62021 research outputs found
Sort by
Probability of Perioral Touch or Steady Chin Pressure Enhancing Feeding Engagement in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease
No full textBackground/Purpose: Many infants with complex congenital heart disease (CCHD) have feeding difficulties. This study aimed to describe how common feeder oral support interventions influence feeding engagement in infants with CCHD undergoing surgical intervention.
Theoretical framework: Thoyre’s Dynamic Systems framework was used to assess the potential effect of feeder support on infant behavioral response.
Methods: This descriptive case study included neonates ≥ 37 weeks gestation following surgery for single- or two-ventricle conditions and with low engagement in the first post-operative feeding. The Dynamic Early Feeding Skills Assessment Tool measured infant engagement and feeder intervention (perioral touch and steady chin/face pressure) in videorecorded feedings. Lag sequential analysis was used to examine the probability of feeder behavior altering infant engagement.
Results: Data from 12 single-ventricle and 9 two-ventricle infants was analyzed. Among single-ventricle infants, feeder steady pressure showed no change in low engagement in 10/12 infants, and two with 20% and 100% probabilities of disengagement/distress. Feeder oral touch showed no change in low engagement in 9/12 infants, with three showing 8-100% probabilities of subsequent disengagement/distress. Among two-ventricle infants, feeder steady pressure resulted in no change in 8/9 infants, with one showing a 50% probability of subsequent disengagement/distress. Feeder oral touch resulted in no change in 7/9 infants, with one showing a 25% probability of disengagement/distress, and one showing a 33% probability of a subsequent brief distress cue.
Conclusions: Common feeder interventions may not enhance feeding engagement in infants with either single- or two-ventricle CCHD. Further research is needed to develop interventions promoting successful feeding in this vulnerable population.This project was funded by NIH/NINR 1F31NR018586-01.A five-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Nursin
Synthesis of a Bone Marrow-Mimicking Hydrogel for Maintaining Leukemic Cells In Vitro
Full text linkTraditional 2D cell culture techniques, while cost-efficient and simple to perform, do not allow for cancer heterogeneity and cell-cell interactions as is seen with in vivo environments. With the rise of 3D cell culture via methods like hydrogels and microfluidic devices, these more complex cell interactions become possible and can better recapitulate the microenvironments seen in native tissue. Our goal was to generate a 3D in vitro model of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that could be deployed in future applications such as drug development and screening studies. To understand these 3D systems better, a hyaluronic acid and gelatin-based hydrogel system was modified to modulate its physical properties. This modified hydrogel, along with the AML MOLM-13 cell line, was used to test cell viability in varying hydrogel formulas, after which drug screens using cytarabine and daunorubicin, two drugs that have been used clinically to treat AML. The MOLM-13 cell line saw the highest viability in the decreased concentration hydrogel through LIVE/DEAD analysis compared to the high and standard concentrations. In the low-concentration hydrogels, cytarabine showed no significant difference in toxicity compared to the control population, while daunorubicin showed dose-dependent toxicity with increasing drug concentration. These findings are the first step in developing an accurate bone-marrow mimicking system to better understand AML onset and progression.National Institutes of HealthOhio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterNo embargoAcademic Major: Biomedical Engineerin
Forecasting Asteroseismic Detectability and Temperature Recovery for the Roman Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey
Full text linkThe Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey (GBTDS) of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will take high-cadence data of the Galactic bulge. We investigate the asteroseismic potential of this survey for red giants. We simulate the detectability of global asteroseismic frequencies, \numax\ and \dnu, by modifying \textit{Kepler} data to match nominal GBTDS observing strategies, considering different noise models, observing cadences, and detection algorithms. Our baseline case, using conservative assumptions, consistently leads to asteroseismic \numax\ detection probabilities above 80\% for red clump and red giant branch stars brighter than 16th magnitude in Roman's F146 filter. For \dnu\ we find detection rates for RGB stars where \numax\ has been detected of 71\% and 47\% with 7.5- and 15-minute cadences, respectively. For the red clump, the corresponding detection rates are 24\% and 5\%. With the limiting factor being our ability to detect \dnu, we then turn to studying our ability to obtain measurements of \teff\ in the Galactic bulge to make use of the asteroseismic scaling relations in the absence of \dnu\ measurements. We use confirmed oscillating red giants found in TESS, XGBoost, and APOGEE as a test bed to determine the reliability of XGboost and Gaia in the Galactic bulge. We find good agreement between XGBoost spectroscopic measurements. For TESS fields with low extinciton, we also find good agreement with \teff\ inferred from Gaia and 2MASS photometry. The reliability of photometrically derived \teff\ dwindles rapidly with increasing extinction, suggesting errors in the assumed E(B-V) or extinction law.NASA award 80NSSC24K0091The Ohio State University Department of AstronomyThe Ohio State University College of Arts and Sciences Undergraduate Research ScholarshipNo embargoAcademic Major: Astronomy and Astrophysic
When Employers Recruit Felons: Exploitation or Opportunity?
