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Unbound Tails and Compressed Heads: A JCMT Study of the SFO 38 Cloud
No full textSFO 38, located in the Cepheus molecular cloud within the northern part of the HII region IC 1396, is shaped by intense ultraviolet radiation from the nearby O6.5V-type star HD 206267 and represents a classic example of a bright-rimmed cloud (BRC) undergoing radiatively driven implosion (RDI). While previous studies have examined the southern globule using CS and 13CO (1-0), we present a refined analysis using high-resolution JCMT-HARP observations in the 12CO, 13CO, and C18O (J = 3-2) lines, deriving key physical parameters along with virial mass and turbulence properties of the southern head. We also perform the first detailed investigation of the northeastern and northwestern tails, determining their morphological dimensions and internal conditions, including excitation temperature, column density, mass, and volume density. Spectral and stability analyses reveal that the tail regions are gravitationally unbound and dynamically expanding, explaining the lack of active star formation. Our results further shed light on the evolutionary fate of these structures, assessing whether they may accumulate sufficient material to become future sites of star formation or remain quiescent. Overall, this work highlights the dual role of RDI in this BRC: while it triggers star formation in the dense head, it simultaneously disperses and dynamically reshapes the extended tails
A Co-Design Exploration of Screen Design Transitions
No full textYoung children’s technology usage is on the rise and transitioning from on screen to off screen can often be difficult for both parents and children. The aim of this study is to explore whether older children can assist in the design of these transitions with younger users in mind. seventy-five children, aged 9 - 11, participated in a co-design session where they were required to transition designs for children aged 3 - 5 years. To explore different transitioning solutions, the children were split in three conditions (in device, in app, and external
transitions). Our paper offers insights into the way children can design for others in relation to screen time ending, we critique different scaffolding methods that were used and offer advice for others doing similar work in this regard, and we suggest some design ideas for further exploration
Drivers of efficient destination management in times of transition: Key findings for Destination Development Management and Marketing Organisations (DDMMOs)
No full textThis paper reflects on the results of a survey and aims to illuminate the operations of the Destination Development, Management and Marketing Organisations (DDMMOs) by
identifying different Key Performance Areas (KPAs), the indicators connected to them, and examining how they influence each other. Various linkages were explored between
Enablers and Results performance areas, both within and across these categories. The use of multivariate statistical techniques such as Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), along with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), chi-square tests, Pearson correlation, and other descriptive statistical methods yielded several insightful findings. The authors developed a research model which operated at an observation level and measured all the latent variables and tested all the hypothetical dependencies. The model investigates causal relationships among variables and understands how each contributes to overall performance. Researchers created a questionnaire using the EFQM framework which consisted of seven constructs and 72 indicators rated on a Likert scale (1-5). Out of the 141 questionnaires distributed, 128 were considered valid and formed the sample for this research. All respondents were experienced employees/managers of DDMMOs in various roles. The results revealed that Leadership is one of the most valuable functions that DDMMOs can
provide, and that when stakeholders trust the DDMMO, they become more efficient. The optimal size and ownership structure should be tailored to the specific needs of the destination, which can also influence how it manages its response. Furthermore, this paper revealed the link between sustainability and performance. The effectiveness of DDMMOs will largely determine the impact on the local economy and society. The research model developed together with the insights revealed is a testament of the practical relevance of this paper
‘Where seagulls don’t land anymore’: Are British seaside resorts trending again?
No full textTraditional British seaside resorts are often described in terms of their slow decline since the advent of cheap package holidays to the Mediterranean in the 1960s. Whilst there is some truth to this, the story is not that simple. For many in Britain, especially working-class families, it wasn’t until the early 1980s that trips to the Med would become affordable and commonplace. Furthermore, burgeoning competition for tourists’ interest included rural destinations easily reached by car.
