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A discussion of co-offending behaviours, social bonds and implications for auditing practice, research and pedagogy
No full textPurpose
The purpose of this study is to provide the discussion about the underlying reasons for predicting someone’s willingness to co-offend in fraud. In doing so, as a main question is how are group-based fraudulent activities initiated, and what rationales and motivations do individuals have for engaging in them?
Design/methodology/approach
The authors collected data through semi-structured interviews. They discussed with several civil servants, in a regional government in Indonesia, about the ways Indonesian civil servants made decisions when they were in normalised fraudulent behaviours. They shared their perspectives and opinions on the pressures and incentives that drive fraudulent actions, as well as the mechanisms through which these behaviours are rationalised and perpetuated within the institutional context. The interviews highlighted the complexity of the issue in Indonesian local governments in general.
Findings
In the context of co-offending behaviour, the findings suggest that neither reinforcements nor associations, even in combination, are adequate predictors of these behaviours. These factors act as initial triggers in situations that provoke cognitive dissonance, but one’s attitudes towards fraud do not independently motivate law-breaking. The predictive power of individual or social enablers is intertwined with the process of definition or rationalisation. Co-offending behaviours tend to occur and recur in contexts where rationalisations have already been learned and applied. Moreover, the adherence to or rejection of rationalisations favourable to fraud is influenced not just by the consequences of the act but significantly by one’s moral and cognitive readiness to imitate observed behaviours. Therefore, while favourable opportunities may increase the likelihood of co-offending acts, these acts do not inevitably occur without consideration of their moral implications.
Originality/value
This research significantly contributes to the expansion of fraud theories and models, and managerial/practice for instance by complementing the effectiveness of SAS No. 99 and the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission internal control framework
Development and validation of two bronchoscopy knowledge assessments
Get PDFIntroduction: Simulation-based training (SBT) is a key method for teaching bronchoscopy skills to pulmonology residents. A theoretical foundation can enhance SBT efficiency. This study developed and evaluated the validity of an anatomy and theoretical bronchoscopy exam using Kane’s validity framework. Methods: 19 anatomy and 58 theoretical exam questions, developed by pulmonology experts, were assessed through two Delphi rounds. Both exams were then taken by 53 prepared pulmonology residents. The theoretical exam was also taken by three unprepared groups: novices, intermediates and experts. Using the residents’ data, scoring evidence for the theoretical exam was evaluated using item difficulty and item discrimination indices, and generalization evidence was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Extrapolation evidence was obtained by comparing theoretical exam scores across the different groups. Implications evidence for both exams was gathered by evaluating residents’ preparedness, based on exam performance and instructor feedback. Results: The Delphi procedure resulted in 19 anatomy and 31 theoretical questions. Item difficulty values predominantly ranged from 0.85-1.0, item discrimination indices mostly ranged from 0.0-0.25. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.55. While scores appeared to correlate with experience, no significant differences were observed between the four groups. Most residents passed both exams on their first attempt, and instructors rated their anatomical knowledge as good. Conclusion: Expert involvement and acceptable item difficulty, item discrimination and internal consistency supported the exams’ validity. The exams also effectively motivated residents to prepare for SBT. These findings highlight the value of pre-SBT exams in enhancing residents' preparation, allowing more time to focus on mastering procedural skills
Teaching ethics in forensic psychology: an exploratory study
No full textPurpose
Ethical practice in psychology is informed by professional guidelines such as the Health Care Professional Council (HCPC) Standards of Conduct and Performance, the British Psychological Society Code of Ethics and Conduct and Practice Guidelines. Hence, there is an expectation that ethics is taught to UK students studying both undergraduate and postgraduate forensic psychology. The aim of this study is to increase understanding of the ethical issues, which may arise in forensic settings and how learners could be best prepared for those in education.
Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted a qualitative research methodology because of there being minimal research on the topic area and to enable an exploratory approach. Interviews were conducted via MS Teams with ten participants who have worked in UK forensic settings and had experienced ethical issues.
