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Using Machine Learning to Estimate Near-ultraviolet Magnitudes and Probe Quenching Mechanisms of z = 0 Nuggets in the RESOLVE and ECO Surveys
Get PDFWe present a z = 0 census of nuggets—compact galaxies that form via gas-rich violent disk instability—within the luminosity- and volume-limited RESOLVED Spectroscopy Of a Local VolumE (RESOLVE) and Environmental COntext (ECO) surveys. We use random forest (RF) models to predict near-ultraviolet (NUV) magnitudes for ECO galaxies that lack high-quality NUV magnitudes, thereby doubling the number of ECO galaxies with reliable extinction-corrected star formation rates (SFRs) and red/green/blue classifications based on specific SFRs (sSFRs). The resulting RF-enhanced RESOLVE+ECO nugget sample allows us to analyze rare subpopulations—green nuggets and nuggets with active galactic nuclei (AGN)—likely associated with quenching. Green nuggets are more similar to red nuggets than to blue nuggets in halo mass (Mhalo) distribution, with both red and green nuggets being found mainly at Mhalo ≥ 1011.4M⊙, where permanent halo quenching is predicted. At these masses, the AGN frequency for green nuggets is higher (48.2% −5.3%5.3% ) than for either blue (39.2% −2.8%2.9% ) or red (29.3% −2.8%3.0% ) nuggets. Between Mhalo = 1011.4–1012M⊙, at the onset of permanent quenching, the AGN frequency for green nuggets is nearly double the frequency for blue or red nuggets, implying AGN are associated with this transition. At Mhalo < 1011.4M⊙, where temporary cyclic quenching is expected, the AGN frequency for blue nuggets (7.5% −1.2%1.4% ) is lower than for either green (31.3% −7.5%8.7% ) or red (18.8% −7.8%11.5% ) nuggets. At all masses, nuggets with AGN have reduced sSFRs and likely also atomic gas content compared to nuggets without AGN, but the quenching is more extreme below Mhalo = 1011.4M⊙
Mosley Height Cairn, Causewayside Farm, Cliviger: excavations in 2010 and a re-evaluation of the collections in Towneley Hall Museum
No full textExcavations on the former site of the Mosley Height cairn have allowed the reinterpretation of the published excavation report and a more detailed and integrated study of the material culture from the site. Radiocarbon dating indicates that cremation burial took place between the early 18th and late 16th centuries cal BC. Artefacts from the site include Mesolithic, Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age lithics and parts of three collared urns. Cremated human bone from the site survives from three separate deposits and represents a minimum of three individuals. Activity on the site is likely to have begun in the Late Neolithic, with the main cairn and burial phase belonging to the Early Bronze Age. Comparison with other Early Bronze Age funerary monuments in the region demonstrates that the monument was deliberately sited on the west facing edge of the Burnley moors in an area of previous occupation
Developing a Strategic Action Plan for Reducing the Burden of Stroke in Africa: Report of the First African Stroke Leaders' Summit
Get PDFIntroduction: Stroke is a leading cause of adult neurologic disability, cognitive decline, and death worldwide, and particularly in Africa. Stroke research in Africa has exposed challenges militating against the translation of research evidence into practice and policy. The evidence-based, context-sensitive multilevel strategies required to surmount these challenges are presented in this report on the first African Stroke Leaders' Summit (ASLS) organized to tackle the burden of stroke in Africa. Methods: The Africa -UK Stroke Partnership (AUKSP) Project had a Steering Committee (SC) and four themebased Working Groups (WGs): stroke services, stroke training/capacity building, research and stroke advocacy, each with defined terms of reference. These groups generated 20 priorities (5 per thematic area) during breakout sessions at the first ASLS which were further refined into four topmost priorities (1 per thematic area) at the general consensus session. Results: The topmost priorities included promoting the development of acute stroke services (stroke services), strengthening population-based stroke education focusing on prevention and symptom recognition (stroke training), research on hypertension control to reduce stroke risk (stroke research), and developing national stroke action plans (advocacy).Conclusion: Sustained reduction of stroke burden in Africa requires the adaptation of best practices to the African context, building the capacity of African stroke care professionals and using available resources with political support. Improving stroke literacy in African communities is a complementary strategy to reinforce healthy lifestyle choices and improve screening and detection of hypertension and other modifiable stroke risk factors. This process will culminate in a strategic African Stroke Action Plan (ASAP), the blueprint for the control of stroke in Africa
Foot orthosis with posterior-medial posting alone produces similar effects than anterior-medial plus posterior-medial postings on the lower limb mechanics and muscle activation during normal walking.
