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Intentions and actions towards leaving healthcare work since COVID-19: group-based trajectory analyses in the UK-REACH cohort.
No full textObjectivesRetaining healthcare workers is often challenging. We studied predictors and patterns of leaving or wanting to leave healthcare work over time (attrition intentions and/or actions) in a UK cohort.DesignUsing five waves of longitudinal data (2020-2024), we performed group-based trajectory analysis to identify subgroups of healthcare workers with similar patterns of attrition intentions and/or actions over time. We described the characteristics of individuals in each trajectory, and used age-, sex- and occupation-adjusted multinomial logistic regression to identify predictors of trajectory membership.SettingsUnited Kingdom.ParticipantsParticipants of the United Kingdom Research study into Ethnicity and COVID-19 outcomes in Healthcare workers (UK-REACH, N = 5499).Main outcome measures'Attrition intentions and/or actions' was defined as a healthcare worker having intentions (or having taken action) to leave their role (including early retirement).ResultsWe identified three trajectories of attrition intentions and/or actions: consistently low (47.7%), moderate and increasing (36.8%) and consistently high (15.5%). Attrition intentions were linked to action: the majority of the 'consistently high' group had taken action to leave or change their job. Factors associated with the two latter trajectories included older age, job role (nursing, midwifery and dental), experiencing discrimination and poor mental health. Financial insecurity was strongly associated with attrition intentions and/or actions.ConclusionsOver half of UK healthcare workers surveyed intended or had taken action to leave or change their role. Interventions to enhance workforce sustainability could be targeted at older workers and those in nursing, midwifery and dental roles and focus on reducing discrimination, improving mental health and protecting the financial security healthcare worker jobs offer
Knowledge of breastfeeding-related musculoskeletal disorders and suitable breastfeeding positions among pregnant women in Enugu, Nigeria
No full textBackground: Breastfeeding-related musculoskeletal disorders (BRMSDs) are prevalent among nursing mothers. Knowledge of suitable breastfeeding positions and their adverse health outcomes is necessary for the prevention of BRMSDs. However, research is lacking that has examined this in the southeast Nigerian population.
Objectives: To assess the knowledge of BRMSDs and suitable breastfeeding positions among pregnant women in the Enugu metropolis.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted on 100 pregnant women (mean age of 27.2 ± 5.0 years) who completed a researcher-structured questionnaire on the knowledge of BRMSDs and general characteristics of the participants. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics of Chi-square at p<0.05.
Results: Slightly over half (55.0%) of the respondents lacked awareness of BRMSDs. Out of the 45% of them who were aware of BRMSDs, the majority gained the knowledge from antenatal and postnatal clinics (62.2%) and identified the upper/lower back (82.2%) and neck (62.2%) as the most affected body parts while breastfeeding for long hours per session was identified as the most common cause of BRMSDs (57.7%). The majority (53.0%) of the respondents have average knowledge of suitable breastfeeding positions. Furthermore, primigravida, a lesser number of previous childbirths, a lesser number of previous children, no previous breastfeeding experience, and non-attendance of antenatal classes in previous pregnancy(ies) were significantly (p<0.05) associated with pregnant women’s knowledge of BRMSDs.