Findings
The data was analysed using thematic analysis, which identified the types of ethical issues faced in forensic settings, the issues that arise when professionals observe such ethical issues and how learners could be best prepared and taught in relation to ethics in forensic settings.
Practical implications
Forensic settings provide a unique environment, which is characterised by imbalances of power and more restricted opportunities for monitoring from the outside world because of the nature of their physical and relational security. The ways in which learners in forensic psychology could be supported with ethical acculturation are discussed alongside practical recommendations for the teaching of ethics in forensic psychology.
Originality/value
Forensic settings provide a unique environment, which is characterised by imbalances of power and more restricted opportunities for monitoring from the outside world because of the nature of their physical and relational security. This study provides valuable insight into the nature of ethical issues in forensic settings and how staff could be supported to anticipate and manage unethical behaviour through education
ESG Performance–Stock Price Volatility Nexus: The Moderating Effect of Board Cultural Diversity in G20 Markets
No full textThis paper investigates the relationship between ESG performance and stock price volatility (SPV) in G20 countries, with a focus on the moderating influence of board cultural diversity (BCD) in this association. Using a comprehensive sample of 117,449 firm‐year observations from companies listed in G20 markets between 2005 and 2021, our analysis provides robust empirical evidence of a negative association between ESG performance and SPV. Furthermore, the findings indicate that BCD strengthens this negative link by serving as a mitigating factor, assisting firms in better managing ESG‐related risks and opportunities, resulting in higher sustainability performance and lower SPV. Our results contribute to existing literature by integrating legitimacy, resource‐based, and agency theories to explain how ESG practices, complemented by board diversity, contribute to corporate stability. This study extends the understanding of how governance structures, specifically board diversity, can influence the ESG performance nexus in global markets. Our study has implications for policymakers and investors, highlighting the strategic importance of ESG practices and diverse governance structures in promoting corporate resilience and market confidence. Encouraging the adoption of robust ESG reporting standards and fostering board diversity may enhance corporate stability and investor trust
Who is the Victim? Exploring the Complexities of Misidentification
No full textThis article presents findings from an N8 Policing Research Partnership–funded project concerned to explore the nature and extent of (mis)identification of the victim and perpetrator in policing responses to coercive and controlling behaviour. The phenomenon of (mis)identification of victim and perpetrators in cases of intimate partner violence is not new and the purpose of this article is to consider the extent to which the presence of misidentification manifests itself in relation to the newer legal framework of coercive and controlling behaviour in England and Wales, introduced in December 2015. The work presented here, suggests that the ‘misidentification moment’ contemporarily is neither simple nor straightforward. Its findings are suggestive of the need for a more considered approach to the use of this term in the contemporary policing context
The burden of bouncing back: A critical reflection on resilience and student mental health nurses
No full textBRIDGING METHODOLOGIES: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF RESEARCH APPROACHES IN INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
No full textThis study critically analyzes the research methodologies applied in International Human Resource Management (IHRM), primarily focusing on the comparative effectiveness of quantitative and qualitative methods. By examining their applications, advantages, and limitations, the research aims to guide scholars and practitioners in selecting appropriate methodologies for analyzing global HR practices systematically. A literature review, coupled with an analysis of a selected research paper—"Meta-analysis of the impact of cross-cultural training on adjustment, cultural intelligence, and job performance" by Li Chenyang (2022)—serves as the framework for this investigation. