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Convergence of Phenomenology and Neuroscience in Autism Therapy: A Case Study of Exchange and Development Therapy
Get PDFIntroduction
This abstract explores the integration of phenomenology and neuroscience in understanding and managing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) through Exchange and Development Therapy (EDT). EDT, developed by Professor Gilbert Lelord, focuses on restoring impaired functions in children with autism through principles of calm, receptiveness, and reciprocity.
Objectives
This study investigates the similarities between EDT principles and phenomenological concepts like intersubjectivity, intercorporeality, and intentionality, aiming to demonstrate the value of phenomenology in understanding autism.
Methods
The research involved a two-part approach: 1.
Theoretical argumentation, explaining EDT principles and relevant phenomenological concepts in autism.
2.
Phenomenological analysis of autobiographies of individuals with autism to identify recurring themes and align them with EDT principles.
Results
The study revealed a significant convergence between EDT principles and phenomenological concepts. Calmness in EDT aligns with intercorporeality, receptiveness with intentionality, and reciprocity with intersubjectivity. This convergence suggests that phenomenology is crucial for understanding the lived experiences of individuals with autism, which can inform and enhance neuroscience-based therapeutic approaches.
Conclusions
The integration of phenomenology and neuroscience offers a promising avenue for developing more effective and compassionate autism therapies. By incorporating the subjective experiences of individuals with autism, therapists can tailor interventions that resonate with their unique phenomenological worlds, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes. This research advocates for a more holistic and individualized approach to autism treatment, highlighting the indispensable role of phenomenology in contemporary psychiatry.
Disclosure of Interest
S. Bora Grant / Research support from: International Exchange Award from the Renewing Phenomenological Psychopathology funded by the Wellcome Trus
Team Decision-Making: The integration of Cognitive Task Analysis and video to accelerate the development of tactical Shared Mental Models in an elite sports team
No full textEmploying theory and methods from Naturalistic Decision Making, this paper presents a Decision-Making Framework (Richards, Collins & Mascarenhas, 2016) which that integrates Cognitive Task Analysis as a method through which coaches and teams can develop and operationalize tactical Shared Mental Models (SMMs). Enhancing the acceleration of individual/team DM capabilities in elite sport teams. This paper presents empirical evidence illustrating that team DM can be accelerated in an international netball team (players, N=14) over a period of 31 days. Both qualitative statements and inferential statistics indicate that DM can be accelerated when a slow, deliberate, reflective, off-field digital environment is integrated with competitive 'in-action', on-field, contexts
The role of national parliaments and European Parliament as guardians of European values: The case of democracy and the rule of law in Cyprus
No full textTaking control of the message: A qualitative account of key stakeholder perceptions of risk in horse racing
No full textBackground: Thoroughbred racing is a major industry, and in recent years public concerns about equine safety have become more prominent, particularly in relation to on-track injuries and fatalities. This has challenged the industry's ‘social license to operate’ (SLO).
Objectives: To investigate and elucidate how UK and Irish racing stakeholders perceive risks to racehorses on race day and how to manage those risks.
Study design: Qualitative analysis of stakeholder perspectives using a constructionist approach.
Methods: Twelve stakeholders from veterinary, communication, and regulatory sectors within racing in the UK and Ireland were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were analysed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis.
Results: Thematic analysis identified three key themes: Divergent perceptions of risk, Complexities of managing risk, and Attribution. Some stakeholders viewed risk as misunderstood by the public, believing that public education is the answer, while others acknowledged welfare risks and called for more tangible measures to reduce the risk horses are exposed to. Some participants viewed ‘accidents’ as unavoidable; others believed that more could be done to minimise avoidable risk. Attribution of responsibility was directed towards various industry stakeholders and the public, depending on the participant. While acknowledging advances in horse and jockey safety, there was a tendency for interviewees to describe the industry as fragmented and slow to adapt.
Main limitations: The study did not differentiate between National Hunt and Flat racing and is specific to the UK and Irish racing industries.