Holiday habits certainly changed quickly, yet British seaside resorts still attracted large numbers of visitors. For instance, Blackpool’s popularity remained largely unchecked until the 1980s. By the 1980s and 1990s, however, most traditional seaside resorts had started to struggle; losing many attractions and guest houses. Losses were particularly acute for medium-sized resorts that were neither small enough to be exclusive nor big enough to sustain major attractions
Reduced risk of colorectal cancer with non-sulfasalazine 5-ASAs in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease and anti-TNF therapy in ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textObjective
The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elevated in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) population. We aimed to examine the association of biologics, 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASAs) and immunomodulators with the risk of CRC and/or dysplasia (CRC/Dys) in different IBD phenotypes.
Methods
We searched Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to 15 March 2025 for all studies assessing the association of biologics, 5-ASAs and immunomodulators on the occurrence of CRC/Dys in adults (≥16 years) with IBD. No randomised controlled trials were identified. Data were pooled using a random effects model generating relative risk (RR) estimates.
Results
Fifty observational studies containing 29 325 cases of CRC/Dys in 1 434 939 patients with IBD were included. Biologic therapies (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.85, I 2 =56.8%) and 5-ASAs (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.70 to 0.86, I 2 =52.1%) were associated with a reduced risk of CRC/Dys in patients with IBD. Immunomodulators were not associated with a reduced risk (RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.82 to 1.02, I 2 =82.7%). After stratification for IBD phenotypes, medication subgroups and CRC outcome, anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapies were associated with a reduced risk of CRC in patients with ulcerative colitis (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.83, I 2 =0%) but not in Crohn’s disease. Non-sulfasalazine 5-ASAs were associated with a reduced risk of CRC in ulcerative colitis (RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.96, I 2 =75.4%) and Crohn’s disease (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.81 to 0.87, I 2 =41.9%).
Conclusion
Use of anti-TNF biologics or non-sulfasalazine 5-ASAs is associated with a reduction in CRC risk in IBD, with differential effects by IBD phenotype.
PROSPERO registration number
CRD42024559501
Implementation of trauma unit guidance for inpatient management of adult traumatic brain injury: a cross-sectional survey
No full textPurpose
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults, with a substantial number managed in non-specialist trauma units. Despite national guidance, variability persists in inpatient TBI management. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a newly developed regional guideline for the inpatient care of adult TBI patients.
Materials and methods
A multidisciplinary team developed a structured inpatient guideline addressing neurological observation, medication safety, imaging, escalation to neurosurgery, and discharge criteria. The guideline was disseminated across 12 Trauma Units in the East of England Trauma Network. The launch of the guideline was conducted over Microsoft Teams, with invitations sent to all specialties and disciplines across the Trauma Network. To assess its perceived impact, an online survey evaluating confidence, knowledge, and current practice was conducted among clinicians pre- and post-guideline implementation.
Results
A total of 64 clinicians responded to the initial survey. Prior to the launch of the guideline, 39% of respondents reported the lack of clear guidance on when to perform repeat CT imaging for TBI, 78% were unsure of restarting anticoagulation, 55% were unclear on discharge criteria, and 83% were unaware of local neurorehabilitation pathways. Only 19% reported confidence in prescribing anti-epileptic drugs, and 8% in reversing anticoagulation. While GCS and pupil checks were commonly used, only 58% assessed limb power—a key sign of neurological deterioration. Overall, 90% supported the introduction of a structured inpatient guideline.