Conclusion: Knowledge of BRMSDs and suitable breastfeeding positions is fair among pregnant women. Maternal education to address these gaps is recommended
Lumbopelvic moments are key contributors to lower limb forward acceleration and deceleration in male runners
No full textLumbopelvic moments may affect the lower-limb accelerations and decelerations that contribute to the limb forward displacement during running. We investigated the lower-limb anteroposterior accelerations induced by axial and sagittal lumbopelvic and sagittal lower-limb joint moments during limb forward acceleration (late stance and early swing) and limb deceleration (late swing) at different running speeds. Subject-specific simulations were performed using kinematic and kinetic data for ten healthy male runners during treadmill running at speeds of 2, 3, 4, and 5 m/s. The anteroposterior accelerations of the lower-limb mass center induced by the lumbopelvic, hip, knee, and ankle moments were estimated through induced acceleration analysis for the lower-limb segments. The contribution of each joint moment to lower-limb acceleration (during late stance and early swing) and deceleration (during late swing) was computed and compared using Analysis of Variance (α=0.05). The contribution of the lumbopelvic axial moment to acceleration was larger than the other joints’ contributions (p<0.001) (44.1%-54.7% of all contributions), except for the ankle plantarflexion moment contribution in the 2, 3, and 4m/s speeds. The contributions of the lumbopelvic axial and sagittal moments to deceleration were the largest (p<0.001) (47.3% ± 7%; 46.3% ± 6.6%, respectively). The relative contributions of the lumbopelvic axial moment increased with higher running speeds, while the lumbopelvic sagittal and ankle contributions decreased. In running, the lumbopelvic axial moment is principally responsible for limb forward acceleration during late stance and first part of swing, while the lumbopelvic axial and sagittal moments are the main limb decelerators before the following foot contact
Language Experience and Reading Ability modulate Word Recognition in Deaf Readers
No full textFor most deaf readers, learning to read is a challenging task. Visual word recognition is crucial during reading, however, little is known about the cognitive mechanism of Chinese deaf readers during visual word recognition. In the present study, two experiments explored the activation of orthographic, phonological, and sign language representations during Chinese word recognition. Eye movements were recorded as participants read sentences containing orthographically similar words, homophones, sign language-related words, or unrelated words. All deaf readers showed shorter reading times for orthographically similar words compared to unrelated words. However, when the reading ability was controlled, the homophone advantage was observed only for deaf readers with more oral language experience, whereas the sign language advantage was observed only for deaf readers with more sign language experience. When language experience was controlled, in comparison to deaf readers with lower reading fluency levels, those with higher reading fluency levels had more stable orthographic and sign language representations. Deaf college readers with more oral language experience activate word meanings through orthographic and phonological representation, whereas deaf college readers with more sign language experience activate word meanings through orthographic and sign language representation, reflecting a unique cognitive mechanism, and, reading ability moderates this process
The impact of maternity care models on perinatal outcomes for women who gave birth and their babies: A national survey.
No full textThere are several maternity care models in Australia providing varying levels of continuity of care in the private and public maternity system. These were disrupted to varying degrees during the pandemic. To examine the impact of the five main maternity care models in Australia on perinatal outcomes for women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic and their babies. A national survey, was conducted from March to December 2020, and again from August 2021 to March 2022. A weighted sample of 3682 postnatal women provided information on birthing outcomes. Survey tabulations of prevalence and weighted logistic regressions examined associations between five models of maternity care and perinatal outcomes. Compared with standard care, continuity of care in both public (MWCOC) and private midwife (PPM) models was associated with higher odds of: spontaneous labour (MWCOC AOR 1.66; CI 1.35-2.04; PPM AOR 11.01; CI 0.6.29-19.28), spontaneous vaginal birth (MWCOC AOR 1.84; CI 1.49-2.28; PPM AOR 3.14; CI 2.08-4.73), postnatal midwife visits at home, feeling supported postnatally, feeling the care provider showed commitment, and feeling known by the care provider; as well as lower odds: of induction, elective and emergency caesarean section, augmentation with oxytocin, perceived traumatic birth (MWCOC AOR 0.57; CI 0.45-0.73; PPM AOR 0.49; CI 0.31-0.77), fetal distress, and infant admission to special/neonatal intensive care. Compared to standard care, private obstetric care was associated with lower rates of postpartum haemorrhage, perceived traumatic birth (AOR 0.56; CI 0.45-0.69), spontaneous labour (AOR 0.45; CI 0.37-0.54), spontaneous vaginal birth (AOR 0.54; CI 0.45-0.65), postnatal home visits from a midwife, and higher rates of elective caesarean section (AOR 2.65; CI 2.12-3.30). Continuity of midwifery care models are associated with lower intervention rates and birth trauma compared to standard care. However, for women who seek, or are not concerned about increased obstetric intervention, private obstetric care also leads to lower rates of birth trauma when compared to standard care. Continuity of care models should be prioritised in future disaster events. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Trust in Science
No full textThis open access book proposes that Europe has something to offer in the current landscape, namely decades of experience when it comes to addressing societal, ethical, and regulatory challenges of technoscientific change. Science is experiencing unprecedented turbulence as US government officials and Big Tech CEOs actively undermine its authority, particularly when scientific findings conflict with economic interests and power dynamics in polarized policy debates. At this time when Europe is closely monitoring what is happening "across the Pond" and struggles to position itself between giant technoscientific superpowers, researchers from three European projects joined forces to examine Science and Society's role and their interrelationship in addressing global challenges. In this Springer Brief, the authors ask core questions about Trust in Science: Are we indeed facing a trust crisis, as some sources suggest? Should science be trusted, or rather: should trust in science be promoted, and if so on what grounds? If fostering trust in science is a worthwhile and valid objective, how can it be achieved?