Conclusions: While some stakeholders recognise welfare risks and advocate for proactive measures, the current approach to safety remains fragmented, with a strong focus on public relations. For a sustainable future, internal divisions must be resolved, shared goals established, and proactive engagement with science pursued to safeguard equine welfare and sustain public support.
Ethical animal research: Ethical approval was granted by the University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences ethics board, application number 200230351.
Informed consent: Participants gave consent.
Funding: None
The Role of Film Archives in Creating Canons of Eastern European Cinema
No full textThis article discusses the role of Eastern European film archives in creating national and regional cinematic canons. To examine how Eastern European archives contributed to the canonisation of films, it looks at the interests and tastes of the staff working in film archives—especially in the early phase of their existence—the programming of archive cinemas, and the politics of film digitisation. This choice is dictated by two principal considerations. The first is the author’s conviction that considering these processes offers valuable insight into canon formation over a longer period, including recent decades. The second is the opportunity to draw on the author’s first-hand knowledge of the operations of some Eastern European film archives and her interactions with colleagues working there, with whom she has discussed issues about canonisation over the years. The article argues that archives play a significant, although often unrecognised, role in the formation of Eastern European film canons
Exploring How Intent of Self-harm Affects Trainee Healthcare Practitioners’ Views, Attitudes and Clinical Decision-making in Northwest England: A Qualitative Study.
No full textSelf-harm is often stigmatised by healthcare professionals. Little is known about how certain characteristics of the behaviour, like the degree of suicidal intent, affects clinicians’
judgements and responses. This study explored how intent of self-harm (suicidal or nonsuicidal) affects trainee practitioners’ views, attitudes towards the behaviour and clinical
decision-making. A qualitative study using semi-structured online interviews was conducted. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Fifteen trainee healthcare practitioners (psychological wellbeing practitioners, clinical/counselling psychologists, nurses, medics) were interviewed. Three themes were identified: (1) interpreting intent in self-harm: clinical utility and challenges, (2) perceived responsibility of self-harm and (3) Trainees struggle for equal care in a
hierarchical system. Participants observed staff expressing pejorative views towards both forms of self-harm but did not share them. Across most clinical decisions, intent informed
trainees’ judgements and beliefs. Clients presenting with suicidal-related self-harm received more urgent care but fewer therapeutic interventions. Trainees felt ambivalent about distinguishing intent. Nevertheless, this distinction was evident across treatment, risk and care decisions. A consistent approach towards suicidal and non-suicidal self-harm is important. Trainees should be supported in addressing difficult emotions arising from this work, helping shift the blame culture and promote a more empathic approach
From Lab to Clinic: Artificial Intelligence with Spectroscopic Liquid Biopsies
No full textOver recent years, machine learning and artificial intelligence have become critical components of many cancer detection tests, in particular multi-omic tests such as spectroscopic liquid biopsies. The complexity and multi-variate nature of spectral datasets makes machine learning invaluable in uncovering patterns that enable robust differentiation of cancer signals. However, introducing any AI-enabled medical device into clinical practice is challenging due to the regulatory requirements needed to progress from fundamental research to clinical and patient use. This review explores some of the fundamental concerns in bringing spectroscopic liquid biopsies to the clinic, including the need for explainable artificial intelligence and diverse validation sets. Addressing these issues is essential to accelerate clinical uptake with the ultimate goal of improving patient survival and quality of life
P05.05.A INTEGRATED MULTI-OMICS AND MULTI-SPECTRAL PROFILING OF PLASMA EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES REVEALS HIGHLY ACCURATE LIQUID BIOPSY BIOMARKERS FOR GLIOMA DIAGNOSIS.
