26199 research outputs found
Sort by
The multi-spacecraft high-energy solar particle event of 28 October 2021
Get PDFAims. We studied the first multi-spacecraft high-energy solar energetic particle (SEP) event of solar cycle 25, which triggered a ground level enhancement on 28 October 2021, using data from multiple observers (Parker Solar Probe, STEREO-A, Solar Orbiter, GOES, SOHO, BepiColombo, and the Mars Science Laboratory) that were widely distributed throughout the heliosphere and located at heliocentric distances ranging from 0.60 to 1.60 AU.
Methods. We present SEP observations at a broad energy range spanning from ∼10 to 600 MeV obtained from the different instruments. We performed detail modelling of the shock wave and we derived the 3D distribution and temporal evolution of the shock parameters. We further investigated the magnetic connectivity of each observer to the solar surface and examined the shock’s magnetic connection. We performed velocity dispersion analysis and time-shifting analysis to infer the SEP release time. We derived and present the peak proton flux spectra for all the above spacecraft and fluence spectra for major species recorded on board Solar Orbiter from the Suprathermal Ion Spectrograph (SIS). We performed 3D SEP propagation simulations to investigate the role of particle transport in the distribution of SEPs to distant magnetically connected observers.
Results. Observations and modelling show that a strong shock wave formed promptly in the low corona. At the SEP release time windows, we find a connection with the shock for all the observers. PSP, STEREO-A, and Solar Orbiter were connected to strong shock regions with high Mach numbers (>4), whereas the Earth and other observers were connected to lower Mach numbers. The SEP spectral properties near Earth demonstrate two power laws, with a harder (softer) spectrum in the low-energy (high-energy) range. Composition observations from SIS (and near-Earth instruments) show no serious enhancement of flare-accelerated material.
Conclusions. A possible scenario consistent with the observations and our analysis indicates that high-energy SEPs at PSP, STEREO-A, and Solar Orbiter were dominated by particle acceleration and injection by the shock, whereas high-energy SEPs that reached near-Earth space were associated with a weaker shock; it is likely that efficient transport of particles from a wide injection source contributed to the observed high-energy SEPs. Our study cannot exclude a contribution from a flare-related process; however, composition observations show no evidence of an impulsive composition of suprathermals during the event, suggestive of a non-dominant flare-related process
Enhancing euthanasia protocols: a compassionate approach in equine and large animal practice
Get PDFEuthanasia revolves around essential principles of compassion towards owners and gentleness towards patients which apply to all species, regardless of circumstances. That we can ensure a ‘good’ death (in sometimes trying circumstances) is something that we, as a profession, excel at; however, farm and equine work, because of the size of animals involved and the relatively remote conditions of work, do bring additional challenges. This article is based on a presentation given for many years at the Society of Practising Veterinary Surgeons final-year seminar and is aimed especially at new or recent graduates. It is more an approach than an absolute instruction manual
Fair Play For Girls
Get PDFThis report highlights the urgent need for equitable opportunities for girls in football. The report endorsed by leading figures in the football community and backed by the UK Government, underscores the importance of addressing gender disparities in sports provision and support
SLICES Data Management Infrastructure for Reproducible Experimental Research on Digital Technologies
No full textThis paper presents the ongoing research effort related to the design of the Data Management Infrastructure (DMI) to support experimental research on digital technologies with application to the ESFRI SLICES scientific instrument. We consider the experiment documentation and data collection across the whole continuum of access network, IoT, edge, cloud, and data processing workflow. The paper includes the requirements analysis for DMI to enable research reproducibility of complex and large-scale experimentation. We provide an analysis of data collected and processed in SLICES and explain approaches and solutions used in SLICES for experimental research reproducibility, primarily based on the plain orchestration service and supported by metadata collection tools. The proposed multi-layer DMI includes: data (storage) access, data processing, data ingest, experiment management, and virtual research environment. The paper also provides recommendations for the selection of existing standards and tools for data and metadata management, in particular those developed by EOSC and supported by the RDA community to ensure wide compatibility and integration
Loneliness in Pregnancy and Parenthood: Impacts, Outcomes, and Costs
Get PDF: Becoming a parent has been highlighted as a period associated with increased risks for loneliness, with around one-third of parents reporting feeling lonely often or always. However, as most understanding of loneliness is based on elderly or student cohorts, further insights into the costs of parental loneliness is needed. : We conducted a literature review of impacts of loneliness in pregnancy and parenthood and present a synthesis of the health, social, societal, and economic costs. We draw on evidence about impacts and costs of loneliness in other cohorts to help provide a wider context to understand the impacts and costs and how parental loneliness differs from other populations. : Similar to literature with elderly cohorts, parental loneliness has impacts on health and wellbeing, such as depression in new parents and increased general practitioner (GP) visits in pregnancy. But also has intergenerational impacts via its association with poor mental health and social competence and increased respiratory tract infections in the child. Physical health impacts widely associated with loneliness in other cohorts have yet to be examined in parents. Loneliness in parents is likely to result in social withdrawal further isolating parents and wider societal and economic costs relating to absence from employment and informal caring roles. : Parental loneliness has the potential for negative and pervasive impacts. As parental loneliness has wide ranging and intergenerational impacts it is important that a multi-sectoral perspective is used when examining its costs. [Abstract copyright: Copyright ©2024, Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.