No full textObjectives
The purpose of this study was to compare lower limb mechanics and muscle activation during walking at self-selected speed under three randomized conditions: 5o medial rearfoot posting, 5o medial rearfoot and forefoot posting, and a control flat insole.
Methods
A cross-sectional, repeated measures study was conducted on 16 subjects without major anatomical disorders, evaluating the kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation from the lower limb and pelvis under 3 experimental conditions. Repeated Measures ANOVAs were performed to compare conditions.
Results
The medially posted conditions increased the knee adduction impulse (p = 0.006). Significant reductions in muscle activity were noted for the abductor hallucis (p < 0.001) iEMG for both sets of medial posted foot orthoses.
Conclusions
Both foot orthoses compared to control insole, reduces foot pronation and hip internal rotation, increases the knee adduction impulse and reduces the muscle activity of the Abductor Hallucis during the stance phase of walking
Delusions: A Project in Understanding
No full textThis chapter gives an illustrated overview of recent philosophical work on the concept of delusion. Drawing on a number of case vignettes, examples are given of the wide range of theories that has been advanced to explain this most challenging of experiences. Some have agreed with the philosophical founder of modern descriptive psychopathology, Karl Jaspers, that delusions are (empathically at least) “ununderstandable.” The large majority, though, has sought to understand delusion in terms of aberrations of one kind or another either of beliefs (or related mental contents such as imaginings) or of the grounds or preconditions for beliefs. As a project in understanding, these theories offer helpful insights. A further group of theories focuses on the agential aspects of delusion as reflected, for example, in their role in the insanity defense. Agential theories converge with the person-centered approaches of contemporary empirical and clinical work on delusion. Such approaches bring an additional level of complexity in the form of delusions that are not pathological but adaptive in the life of the person concerned. As such they show the challenge of understanding delusion to be a project not just of understanding but of mutual understanding
The Contemporary Use of Cooling Modalities in the Recovery From Sport Injury
Get PDFThe therapeutic application of any modality that removes heat from the body and results in a decrease in tissue temperature may come under the umbrella term of ‘cryotherapy’. Commonly used in sport for injury, rehabilitation, and recovery for readiness to perform, the typical rationale for its use is a reduction in perception of pain, or muscle soreness among other physiological responses. To facilitate the recovery process from sports injury, cryotherapeutic modalities are often applied with the intention to positively control and affect metabolic and inflammatory processes, with the aim of aiding in the healing process, not preventing it altogether. That said, debates concerning the use of cryotherapy within early stages of an injury are prevalent in recent literature. Although, this is predominantly due to a lack of understanding of the multifaceted responses that underpin its beneficial use within a sporting context. Consequently, optimal cooling protocols for the recovery of sport injury are limited, despite supporting evidence for its use. Yet it is known that modalities and protocols differ in the responses they can achieve.
