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A Multiwavelength Study of the Dynamic Environment Surrounding the FUor V960 Mon
Get PDFThe evolution of young stars and planet-forming environments is intrinsically linked to their nascent surroundings. This is particularly evident for FU Orionis (FUor) objects—a class of young protostars known for dramatic outbursts resulting in significant increases in brightness. We present a case study of V960 Mon, an FUor that has recently been found to show signs of a fragmenting spiral arm, potentially connected to planet formation. Our study explores the large-scale environment (103–104 au) and incorporates Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array band 3, band 4, and band 6 continuum data, molecular emissions from 12CO, 13CO, C18O, SiO, DCO+, N2D+, and DCN, alongside optical and near-infrared observations from Very Large Telescope (VLT) Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) and VLT Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch instrument (SPHERE). We map a region of 20″ across where we find tantalizing emissions that provide a unique view of a young group of protostars, including the discovery of a class-0 protostar to the east of the FUor. The 12CO and SiO tracers suggest that this object is at the base of an outflow, potentially impacting the surrounding medium. The MUSE and SPHERE observations indicate the presence of an elongated feature towards a prominent source to the southeast that may represent interaction between V960 Mon and its surroundings. Moreover, the C18O emission overlaps with the clumps of the detected fragmenting spiral arm. These findings provide the strongest evidence to date for a connection between infalling material, fragmentation, and the intensity outburst of a protostar. Our case study highlights the complex interactions between young stars and their surroundings that drive the evolution of the planet forming environment
Psychosocial Impacts of Traumatic Child Birth on Women: A Systematic Review
Get PDFAlthough, a significant proportion of births are uneventful, a proportion of them cause significant distress to mother, midwife and/or child. Traumatic childbirth is often extremely distress for mothers and has been associated with an increased risk of maternal mental health disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth. This study explores the factors influencing traumatic births in addition to its impact on both mothers and midwives. It also aims to identify preventive and therapeutic measures to prevent and mitigate traumatic births. This study uses a systematic literature review approach to answer the questions of this research. The SALSA framework and the PRISMA flowchart were used to identify and appraise potential studies. A total of 21 studies were included in the review following implementation of the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study.
This study found that healthcare-related factors, patient-related factors, and difficult deliveries are factors that affect the traumatic childbirths. The impact of traumatic childbirth on mothers and midwives were found to be far-reaching and highly detrimental to the healthcare delivery at large. This study found PTSD specific therapies such as EMDR to be useful in the treatment of PTSD following childbirth while strategies such as the magical hour were found to be preventative as well as therapeutic in traumatic births
West African ancestry in seventh-century England: two individuals from Kent and Dorset
No full textArchaeogenetics, the study of ancient DNA, can reveal powerful insights into kinship and the movement of individuals in (pre)history. Here, the authors report on the identification of two individuals with genetic profiles consistent with recent sub-Saharan African ancestry, both of whom were buried in early-medieval cemeteries in southern Britain. Focusing primarily on a sub-adult female from Updown in Kent, the authors explore the societal and cultural contexts in which these individuals lived and died, and the widening geographic links indicated by their presence, pointing back to the Byzantine reconquest of North Africa in AD 533–534
Erratum: “The RESOLVE and ECO Gas in Galaxy Groups Initiative: The Group Finder and the Group H i –Halo Mass Relation” ( 2023, ApJ, 956, 51 )
Get PDFFood Fraud Awareness and Perception in Nigeria
Get PDFObjectives: The study's objectives was to ascertain consumers food fraud awareness and perception, and the tested hypothesis include; Ho: Null H1: There is a significant relationship between the demographic characteristics and food fraud awareness. H2: There is a significant relationship between the demographic characteristics and Are consumers responsible for food fraud in Nigeria. H3: There is a significant relationship between the demographic characteristics and food fraud as a threat in Nigeria.
Methods: A nationwide consumer survey and interviews were conducted and the survey data were analyzed utilizing the Statistical Package for Social Science, while a thematic analytical method was employed in analyzing the interview data.
Results: The study findings revealed that over 50% of the 527 participants were educated consumers who tend to purchase food product 1- 2 times a week and prepares food daily. Although 46.5% of the participants were aware of food fraud, 38.1% were unaware and 15.4% were unsure. Hypothesis 1 and 3, were accepted with a significant association between education X2(8)= 51.81 (p< 0.001), employment X2(6)= 13.492 (p< 0.036), and food fraud awareness (with 50% unaware consumers). In addition, a significant association was indicated between gender X2(6)= 27.976 (p< 0.01), age X2(12)= 21.356 (p< 0.045), and Is food fraud a threat in Nigeria. Furthermore, the consumers interviews findings showed a corresponding perception as financial benefits and the ease to commit food fraud were identified as the reasons for food fraud in Nigeria. Adulteration was indicated as the major type of food fraud act, with food packaging, and manufacturing as the most vulnerable food supply chain. Key vulnerable food products identified include alcoholic beverages, herbs and spices as well as fat and oils.
Conclusions: Food fraud activities in Nigeria is a significant concern to the consumers, although the findings indicate that while some consumers are aware of food fraud, others are ignorant and victimized. Consequently, impacting on the consumers health, nutritional values, beliefs and trust. The study calls for collaborative efforts from the regulatory bodies, healthcare professionals, and the government to combat food fraud.