Active video games as an adjunct to pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: a commentary on a systematic review
Get PDFPulmonary rehabilitation is a key evidence-based intervention to improve the outcomes of people living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However, there are challenges in delivering pulmonary rehabilitation including reduced referral rates and suboptimal uptake and completion rates. Active video game interventions, when used as an adjunct, may increase the adoption of and access to pulmonary rehabilitation. This commentary summarises and critically appraises a systematic review which investigated the effectiveness of active video games as a supplementary component in the pulmonary rehabilitation of individuals suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The effectiveness of evidence-based healthcare educational interventions on healthcare professionals' knowledge, skills, attitudes, professional practice and healthcare outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFObjective
The primary aim of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of evidence-based healthcare (EBHC) educational interventions on healthcare professionals' knowledge, skills, attitudes, behaviour of EBHC, clinical process and care outcomes. A secondary aim of the review is to assess the effects of important pedagogical moderating factors for EBHC educational interventions.
Method
This systematic review used a forward and backward citation search strategy on the Web of Science platform (date of inception to 28 April 2023). Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster RCTs which compared EBHC educational interventions for healthcare professionals were included. A random effects meta-analysis was undertaken for EBHC compared with an active and nonactive control for all outcomes.
Results
Sixty-one RCTs were identified which included a total of 5208 healthcare professionals. There was a large effect for EBHC educational interventions compared with waiting list/no treatment/sham control on knowledge (SMD, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.26–4.14, GRADE Low), skills (SMD, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.25–1.73, Very Low Certainty), attitude (SMD, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.16–1.47, Very Low Certainty) and behaviour of EBHC (SMD, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.25–1.40, Very Low Certainty). Over time the effect of EBHC educational interventions substantially decreased with no evidence of effect at 6 months for any outcome except behaviour (SMD,1.72; 95% CI, 0.74–2.71, Low Certainty). There was some evidence that blended learning, active learning and consistency in the individual delivering the intervention may be important positive moderating factors.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that EBHC educational interventions may have a large short-term effect on improving healthcare professionals' knowledge, skills, attitude and behaviour of EBHC. These effects may be longer-lasting regarding EBHC behaviour. In terms of pedagogy, blended learning, active learning, and consistency of the individual delivering the intervention may be important positive moderating factors
CSP2023: 19 Are HbA1c & deprivation associated with mortality in type two diabetic hemiarthroplasty, hip fracture, patients. Single centre retrospective cohort study
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study were to investigated if living in a more deprived area (measured by the index of multiple deprivation was associated with a higher mortality at 30 days and 1 year and if having a very low (64 mmol/mol) was associated with a higher mortality at 30 days and 1 year. The second aim was to explore if there was a connection between HbA1c and the index of multiple deprivation.
Methods: This was a single centre retrospective cohort study. 183 patients were included in the deprivation analysis and 62 patients were included in the HbA1c analysis and correlation analysis. Data was grouped based on 30-day mortality, 1 year mortality and survival past 1 year and the Mann Whitney test was used to analyse if there was a statistically significant difference in the index of multiple deprivation and HbA1c readings between groups. A Pearson correlation was used to analyse the correlation between the index of multiple deprivation and HbA1c.
Results: No statistically significant difference in the index of multiple deprivation or HbA1c was found between those who died at 30 days, 1 year or survived past 1 year. No statistically significant connection was found between IMD and HbA1c.
