein arginine methyltransferase involved in chromatin remodeling and DSB repair, primarily through regulating the HR pathway. This study conducted a pan-cancer analysis with twenty-seven DSB repair genes, including the breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, and the checkpoint genes, ATM and ATR. This pan-cancer analysis reveals that PRMT5 mutations frequently co-occur with these genes, particularly in cancers with high mutation burdens such as colorectal, lung, and skin cancers, suggesting that PRMT5 contributes to the destabilization of the DNA repair machinery, which promotes cellular transformation and immortalization. Remarkably, we observed a negative interaction between PRMT5 mutations and KAT5, a gene involved in chromosome remodeling. Chromosome remodeling is required for preparing broken ends for the HR machinery, and it precedes it. These co-mutations emphasize the role of PRMT5 as a critical modulator of DNA repair and propose its potential as a therapeutic target, particularly in cancers with KAT5 deficiencies. Inhibition of PRMT5 could potentially enhance the vulnerability of cancer cells with pre-existing KAT5 or other chromosome remodeling defects, presenting new opportunities for targeted cancer therapy.OSU James Comprehensive Cancer Center (Ruben Petreaca)NCI grant (R03CA276967) to Ruben Petreaca and Renee BouleyOSU Second-year Transformative Experience ProgramNo embargoAcademic Major: Biolog
The Fifth Annual James R. Wright, Jr., MD, PhD Lecture
No full text2025 James R. Wright, Jr., MD, PhD Lecture, "Residency Training in the United States: Past, Present, Future", featuring Kenneth Ludmerer, MD, Professor of History and Medicine, Mabel Dorn Reeder Distinguished Professor in the History of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, April 10, 2025, Prior Hall, Room 550, The Ohio State University Medical Center Campus, Columbus, Ohio.This presentation discusses the origins and evolution of the residency system in U.S. medical education. Residency training is presented in both its educational and cultural context, and the relationship between the quality of residency training and the quality of patient care is described. The talk concludes with a discussion of current issues and dilemmas in residency training
A Bayesian Hierarchical Model of Task-Based Neuroimaging Data
Full text linkWe develop and implement a hierarchical Bayesian model of task-based neuroimaging data.No embargoAcademic Major: StatisticsAcademic Major: Mathematic
Hands That Heal, Hearts That Decide: Midwives as Medical and Legal Translators in Senegal
Full text linkAs I will show, the implementation of global health and reproductive policies can create “productive misunderstandings” (Livingston, 2016) where the individual health providers, in this case the midwife, act as the judiciary. “Productive misunderstandings” arise when a conflict or lack of definition between two entities creates room for new insights, ideas, or solutions. Because the two entities at play have different definitions or goals that don’t entirely incorporate each other, their interactions create a gap of misunderstandings. It is within this wiggle room where policy is not so strictly defined that we can understand how a midwife has the power to shape patient care experiences through their interpretation of that misunderstanding.No embargoAcademic Major: Medical Anthropolog
Brave Humanism: Black Women Rewriting the Human in the Age of Jane Crow
No full textIntroduction: The brave humanism of Black women writers -- Of one blood: blood brotherhood in the Black woman's era -- No sanctuary: plagiarism, primitivism, and the politics of recognition -- Folk in the flesh: insides, outsides, and the object of anthropology -- Networks of care: sentiment, sociology, and the protest fiction debate -- Renaissance women: vision and vulnerability in the Black Chicago renaissance -- Coda: Bravery and the backlash: Lorraine Hansberry at the forum
Molar Histology in Mangabeys and Guenons: Exploring the Relationship Between Enamel Prism Angle Variation and Diet
Full text linkUnderstanding relationships between diet and tooth structure is of central concern in biological anthropology. Such relationships form the basis of dietary inference for fossil species. It has been suggested that the angle at which tooth enamel prisms approach tooth wear surfaces may be associated with different foods types. High angles have been hypothesized to confer greater enamel stiffness and are thought to be associated with hard-object feeding, or durophagy. Conversely, low angles are thought to confer abrasion resistance, which could indicate abrasive foods and/or grit adhering to foods.
We investigated prism angles in molars of two extant mangabey species’ samples: Lophocebus albigena and Cercocebus atys, whose diets are documented by extensive field data. L. albigena prefer soft fruits, falling back on hard seeds during periods of scarcity. By contrast, C. atys feeds on hard seeds year-round. For comparison, we investigated prism angles in Cercopithecus cephus, C. diana and C. petaurista, none of which consume hard foods.
Molars were sectioned using standard protocols and imaged with a Motic BA 310 Microscope with a Moticam camera. ImageJ FIJI was used to measure prism angles relative to wear surfaces on “functional” cusps (i.e., those involved in crushing and grinding).
Our results show that upper functional cusp angles of C. atys (N = 13) averaged 55.3 degrees, those of L. albigena (N = 11) averaged 39.5 degrees, and those of the pooled Cercopithecus sample (N = 11) averaged 37.0 degrees. A repeated measures regression analysis of upper functional cusps was used to test for fixed effects of tooth, genus, and tooth-genus interaction on prism angle. Only genus was found to be statistically significant. Pairwise comparisons from this model revealed statistically significant differences in prism angles between C. atys and L. albigena as well as between C. atys and the pooled Cercopithecus sample. There was no statistically significant difference between L. albigena and Cercopithecus. These results suggest that the prism angles of a fallback hard-object feeder can be more similar to those of soft-object feeders than to those of an habitual hard-object feeder, indicating that the correspondence between durophagy and enamel microstructure is not straightforward.No embargoAcademic Major: Anthropolog
Five Lined Skink Resiliency - A Collaboration with the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium
Full text linkCourse Code: ENR 4900.01This Capstone project aims to set a framework for Five Lined Skink Resiliency in Franklin County, Ohio and beyond. Beginning as a foundation, this semester’s work primarily focused on gathering relevant materials and references, spreading awareness, and setting up future groups who continue this project with the knowledge necessary to bring about efficient and effective resilience for Five Lined Skinks.Academic Major: Environmental ScienceAcademic Major: Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlif
Spectral Analysis for Estimating CO₂ Levels in Earth's Atmosphere
No full textEffectively measuring and tracking atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations is vital for comprehending the effects of global climate change. Carbon dioxide (CO2), as a key greenhouse gas, significantly influences the regulation of Earth's climate system. Conventional techniques for assessing CO2 levels frequently require intricate instruments and face various logistical challenges. In this study, we will propose a simple, cost-effective method for estimating CO2 abundance in the atmosphere by analyzing the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of absorption features within near-infrared transmission spectra. Utilizing two atmospheric modeling tools—NASA’s Planetary Spectrum Generator (PSG) and the petitRADTRANS (pRT) package—simulations were produced across selected wavelength regions between 1.0–2.4 µm, focusing on regions with less external contamination from other common molecules such as H₂O and CH₄. Various CO2 mixing ratios and air mass values were applied, and real-world data from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) was used for comparison. Results showed a positive, consistent correlation between AUC and CO₂ abundance across both simulation tools, although PSG seemed to overestimate AUC values at generally higher concentrations relative to pRT. The influence of air mass further validated the method’s reliability, and contamination from H₂O proved to be minimal in the chosen regions. These discoveries suggest that AUC analysis is a valid and efficient alternative for CO₂ estimation, potentially minimizing the need for aforesaid complex instrumentation. The method's consistency across tools emphasizes its potential for application in future atmospheric and exoplanetary applications.No embargoAcademic Major: Earth Science