No full textBACKGROUND Liquid biopsy approaches are revolutionising the management of patients with extracranial solid tumours. However, the techniques investigated have not been effective in neuro-oncology. There is therefore an urgent need to develop an accurate and reproducible liquid biopsy technique for neuro-oncology patients. Plasma small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are proposed as an alternative liquid biopsy analyte for glioma. This study aimed to define, and validate, a comprehensive multi-omics/multi-spectral plasma sEV biomarker signature for glioma diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS sEVs were separated from 1 mL plasma samples using our optimised size exclusion chromatography protocol. Following characterisation according to MISEV2023 guidelines, sEVs were comprehensively analysed using mass spectrometry proteomics, microRNA transcriptomics, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Machine learning approaches (Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbours, Extreme Gradient Boosting) were used to identify the most effective signature that differentiated glioma patients’ samples from gender- and age-matched healthy volunteers’ samples. External validation using two independent patient cohorts and orthogonal multi-omics analysis is ongoing and will be presented. RESULTS Compared to healthy volunteers (n=48), glioma patients’ sEVs (n=56) were larger (p<0.001), with a greater concentration of >80 nm subpopulations (p=0.0024). sEVs -omics analysis identified 305 differentially abundant proteins, including coagulation and cholesterol metabolism associated proteins, and 77 differentially expressed microRNAs, including those associated with gliomas. ATR-FTIR and Raman spectral analysis demonstrated clear differences in overall spectral signature, with differences in sEVs protein, nucleic acid, and lipid composition. Machine learning approaches generated signatures of sEV protein, microRNA, ATR-FTIR, and Raman spectrums with excellent discriminating ability (AUCs 0.916-0.988), whilst the comprehensive integrated sEV biomarker signature could distinguish glioma patients’ samples from healthy volunteers’ samples with near-perfect accuracy (AUC 0.984). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the machine learning integration of sEV multi-omics/multi-spectral datasets can achieve high-fidelity glioma detection, demonstrating clinical scalability for pre-operative diagnosis from 1mL plasma samples. This platform establishes a foundation for liquid biopsy-driven neuro-oncology frameworks
Sharpened Stigma and Double Exclusion: An exploration of the reintegration journeys of formerly imprisoned Deaf people in England and Wales
No full textNo previous study has comprehensively considered the post-prison reintegration experiences of Deaf people in England and Wales. This article explores these experiences, presenting data from Deaf former prisoners and practitioners supporting them. Findings show that many Deaf former prisoners experience multifaceted exclusion, manifesting in a lack of adjustment from probation and other services to meet their needs, and in isolation from the Deaf community due to their conviction. In addition, because of poor community provision, Deaf former prisoners are over-institutionalised in mental health settings. Although some good practice exists in supporting this population, this is sporadic. In presenting these findings, the article contributes to a deeper criminological understanding of the experiences of Deaf people who encounter the criminal justice system
Environmental Sustainability of Clinical Laboratories: A Scoping Review
No full textIntroduction: Climate crisis presents a complex and growing challenge for healthcare systems, contributing to substantial global emissions. The NHS is responsible for 4–5% of the country’s total carbon footprint. Many disciplines are assessing and designing interventions to tackle this issue, however clinical laboratories remain underexplored. Methods: Using multi-database searches, all primary studies assessing environmental outcomes of laboratories were included, screened and data extracted based upon publication year, geography, interconnectivity and area and type of laboratory or test. Findings: There has been longstanding interest in the environmental impact of laboratories, gaining popularity in the last decade. There is a limited number of intervention studies aimed at improving sustainability. Most research originates from the USA, UK and Australia. There is limited interconnectivity of studies included in this review. Studies have primarily been conducted at laboratory level, focusing on quantifying waste in kilograms, measuring carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, and categorising by type and to a lesser degree assessed for specific clinical tests. Across both laboratory and specific test assessments there is notable heterogeneity in methods used and areas explored. Discussion: This review highlights a growing interest and awareness in this important field, the diversity of reported outcomes and the limited interconnectivity of studies suggest it remains a developing area. Lack of consensus in methodologies and outcome measures suggests that establishing a baseline analysis remains a distant goal. Ideally, future efforts should prioritize improving the assessment of individual tests, fostering greater standardization, and enhancing repeatability to strengthen the reliability of environmental impact evaluations