Conclusion(s): These results suggest that HbA1c and deprivation do not affect mortality in T2DM hemiarthroplasty hip fracture patients who are over 65 but more investigation is required. Furthermore, the results suggest that being more deprived does not lead to worse HbA1c control.
Impact: Both in inpatient (acute and rehabilitation settings) as well as outpatient settings, fragility hip fracture patients or those at risk of fragility fractures with diabetes are seen frequently seen, often on a daily basis. Yet our understanding of what leads to an increased risk of mortality post hip fracture, in this complex ageing population which we encounter and treat is limited.
This study provides a more nuanced understanding of the influence of deprivation on mortality post hip fracture in those with type 2 diabetes, providing more up to date evidence from the north west of England within the diabetic population.
The study of HbA1c also provides evidence where limited research has been completed previously, suggesting that HbA1c does not influence mortality in this increasingly prevalent (yet understudied) population.
Finally, it suggests that factors other than HbA1c and deprivation may be more influential on mortality post fracture, indicating that more research is required within this field
Birth expectations, birth experiences and childbirth‐related post‐traumatic stress symptoms in mothers and birth companions: Dyadic investigation using response surface analysis
Get PDFObjectives: During the perinatal period, women and their birth companions form expectations about childbirth. We aimed to examine whether a mismatch between birth expectations and experiences predict childbirth‐related post‐traumatic stress symptoms (CB‐PTSS) for mothers and birth companions. We also explored the influence of the mismatch between mothers' and birth companions' expectations/experiences on CB‐PTSS. Design: Dyadic longitudinal data from the Self‐Hypnosis IntraPartum Trial. Methods: Participants (n = 469 mothers; n = 358 birth companions) completed questionnaires at 27 and 36 weeks of gestation and 2 and 6 weeks post‐partum. We used the measures of birth expectations (36 weeks gestation), birth experiences (2 weeks post‐partum) and CB‐PTSS (6 weeks post‐partum). Results: Correlations revealed that birth expectations were associated with experiences for both mothers and birth companions but were not consistently associated with CB‐PTSS. Birth experiences related to CB‐PTSS for both mothers and birth companions. The response surface analysis results showed no support for the effect of a mismatch between expectations and experiences on CB‐PTSS in mothers or birth companions. Similarly, a mismatch between mothers' and birth companions' expectations or experiences was unrelated to CB‐PTSS. Conclusions: Following previous literature, birth expectations were associated with experiences, and experiences were associated with CB‐PTSS. By testing the effect of the match between birth experiences and expectations using an advanced statistical method, we found that experiences play a more substantial role than the match between experiences and expectations in CB‐PTSS. The impact of birth experiences on CB‐PTSS highlights the importance of respectful and supportive maternity care
The S-PLUS Ultra-Short Survey: first data release∗
Get PDFThis paper presents the first public data release of the S-PLUS Ultra-Short Survey (USS), a photometric survey with short exposure times, covering approximately 9300 deg2 of the Southern sky. The USS utilizes the Javalambre 12-band magnitude system, including narrow and medium-band and broad-band filters targeting prominent stellar spectral features. The primary objective of the USS is to identify bright, extremely metal-poor (EMP; [Fe/H] ≤−3) and ultra metal-poor (UMP; [Fe/H] ≤−4) stars for further analysis using medium- and high-resolution spectroscopy.}{This paper provides an overview of the survey observations, calibration method, data quality, and data products. Additionally, it presents the selection of EMP and UMP candidates.}{The data from the USS were reduced and calibrated using the same methods as presented in the S-PLUS DR2. An additional step was introduced, accounting for the offset between the observed magnitudes off the USS and the predicted magnitudes from the very low-resolution Gaia XP spectra.}{This first release contains data for 163 observed fields totaling ∼324 deg2 along the Celestial Equator. The magnitudes obtained from the USS are well-calibrated, showing a difference of ∼15 mmag compared to the predicted magnitudes by the GaiaXPy toolkit. By combining colors and magnitudes, 140 candidates for EMP or UMP have been identified for follow-up studies.}{The S-PLUS USS DR1 is an important milestone in the search for bright metal-poor stars, with magnitudes in the range 10 <r≤14. The USS is an ongoing survey; in the near future, it will provide many more bright metal-poor candidate stars for spectroscopic follow-up