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Vocal Emotion Recognition in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
Get PDFThere is debate within the literature as to whether emotion dysregulation (ED) in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) reflects deviant attentional mechanisms (Barkley, 1997; Nigg et al., 2005) or atypical perceptual emotion processing (Shaw et al., 2014; Sonuga-Barke, 2005). Previous reviews have reliably examined the nature of facial, but not vocal, emotion recognition accuracy in ADHD (Bora & Pantelis, 2016). The present meta-analysis quantified vocal emotion recognition (VER) accuracy scores in ADHD and controls using robust variance estimation, gathered from 21 published and unpublished papers. Additional moderator analyses were carried out to determine whether the nature of VER accuracy in ADHD varied depending on emotion type. Findings revealed a medium effect size for the presence of VER deficits in ADHD, and moderator analyses showed VER accuracy in ADHD did not differ due to emotion type. These results support the theories which implicate the role of attentional mechanisms in driving VER deficits in ADHD. However, there is insufficient data within the behavioural VER literature to support the presence of emotion processing atypicalities in ADHD. Future neuro-imaging research could explore the interaction between attention and emotion processing in ADHD, taking into consideration ADHD subtypes and comorbidities
Current issues in tourism: Mitigating climate change in sustainable tourism research
Get PDFThis paper adopts a problematising review approach to examine the extent of mitigating climate change research in the sustainable tourism literature. As climate change has developed into an existential global environmental crisis and while tourism's emissions are still increasing, one would expect it to be at the heart of sustainable tourism research. However, from a corpus of 2573 journal articles featuring ‘sustainable tourism’ in their title, abstract, or keywords, only 6.5% covered climate change mitigation. Our critical content analysis of 35 of the most influential papers found that the current methods, scope and traditions of tourism research hamper effective and in-depth research into climate change. Transport, the greatest contributor to tourism's emissions, was mostly overlooked, and weak definitions of sustainability were common. Tight system boundaries, lack of common definitions and incomplete data within tourism studies appear to hamper assessing ways to mitigate tourism's contribution to climate change
Intelligent, Automated, Rapid, and Safe Landmine, Improvised Explosive Device and Unexploded Ordnance Detection Using Maggy
Get PDFDetecting and clearing legacy landmines, Improvised Explosive Devices (IED), and Unexploded Ordnances (UXO) using a force made up of humans or animals is extremely risky, labour- and time-intensive. It is crucial to quickly map millions of buried landmines/IDE/UXO, and remove them at a reasonable cost to minimise potential risks and make this labour-intensive task easier. Using unmanned vehicles and robots outfitted with various remote sensing modalities appears to be the ideal way to carry out this task in a non-invasive manner while employing a geophysical investigative method. In this study, a small-scale customised drone – the so-called Maggy – was developed to simplify and automate the procedures of cleaning explosive devices. It was instrumented with innovative intelligent automated techniques and magnetometer sensor technologies. Maggy’s performance was assessed in field tests conducted in Latvia and the United Kingdom. The outcomes, obtained in the open-air minefields and the benchmark assessments, verify the viability of the technologies, methods, and approaches integrated into Maggy for the efficient and economical detection of legacy landmines and IDE/UXO. This research provides the related research community with fundamental design and implementation parameters (e.g. flight speed, flight altitude) in building and using magnetometer-integrated Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). The improved versions of the developed easy-to-use compact technology are aimed to be deployed by humanitarian demining teams to expedite their clearing operations safely and efficiently
Prasugrel Monotherapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Coronary Syndrome Insights From ASET Pilot Studies
Get PDFBackground
The ASET (Acetyl-Salicylic Elimination Trial) pilot studies recently investigated P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy without aspirin immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Brazil and Japan.
Objectives
This comparative analysis of the 2 ASET pilot studies aimed to summarize clinical outcomes and assess geographic and ethnic differences in baseline demographics and procedures.