Conclusions
The findings highlight substantial gaps in clinician confidence and variability in practice for TBI patients managed in trauma units. The implementation of a regionally tailored inpatient guideline was well-received and has the potential to improve safety, consistency, and quality of TBI care outside specialist centres
A systematic review of soft liners in dentistry: Properties, uses, and challenges
No full textResilient liners can enhance removable prosthodontics when applied properly. Because none of the recommended permanent liners last as long as resin denture foundations, they are best used as temporary solutions and present their disadvantages and attempts to extend their lifespan. This article briefly discusses the history, properties, and indications of soft liners, the different varieties of soft liners available on the market today, and some essential considerations to remember when using these materials. a midline search was completed for the period from prior years till 2022. an electronic investigation was performed in the databases of PubMed, Google, EBSCOhost, and Science Direct. the review found that when using soft liners in clinical settings, it is important to think about the biological compatibility of the product, in addition to its strength and endurance in the oral environment. However, these lining materials may present both mechanical and physical challenges in medical applications. The limitations inherent in soft liners are now being addressed using novel materials and techniques
Word order effects in sentence reading
Get PDFThe SEAM model (Rabe et al., 2024) and the OB1-Reader model (Snell, van Leipsig, et al., 2018) suggest that readers lexically process words in parallel, with the OB1 model further specifying that those words are formed into a sentence-level representation irrespective of their order of presentation. The serial model, E-Z Reader (Reichle, 2011), in contrast, stipulates that words are identified serially and sequentially. The current eye tracking experiment investigated whether, how frequently, and how rapidly readers detect sentential anomalies arising from word transpositions and ungrammatical sentence final words. We also assessed the consequences in the eye movement record of processing such transpositions and ungrammaticalities to evaluate theoretical claims extrapolated from different eye movement models. This was done via target word pair (transposed vs. non-transposed) and a final word grammaticality (grammatical vs. ungrammatical) experimental manipulations. Readers were better at judging the grammaticality of sentences containing both a word transposition and an ungrammatical final word than those with solely a word transposition. Critically, transposed words caused significant disruption to reading, but not prior to readers fixating the first word of the transposed word pair. Furthermore, an ungrammatical sentence-final word attracted readers’ fixations and caused increased re-reading in the absence of a word transposition compared to when it was preceded by a transposed word pair. Together the results show the importance of canonical word order for natural undisrupted reading and question claims for parallel lexical identification in relation to eye movement control during reading
PFCS: An efficient Path setup and Fast Channel Switching protocol for cognitive mobile IoTs
No full textCognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) have become a prominent platform in recent years, particularly in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 5.0. CRNs include Primary Users (PUs) and Secondary Users (SUs). PUs are licensed users with priority over SUs for spectrum utilization. The growth rate of wireless devices is 40% annually. The available wireless spectrum is not quite enough to handle this immense growth rate. These facts makes channel assignment in CRNs as one of the highly explored research areas. In this study, we propose a cross-layer efficient routing protocol and channel selection algorithm for IoT named, an efficeint Path setup and Fast Channel Switching (PFCS) for IoT-based Mobile Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks (CRAHNs). PFCS evaluates multiple paths using various important network parameters and selects the path with minimal end-to-end channel switching and the highest score. Additionally, PFCS proposes a local channel recovery algorithm to handle PU activity through controlled broadcast. The recovery algorithm aims to resume ongoing communication with minimal control overhead. The proposed PFCS is compared with state-of-the-art, Software-Defined Routing Protocol (SDRP) and Optimal Channel Selection algorithm for CRahNs (OCSCRN) with varying numbers of PUs and SUs in Mobile Cognitive Radio Networks (MCRNs). Results demonstrate that PFCS outperforms SDRP and OCSCRN in terms of Delay, Packet Delivery Function (PDF), Routing overhead, and Network life
Unlocking value: exploring the impact of ESG performance and board gender diversity on mitigating stock price crash risk
Get PDFWe examine the role of environmental, social and governance performance (ESGP), board gender diversity (BGD), and their interactive effect on stock price crash risk (SPCR). Using a dataset of Chinese companies listed in the A-share market between 2015 and 2022 and employing three-stage least squares statistics to address the endogeneity issue, we found that ESGP is negatively associated with SPCR. Notably, BGD exhibits a positive association with SPCR. However, the interaction between ESGP and BGD reveals a negative relationship with SPCR, suggesting that ESGP moderates the positive effect of BGD on crash-related risk. Our results still hold even after conducting a series of robustness checks, such as using a fixed effect model, a two-step GMM estimator, and alternative measures of ESGP and BGD. This study contributes to the governance and sustainability literature by highlighting the influence of ESGP and BGD on SPCR and their interactive role in mitigating crash risk through enhanced transparency, stronger stakeholder relations, and improved risk management. It offers valuable organisational and policy implications, suggesting that Chinese listed companies can leverage ESGP to effectively reduce SPCR and strengthen corporate governance practices