No full textThis study explores employer recruitment as a pathway to job obtainment for formerly incarcerated men. It analyzes 20 jobs obtained by 17 individuals, highlighting how more nontraditional hiring methods, including social media, flyers in transitional housing, and serendipitous conversations, lead to individuals successful employment outcomes. While some roles were lower paid, they often served as stepping stones. However, most jobs offered relatively decent wages and opportunities for upward mobility, and resulted in high job satisfaction. These findings challenge the bleak dominant narrative of a labor market and suggest that employer-driven hiring can expand access to meaningful employment, promote economic inclusion, and support individuals in rebuilding their lives.Undergraduate Research Apprenticeship ProgramA three-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Criminology and Criminal Justice StudiesAcademic Major: Sociolog
Comparing Near-Surface and Subsurface Conditions to Determine Impacts of Green Spaces in Urban/Suburban Areas
Full text linkAs urbanization continues to increase globally, so too does the expansion of impervious surfaces like asphalt. Urban areas are associated with buildings built close together, high population density, and large areas of impervious concrete and asphalt. These characteristics, along with many others, tend to increase near-surface and subsurface temperatures as compared with nearby rural environments. This is known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The UHI affects individuals living in cities by impacting their health, raising cooling costs, and increasing heat stress on infrastructure. The UHI is caused by changes in surface radiation flux due to anthropogenic surface materials. The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of asphalt and grass surfaces on radiation flux, near-surface temperature, and soil moisture to assess the importance of green space in urban settings. This study will identify the advantages of urban vegetation. Specifically, these data were measured over a two-week period during October, in Dublin, Ohio which is just outside of Columbus. This study quantified how different land covers influenced the local microclimate and UHI. This study found that asphalt was on average 0.37°C warmer than grass, with a maximum daytime difference of +1.41°C and nighttime difference of -1.48°C. Grass lost more soil moisture daily (0.0215%) compared to asphalt (0.0085%), and absorbed significantly more moisture during rainfall, peaking at 0.214 m³/m³ versus asphalt’s 0.17 m³/m³. Although radiation data were likely flawed, asphalt showed higher outgoing shortwave radiation than grass, contrary to expected albedo-based behavior. Despite these differences, temperature and soil moisture data between surfaces showed strong correlations but statistical differences. These findings provide valuable information for urban planning and climate adaptation strategies for the future development of cities.No embargoAcademic Major: Atmospheric Science
Interview of Dana Travis Middleton by Taylor Booghier and Daisy Roberts
No full textRemote interview.Dana Travis Middleton discusses his time at Ohio State as a student from the fall of 1967 through the fall of 1968. He discusses his involvement in the Black Student Union and the issues the BSU was trying at that time to address to make campus more inclusive and equitable for Black students. In particular, he talks about his participation as a BSU member in the April 1968 sit-in at the Administrations Building, now known as Bricker Hall. This interview was one of 15 conducted by students in English 4567 (Rhetoric and Community Service) to capture as many stories as possible from former Ohio State students associated with the 1968 sit-in that led to the arrests of 34 Black students, now known as the “OSU 34.” Middleton talks about the negative impact the arrest had on his academic career, his relationship with his family, and his job opportunities. Finally, he talks about the lasting positive impact the sit-in had on the OSU community.