Methods
Patients undergoing successful platinum-chromium everolimus-eluting stent implantation for chronic coronary syndrome were included. Following the index PCI, patients received prasugrel monotherapy with a maintenance dose of 10 mg/day in Brazil and 3.75 mg/day in Japan. The primary ischemic endpoint was the composite of cardiac death, spontaneous target vessel myocardial infarction, or definite stent thrombosis. The primary bleeding endpoint was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium types 3 and 5 bleeding at up to 3 months.
Result
Of 409 enrollments, 3-month follow-up was completed in 406 patients. Mean age was 64.3 ± 8.4 years, and 73% were men. Overall, post-TIMI flow grade 3 was achieved in 99.8%. Intravascular imaging for poststent optimization was used in 16.8% and 99.6% of treated lesions in Brazil and Japan, respectively. The primary ischemic and bleeding endpoints occurred in the same patient (0.2%). No stent thrombosis events occurred.
Conclusions
Prasugrel monotherapy following PCI was safe and feasible in selected low-risk chronic coronary syndrome patients after optimal platinum-chromium everolimus-eluting stent implantation regardless of the ethnic and geographic differences in baseline demographics, procedures, and prasugrel dosage. Randomized controlled trials will be needed to compare P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy without aspirin with the current standard of care
The experience of being in acute emergency care following an overdose with suicidal intent: A hermeneutic phenomenological study
Get PDFIntroduction
Nurses working within Emergency Departments are frequently required to care for individuals impacted by suicidal behaviour.
Literature Review
Published research into the experience of such individuals in emergency care, is limited. Studies identified do not distinguish between self-harming and suicidal behaviour and do not reveal the lived experience in depth.
Aim and Methodology
This research reveals the lived experience of being in emergency care following an overdose with suicidal intent, through the collection of data while patients are still in hospital. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients on a medical admission ward. The research uses an interpretive hermeneutic phenomenological approach.
Analysis: A thematic analysis indicated six key themes: The fear of death and dying, The hospital - a place of safety, Loved ones a reason to live, Feelings of hopelessness, Eclipsed as a suicidal patient, and the Impact of human relationships.
Discussion
The findings are discussed and contextualized within wider literature: The fear of death, hopelessness, the role of stigma and shame, including anticipatory stigma, and the impact of kindness and relationships.
Implications for practice are outlined, informing how care can be enhanced by nursing staff
The Practice of Engagement without Recognition under International Law: A Tool for Combatting Human Trafficking
Get PDFThis article argues that, even in the absence of international recognition, international law can make a real and meaningful impact in de facto states. Such impact can come about through engagement without recognition, which should be understood, not as a shadowy practice that takes place in the fringes of international law, but as a strategy that is fully compatible with international legal standards. The article makes this argument by relying on a detailed analysis of relevant case law of the European Court of Human Rights. It further proposes that reconceptualizing engagement without recognition can have important practical consequences in the fight against human trafficking, which has received regrettably limited attention by policymakers in de facto states
Filamentary Network and Magnetic Field Structures Revealed with BISTRO in the High-mass Star-forming Region NGC 2264: Global Properties and Local Magnetogravitational Configurations
Get PDFWe report 850 μm continuum polarization observations toward the filamentary high-mass star-forming region NGC 2264, taken as part of the B-fields In STar forming Regions Observations large program on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. These data reveal a well-structured nonuniform magnetic field in the NGC 2264C and 2264D regions with a prevailing orientation around 30° from north to east. Field strength estimates and a virial analysis of the major clumps indicate that NGC 2264C is globally dominated by gravity, while in 2264D, magnetic, gravitational, and kinetic energies are roughly balanced. We present an analysis scheme that utilizes the locally resolved magnetic field structures, together with the locally measured gravitational vector field and the extracted filamentary network. From this, we infer statistical trends showing that this network consists of two main groups of filaments oriented approximately perpendicular to one another. Additionally, gravity shows one dominating converging direction that is roughly perpendicular to one of the filament orientations, which is suggestive of mass accretion along this direction. Beyond these statistical trends, we identify two types of filaments. The type I filament is perpendicular to the magnetic field with local gravity transitioning from parallel to perpendicular to the magnetic field from the outside to the filament ridge. The type II filament is parallel to the magnetic field and local gravity. We interpret these two types of filaments as originating from the competition between radial collapsing, driven by filament self-gravity, and longitudinal collapsing, driven by the region's global gravity