Recent applied research (Alexander et al., 2021; Alexander et al, 2021a) has demonstrated that several variables affect the optimisation of cooling protocols for injury recovery
including, although not limited to the thermodynamic properties of cooling modes, dose exposure, compression adjunct, phase change and markers of performance. Adaptations
to these variables have shown to affect biomechanical, biochemical, physiological and psychological responses synchronously. Therefore, we cannot consider the impact of
cryotherapy on one of these response without the other when devising optimal applications for sport injury recovery. Consequently, for cryotherapy to be effective as a treatment
modality in the use of sport injury, its ability to reduce tissue temperature within a safe therapeutic range combined with practitioner decision-making around application timing and modality choice is key. Several advancements in cooling technologies and protocols from our work and others have been developed to offer a better understanding of the multifaceted response to cryotherapy for sport injury recovery. Furthermore, to maximise the effectiveness of its use within the applied setting, our research continues to investigate the individualisation of cryotherapeutic protocols in consideration of the underlying mechanisms to optimally affect the physiological, biomechanical, biochemical and psychological responses most appropriately within elite sport populations. The aim of this short review is however to provide a contemporary critical discussion on the current
approaches of cooling modalities in the recovery from injury within a sporting context
Effectiveness of Digital Interventions That Are Available for Healthcare Professionals Who Experience Psychological Trauma: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFAims: Historically, healthcare professionals were prone to experiencing turmoil of emotions prominent to psychological trauma due to the nature of their work. The healthcare professionals were subjected to elevated risks of psychological elements, leading to mental health implications due to the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. By extension, these mental health repercussions can highly affect the patients’ care as they profoundly affect the healthcare professionals from offering the best quality of care. Different types of digitalised psychological interventions exist and seem to be making an increased trend into being added into the medical field. They are becoming increasingly popular for mental health improvements due to their cost-effectiveness, their scalability, their ability to offer greater anonymity and stigma reduction compared with traditional interventions. Randomised controlled studies (RCTs) were systematically reviewed to explore the effectiveness of digital interventions which are available for healthcare professionals who experience psychological trauma.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across four electronic databases, Pubmed, Medline Ovid, Embase Ovid, PsychINFO Ovid, resulting in a total of six RCTs that met inclusion criteria. Assessment of study quality and risk of bias were conducted using the Jadad scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool respectively. Whilst the RCTs included in the review investigated the efficacy of interventions on healthcare professionals’ wellbeing, the modalities of the interventions varied. Interventions included smartphone-based stress management modules, resilience training, smartphone applications focusing on emotional skills, cognitive-behavioural therapy exercises and psychoeducation, as well as computerised Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) intervention and internet intervention enhancing self-efficacy. As a result, a meta-analysis was not applicable to be carried out.
Results: Based on the findings, digital interventions had positive impacts on reducing the mental strain experienced by healthcare professionals. Some studies proved that the improvements were of statistical significance. The results of the RCTs in this review looked promising for the future of digital interventions targeting the mental wellbeing of healthcare professionals. In particular, the computerised EMDR intervention and the self-guided internet intervention targeting self-efficacy or social support, illustrated the potential benefits in its results. However, other studies indicated the need for further research before definitive conclusions can be drawn. The majority of the studies used a smartphone-based intervention. However, there was no correlation between the efficacy of these RCTs and this feature of their modality.
Conclusion: The scarce literature available in relation to this topic displayed promising evidence that digital interventions helped healthcare professionals experiencing psychological trauma
Verification of intimate and non-intimate recovery of DNA within Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs)
Get PDFThis paper describes the verification of DNA recovery processes undertaken in forensic medical examination facilities within Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs) across England and Wales in the investigation of rape and sexual assault. This is in support of a national initiative for SARCs to provide additional quality assurances regarding forensic integrity. This is achieved through compliance with the Forensic Science Regulator (FSR) Code of Practice including accreditation to ISO 15189 Medical Laboratories: Requirements for Quality & Competence.