To view video recordings of 2018 interviews of four students talking about the events of 1968, please go to http://go.osu.edu/CarmenCollection1968
Implementing Cyclic Sighing to Reduce Adolescent Anxiety: A Quality Improvement Project
Full text linkAdolescent anxiety is a significant public health concern that impacts mental well-being, academic performance, and social interactions. While traditional pharmacological treatments are commonly used, they may present challenges related to accessibility, adherence, and side effects, highlighting the need for non-pharmacological interventions. This quality improvement project evaluated the effectiveness of cyclic sighing, a controlled breathing technique involving two consecutive inhales followed by a prolonged exhale, in reducing anxiety among adolescents in an inpatient psychiatric setting. The intervention was implemented through a structured educational session, with staff reinforcement to facilitate sustainability. Anxiety levels were measured using a validated Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for anxiety before and after the intervention. A paired t-test analysis indicated a significant reduction in mean anxiety scores, from 5.6 (SD = 1.96) to 3.8 (SD = 2.12), t(19) = 11.57, p < 0.001. These findings support cyclic sighing as an effective, evidence-based, non-pharmacological strategy for managing adolescent anxiety in inpatient psychiatric settings. Future research should explore its long-term effects and feasibility across diverse clinical environments.No embarg
Predicting MUOS Satellites' Radio Noise in ANITA-IV Recordings
No full textThe Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) was a long-duration balloon experiment looking to detect Askaryan radio emission coming from ultrahigh energy neutrinos interacting with the Antarctic ice. Its fourth flight, ANITA-IV, took place in December 2016. The payload’s antenna band overlaps with parts of the frequency range of the Mobile User Objective System (MUOS). MUOS is a satellite communications system made up of five Navy satellites. When a satellite is in the payload’s field of view, its continuous wave signal is picked up as noise. The noise triggers signal recording where there is no interesting signal and could possibly overshadow real events. To prevent either issue from majorly affecting the recording of data, the specific frequency band must be filtered for certain sectors at certain times. To effectively determine when to block what, it is important to have a way of telling where the satellites are with respect to the payload. In the following, I describe a method of determining the satellites’ positions relative to the payload’s sectors using Two Line Elements of the satellites and positional data of the payload. Using this method, noise could be identified in the past ANITA-IV recordings. Additionally, it could be used in real-time during the upcoming flight of the Payload for Ultrahigh Energy Observations to determine when to apply filters.No embargoAcademic Major: PhysicsAcademic Major: Astronomy and Astrophysic
Characterizing Ruminal T Cells in Lactating Dairy Cows.
Full text linkγδ T cells regulate immune responses via Interleukin-10 secretion and reduces cytotoxic and helper T cell proliferation, in vitro. γδ T cells are prominent in ruminant peripheral blood but their presence in rumen tissue remains unclear. Our study aimed to determine the relative proportions of T-cell types within rumen tissue, hypothesizing that the largest proportion would be γδ T-cells. Using an observational study, 3 ruminally cannulated Holstein dairy cows were monitored for 21 days. Dry matter intake and milk yield were measured daily. Milk samples, body condition scores, and bodyweight were assessed on d 2 and 9. Rumen pH was measured every 4 h for 24 h on d 2 and 11. Partial rumen evacuations on d 8 and 15 facilitated rumen tissue samplings for flow cytometric analysis. Blood samples for peripheral immune cell analysis were collected on d 8 and 15 immediately after rumen evacuations. Spectral flow cytometry assessed T cell proportions in blood and rumen tissue using a panel including CD45+ (leukocytes), CD3+ (T lymphocytes), CD4+ (Helper T cells), and TCRN-24+ (γδ T cell). Flow cytometry data were analyzed in JMP with a linear mixed model blood vs. rumen tissue. The cows remained clinically healthy, with dry matter intake at 26.0 ± 3.44 kg/d, and milk at 50.6 ± 12.99 kg/d (Mean ± SD). Rumen pH was within a normal range (6.06 ± 0.55). CD3+ cells constituted 95.6% ± 8.3% (Mean ± SEM) of all ruminal CD45+ cells compared to 63.6% ± 8.3% in blood. On aCD3+ basis, TCRN24+ cells were the most prominent subset of T lymphocytes in rumen tissue and were enriched compared to blood (87.9% ± 2.4% v. 6.5 ± 2.4%). The CD4+ were not enriched in the rumen compared to blood (0.7% ± 1.1% vs. 14.7 ± 1.1%). We observed a TCRN24+CD4+ population in the rumen which was largely absent in blood (6.6% ± 1.3% vs. 0.4 ± 1.3%). Understanding the role of T lymphocytes in rumen immunity may guide strategies to strengthen health and digestion while reducing inflammation in ruminants.No embargoAcademic Major: Animal Science