The authors contend that through participatory research methodologies, "European sciences" have the opportunity to strengthen their responsiveness to societal values, priorities, and concerns."
Hub Zwart (1960) studied philosophy and psychology at Radboud University Nijmegen (The Netherlands) and defended his thesis in 1993. In 2000, he became full professor of Philosophy at the Faculty of Science RU Nijmegen. In 2018, he was appointed as the dean of Erasmus School of Philosophy (Erasmus University Rotterdam). He is an editor-in-chief of the Library for Ethics and Applied Philosophy (Springer). His research develops a philosophical (dialectical) perspective on contemporary technoscience. Special attention is devoted to the dialectical relationship between science and genres of the imagination (drama, poetry, cinema, novels, music). In 2017, he published Tales of Research Misconduct (Springer Nature, open access) and in 2022 Continental Philosophy of Technoscience (Springer Nature, open access)
Neuromarketing Approaches to Shaping Healthy Consumer Choices: An Integrative Analysis of Methods, Efficacy, and Ethical Considerations
No full textThis paper explores the integrative application of neuromarketing techniques to promote healthier consumer choices by examining various neuroscientific methods, their efficacy, and the ethical challenges they pose. It highlights how advancements in neuroimaging and AI-driven tools enhance understanding of subconscious decision-making processes, enabling more effective and targeted interventions. The study also critically assesses ethical considerations, emphasizing the need for responsible practices that respect consumer autonomy and societal well-being. Ultimately, it advocates for ethically grounded neuromarketing strategies to foster sustainable, health-oriented consumer behavior in the evolving marketplace
‘It was a challenge to look at things from a perpetrator perspective’. The Problem of Holding domestically abusive men to account in Multi-agency Partnership work
Full text linkOne of the most challenging aspects of multi-agency partnership work aimed at reducing domestic abuse is the problem of holding perpetrators to account. Drawing on findings from our recent mixed methods evaluation of a revised approach to multi-agency policing of domestic abuse, this article explores this problem from the perspective of the multi-agency practitioner stakeholders. We present evidence attesting to the challenge these stakeholders are experiencing as they strive to ensure they play their part in ensuring the perpetrator is accountable for their behaviour. We review what is known about male perpetrators and perpetrator programmes and examine our findings in the context of the wider challenges of engaging perpetrators in behavioural change. We argue that the perpetrator is the elusive stakeholder in multi-agency partnership work to reduce domestic abuse and that the web of accountability requires strengthening if domestically abusive men are to be held to account
Evaluating rehabilitation and return to play procedures in male professional football: A narrative review.
No full textInjuries in male professional football present a multi-faceted and complex challenge for practitioners with significant consequences across performance, psychosocial and financial domains. Medical and performance staff encounter considerable pressure to maximise player availability and advance rehabilitation timeframes, whilst minimising the risk of subsequent injury. Decisions involving increased risk promise, potentially, higher rewards and may significantly influence a player’s career and team performance. Therefore, it is crucial that rehabilitation and return to play (RTP) procedures are evidence-informed and strategically designed to mitigate subsequent injury risk. Due to the complex nature of injuries, and the multidisciplinary approach required during the rehabilitation process, a wide range of knowledge and skills are essential to inform a shared decision-making process and successful-RTP. To support the understanding of the competencies required, this narrative review gives an overview of existing aetiological models, decision-making frameworks and RTP approaches within the current literature. The current role of criteria-based progressions in rehabilitation frameworks are evaluated and potential future research, that could improve rehabilitation procedures and inform better RTP decision-making and post-RTP care in the professional football environment, is highlighted