Existing national Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine (FFLM) recommended intimate and non-intimate DNA recovery processes were verified by five SARCs in a pilot study utilising both in vivo and in vitro testing. Three types of recovery scenarios were tested: 1) non-intimate recovery of touch DNA was undertaken from volunteers’ skin following simulated struggles; 2) non-intimate recovery of blood, semen and saliva on simulated skin surfaces; 3) intimate recovery of known semen and saliva donors from gynaecological anatomical models. No contamination issues were observed in the non-intimate sample recovery exercises where the recovery technique is the same for live casework. However, with a minority of the intimate sample recoveries, some iatrogenic transfer of seeded DNA within the models was identified. Root cause analysis of the data led to the development of a new approach for training and known outcome competence assessment in intimate DNA recovery using gynaecological models seeded with invisible UV dyes to detect unintended transfer events. This verification exercise has led to the creation of the first SARC proficiency testing scheme
HX01 Avicenna: an influence on modern dermatology
No full textMedicine in the modern age has evolved significantly from its nascent roots, when practices were heavily influenced by cultural beliefs and pseudoscientific systems. Robert Willan is heralded as the father of modern dermatology, but the foundations of the specialty can arguably be traced back to Avicenna, or Ibn Sina. An eminent philosopher and physician of the Islamic Golden Age, ‘The Prince of Physicians’ was born in Ad 980 near Bukhara, the capital of the Samani Kingdom, in what is now Uzbekistan. Among his numerous accolades, he served as the Emir’s personal physician. Avicenna was a trailblazer of his era, penning the seminal Canon of Medicine, which became the definitive medical encyclopaedia from the 12th to the 17th century. William Osler described it as a ‘medical bible’. Avicenna’s intellectual prowess was evident from a young age: by 10, he had memorized the Qur’an, and by 16, he had a strong command of logic, metaphysics, mathematics and physics. The Canon of Medicine dedicated an entire chapter to dermatology, detailing conditions such as vitiligo, melasma, scabies, pediculosis, acne and psoriasis. Additionally, Avicenna discussed hair and nail disorders, including hair loss, lice infestations, nail splitting and pitting. He also addressed cosmetic concerns such as hair straightening and discolouring agents. In recognition of his contributions to medicine, a lunar crater was named after him in 1970. A narrative review exploring Persian medical sources, including Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine, examined nonpharmacological treatments for psoriasis. It identified humoral imbalance and dry skin dystemperament as key pathophysiological factors, alongside diet, physical activity, sleep, climate and mental state. Treatment, therefore, aimed to correct these imbalances: activities increasing dryness, such as excessive exercise and exposure to extreme temperatures, were discouraged, while proper nutrition, sleep and moderate exercise were emphasized. Notably, prolonged bathing was seen to induce dryness through sweating, whereas shorter baths were believed to have a moisturizing effect. Avicenna was arguably among the earliest pioneers of dermatology, laying the foundations for the specialty. His influence remains deeply embedded in medical practice, leaving a lasting legacy for future generations
Research on Advertising Effect Evaluation Model and Algorithm Based on Multimodal Data
No full textThe rapid growth of digital advertising has created a dynamic situation with a wide range of content types and complex customer behavior. The variety of data sources accessible in the age of digital marketing has made assessing the success of advertising efforts a difficult task. This study’s goal is to explore a novel multimodal data-based advertising effect evaluation model and algorithm to offer a thorough examination of digital advertising effectiveness. To collect multi-model data, which include text, audio, video, and user interaction data related to the advertisement, the data were preprocessed to handle stemming, image resizing, and normalization of the obtained multi-model data. Then, the features are extracted using convolution neural networks (CNNs) employed to extract visual features, while bag of words (BoW) is used to analyze audio and text data for emotional patterns. Finally, the extracted features are fused. This study proposed a novel modified crayfish-optimized multimodal long short-term memory (MCFO-MLSTM) to evaluate the effectiveness of the advertisement. The model dynamically adjusts video content and playback mode based on user emotions and behaviors, enhancing engagement and ad effectiveness. The findings show that the suggested approach performs better in terms of consumer satisfaction with tailored advertisements, enhances advertising design, and increases viewer engagement. This research contributes to advancing advertising evaluation techniques by incorporating multimodal data and emotion-driven algorithms