Funding Sources: N/A
UKEV forum 2024: The UK Society for Extracellular Vesicle annual meeting - bridging innovation and impact
Get PDFIn December 2024, the United Kingdom Society for Extracellular Vesicles (UKEV) held its annual forum in Newcastle upon Tyne, marking 11 years since its founding. UKEV Forum 2024 brought together over 230 participants from the UK and abroad under the theme “Bridging Innovation and Impact”. The meeting emphasised translational science, regulatory foresight, methodological rigour, and cross-sector collaboration, reflecting the maturation of EV research towards clinical relevance.
Hosted at Newcastle University, the event included plenary lectures, oral and lightning talks, poster sessions, and an Early Career Researcher (ECR) Day. Scientific discussions spanned EV biomarker discovery, mechanistic studies, tissue-derived EVs, and novel analytical tools such as cryo-TEM, electrochemical sensors, and DNA-PAINT microscopy. The forum showcased emerging topics in EV isolation, reproducibility, therapeutic development, and regulatory integration, drawing on diverse expertise across academia, biotech, and clinical sciences. Generous industry sponsorship and inclusive programming made UKEV 2024 a landmark event that reinforced the UK’s leadership in EV research
Survival Prediction in Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients Using Pre‐ and Post‐Transplant Factors and Computational Intelligence
Get PDFAdvancements in artificial intelligence (AI) predictive models have emerged as valuable tools for predicting survival outcomes in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). These models primarily focus on pre‐transplant factors, while algorithms incorporating changes in patient's status post‐allo‐HSCT are lacking. The aim of this study was to develop a predictive soft computing model assessing survival outcomes in allo‐HSCT recipients. In this study, we assembled a comprehensive database comprising of 564 consecutive adult patients who underwent allo‐HSCT between 2015 and 2024. Our algorithm selectively considers critical parameters from the database, ranking and evaluating them based on their impact on patient outcomes. By utilising the Data Ensemble Refinement Greedy Algorithm, we developed an AI model with 93.26% accuracy in predicting survivorship status in allo‐HSCT recipients. Our model used only seven parameters, including age, disease, disease phase, creatinine levels at day 2 post‐allo‐HSCT, platelet engraftment, acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) and chronic GvHD. External validation of our AI model is considered essential. Machine learning algorithms have the potential to improve the prediction of long‐term survival outcomes for patients undergoing allo‐HSCT
Interaction of water surface waves with periodic and quasiperiodic cylinder arrays
No full textInspired by transformation optics and photonic crystals, this paper presents a computational investigation into the interaction between water surface waves and array waveguides of cylinders with multiple previously unexplored lattice geometries, including, for the first time, quasiperiodic geometries. Extending beyond conventional square and hexagonal periodic arrays, transformation optics has opened up entirely new opportunities to investigate water wave propagation through arrays based on quasiperiodic lattices, and quasiperiodically arranged vacancy defects. Using the linear potential flow open-source code Capytaine, missing element and -scaled Fibonacci square lattices, the Penrose lattice, hexagonal lattice and Amman-Beenker lattice are investigated. The existence of band gaps for all arrays is observed. An hexagonal lattice with vacancy defects transmits the least energy. Bragg diffraction consistent with rotational symmetry is observed from all arrays. Waves will distort significantly to achieve resonance with arrays, supporting transformation-based waveguides. The possible uses include adaptation to more versatile waveguides with applications such as offshore renewable energy and coastal defence
The current state and future needs of decision making: knowledge, practice, tools and training options
Get PDFDecision making in emergency management (EM) is challenging. Australian EM organisations need to ensure that they appropriately train, develop and support their personnel so that they can make effective decisions in challenging situations. This report synthesizes the findings from the first phase of the Natural Hazards Research Australia (NHRA) decision making research project and provides a situational analysis of operational EM decision making in Australia. The report first summarises three literature reviews that examine: emerging issues (stress and fatigue, interoperability and ethical decision making) (Butler et al., 2024); use of cognitive aids (Penney et al., 2024); and EM decision making training (McLennan et al., 2024). The results of a survey and a series of semi-structured interviews are presented, providing a detailed examination of EM decision making
in Australia. One-hundred and fifty-four participants completed all of the questions in the survey (84 per cent of the participants were male, 15.5 per cent were female and 0.5 per cent were non-binary). Thirty-six people participated in the semi-structured interviews (86 per cent of the participants were male and 14 per cent were female). The data showed:
1. There is a clear opportunity to enhance EM decision making training. While the majority of participants felt that the general training they had received from their organisation had improved their ability to make safe and effective operational decisions, it was clear that the majority of participants also felt that the approach to operational decision making taught during any training was sometime or mostly ineffective.
2. The large majority of participants follow their organisations’ rules and procedures, however there can sometimes be a mismatch between what the rules and procedures say and the best decision based on participants’ knowledge, experience and training. This and lack of resources were major reasons why participants sometimes didn’t follow organisational policies and procedures.
3. EM decision makers generally use a combination of recognitional and analytical processes to make decisions. While some participants identified problems with using recognitional and analytical processes, most seem to be unaware of the strengths and limitations of the different types of decision making and how they work together to create decisions.
4. While the majority of participants thought that decision making tools provided by their organisation were clear and easy to use, a number of problems with such tools were identified (such as taking too long, being difficult to use and not applying in most situations). Based on these findings, ideas about options that can be used to enhance EM decision making training and practice are proposed