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative techniques such as surveys and meta-analysis with qualitative methods, including interviews and case studies. Quantitative methods are shown to provide robust statistical data enabling objective analysis and generalizability of findings. For instance, the study highlights how meta-analysis allows for consolidating data from multiple studies, yielding significant insights about the effectiveness of cross-cultural training programs on expatriates' adjustment, cultural intelligence, and job performance. On the other hand, qualitative methods contribute in-depth understanding and richer context, which quantitative metrics alone may fail to capture. The purpose of this critical analysis is to elucidate the complex dynamics of HRM practices in a global context and to propose a balanced approach to research that embraces both objective measures and subjective narratives. Preliminary findings indicate that while quantitative methods enable researchers to identify trends across populations, qualitative insights enhance the interpretation of these trends, shedding light on the why and how behind the phenomena being studied. The conclusion underscores the necessity of methodological pluralism, advocating that a hybrid approach can lead to holistic insights that significantly inform HR practices in international settings. By fostering an informed discussion on methodological choices, this study contributes to the broader IHRM discourse, emphasizing that effective research design can lead to improved organizational performance in managing human resources across cultural boundaries. Ultimately, this critical analysis serves as a call to action for researchers in the IHRM field to adopt a pragmatic stance that embraces both quantitative and qualitative research methods for comprehensive exploration of complex HR issues
Process evaluation of Operation Encompass
No full textOperation Encompass (OE) is a police and education information-sharing safeguarding scheme. The OE charity was founded and launched in 2011 by Elisabeth and David Carney-Haworth OBEs. It aims to enable school staff to offer immediate support to children affected by domestic abuse. The OE scheme provides a route for police forces to notify school staff and, where relevant, local authorities (LAs) about police-attended incidents of domestic abuse. Incidents are subject to an OE notification where (a) child/children aged 17 and under were present or are part of the household. This is done so that information can be shared in a timely manner and support for those children can be put in place.
The Home Office commissioned Ipsos UK and the Connect Centre at the University of Lancashire to undertake a process evaluation of the standard scheme. Another process evaluation was undertaken for Early Years (EY) OE, which focuses on children aged 4 and under. The research also examined the feasibility of extending the OE scheme to additional harms, including exploitation, knife crime, and missing children incidents. The work was conducted from late 2022 and mid-2023.
The aims of the evaluations were to explore:
. how and to what extent the OE and EY OE schemes have been implemented in each police force
. how implementation varied between settings
. what influence variation between settings had on implementation
. the feasibility of expanding the OE scheme to other forms of har
Critical summary: Non-titanium metal hypersensitivity in dental implant recipients
No full textTitanium dental implants are widely accepted in clinical dentistry owing to their high biocompatibility and mechanical strength. However, the assumption that titanium is entirely inert in vivo has come under scrutiny. A growing body of evidence suggests that some patients experience allergic or hypersensitive reactions after implantation, not necessarily to titanium itself but to non-titanium metals that may be present as trace elements or alloyed components in dental implants. These metals include nickel, chromium, cobalt and palladium. This critical review investigates whether individuals presenting with hypersensitivity symptoms following titanium dental implant placement test negative for titanium sensitivity but positive for other metal allergens
Challenges and best practices during manual handling for patient positioning in long-term care settings: A scoping review
No full textIntroduction: Healthcare practitioners (HCPs) are at risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) due to manual handling, with associated staff shortages and reduced quality of healthcare. Whilst manual handling challenges for HCP’s have previously been explored, there is a research-practice gap in handling during positioning. This scoping review maps challenges and practices in manual handling during patient positioning.
Method: This scoping review comprised (MEDLINE®, CINAHL, AMED, Scopus, Embase), and grey literature sources, including papers in English published from 1992 to 2025.
Results: Of 7,376 unique papers, 118 met the criteria for inclusion. Findings were categorized into injury-associated factors and optimized practices for safety. Repositioning and turning patients into side-lying were reported as the most frequent and challenging tasks compared to other positioning care (e.g., bed mobility, posture management). Available practices had limitations and did not completely remove the risk of excessive exertion from the HCPs. Studies recommended that using a system of low-tech handling devices and optimized techniques to support patient positioning in bed was pivotal to improving outcomes.
Discussion: Implementation of common positioning devices (e.g. slide sheet, hoist, pillows/wedges) has fallen short in significantly reducing the incidence of WRMSDs during patient positioning in bed. Emerging evidence supports integrated systems of low-tech handling devices, such as the in-bed sliding systems and wedges. However, further work is needed to quantify the biomechanical impact of these systems on the HCPs and patients