Beyond the core? An investigation into the early Neolithic of the North Isles of Orkney, with a focus on the chambered tomb sequence
Get PDFThe Orkney islands are renowned for their rich Neolithic archaeological record. Recently considerable work has been undertaken on Orkney’s Mainland around sites such as the Ness of Brodgar but less attention has been given to the periphery islands that make up the archipelago. Similarly, a comprehensive study of its chambered cairns has not been published since 1989. Working with the benefit of more recent enhancements of the Orcadian early Neolithic archaeological record this research considers the early Neolithic chambered cairns of the North Isles of Orkney. Using a combination of desk-based assessment and fieldwork, it examines the tomb thematic by considering three key areas; chronology, structural phasing and spatial analysis. The earliest evidence for the Neolithic is potentially in the North Isles and it is arguable that the centre of early Neolithic activity sits there. It is only towards the later Neolithic that the social core shifts to the Mainland. In addition to this a new axial alignment technique has been developed that has identified nuances within construction mythologies employed by the builders that identifies phasing and suggests a longevity of tomb use. This indicates that many early Neolithic tombs were multi-phase and therefore in use over a longer period when compared to other early Neolithic monuments of Britain and Ireland. This thesis also demonstrates that chambered tombs were not located by virtue of a universal social template but instead each island had different needs and requirements and people built each tomb to comply with those requirements. This thesis also introduces two new hypotheses namely that chambered tombs were purposely aligned upon settlements and tombs were intrinsically associated with marine and terrestrial routeways and travel strategies
The value of singing for the Verbal Language Development (VLD) of Greek Children who are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and aged between 5-to-11 years (5-11 yrs)
Get PDFThis research project aims to test the hypothesis that: singing is valuable to the Verbal Language Development (VLD) of Greek children who are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and aged between 5 and 11 years. The research is quantitative since it measures and compares progress and draws from the literature, experiential knowledge, positivism and primary research and seeks deep insights that are indicative. The scope of this project is to evaluate whether singing appears to be valuable for VLD amongst
these participants, in this context, and according to the methodological limitations of this study, having its intellectual foundation and its implications in education and with a potential to affect curricula strongly. The method for my research project involves pre-test and post-test, comparative analysis with a Speaking Group, plus probing analysis within the overall research findings. The study is of an insufficient size for generalisation and takes place within the field instead of a clinical environment. However, participant
observation and detailed scrutiny used the primary data gathering tool, which is “Test of Receptive and Expressive Language Abilities” (TRELA). The TRELA was specifically designed to measure VLD in Greek children with ASD.
The components of the study, namely singing, VLD, and Greek children with ASD aged 5 to 11 years old, frame the research project's contribution to original knowledge and have the potential to influence curriculafor children with ASD. This is an interdisciplinary research project that transformatively draws from the fieldsof m usic-singing, speech therapy, and ASD (teaching and learning of children with ASD). This research in the field of special education calls, if possible, for the involvement of speech therapists trained on this particular test of measurement, musicians or educators with basic music knowledge and singing experience, and special educators in ASD. In health-related research, interdisciplinary approaches are becoming more and more necessary and should be taught as a standard research methodology instead of being the exception that leads to random, unsystematic events. Despite not using inferential statistics, this educational study is regarded as quantitative in nature because it counts, measures, and compares progress. Furthermore, it is regarded as positivist since it clearly seeks to determine whether this advancement is objectively true, hopes to generalise this to intervention for more children, and incorporates psychological processes like motivation and engagement. The gathered qualitative data improve our comprehension of the objective measurements
and offer context for the quantitative data.
Overall, this study demonstrates much better progress in the SiG participants who used singing to develop their verbal language and that is important in order to continue further research into this approach. The progress with VLD of the children in the SiG agrees with the finding of previous research in the field. The researcher concluded that there is value in the empirical study's experimentation but a larger sample size is required to be able to respond to this with certainty and further research needs to take place because the
positive findings make a contribution to the field and could affect curricula