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Seed Halopriming: A Promising Strategy to Induce Salt Tolerance in Indonesian Pigmented Rice
No full textUnfavorable environmental conditions and climate change impose stress on plants, causing yield losses worldwide. The Indonesian pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Cempo Ireng Pendek (black rice) and Merah Kalimantan Selatan (red rice) are becoming popular functional foods due to their high anthocyanin contents and have great potential for widespread cultivation. However, their ability to grow on marginal, high-salinity lands is limited. In this study, we investigated whether seed halopriming enhances salt tolerance in the two pigmented rice cultivars. The non-pigmented cultivars IR64, a salt-stress-sensitive cultivar, and INPARI 35, a salt tolerant, were used as control. We pre-treated seeds with a halopriming solution before germination and then exposed the plants to a salt stress of 150 mM NaCl at 21 days after germination using a hydroponic system in a greenhouse. Halopriming was able to mitigate the negative effects of salinity on plant growth, including suppressing reactive oxygen species accumulation, increasing the membrane stability index (up to two-fold), and maintaining photosynthetic pigment contents. Halopriming had different effects on the accumulation of proline, in different rice varieties: the proline content increased in IR64 and Cempo Ireng Pendek but decreased in INPARI 35 and Merah Kalimantan Selatan. Halopriming also had disparate effects in the expression of stress-related genes: OsMYB91 expression was positively correlated with salt treatment, whereas OsWRKY42 and OsWRKY70 expression was negatively correlated with this treatment. These findings highlighted the potential benefits of halopriming in salt-affected agro-ecosystems.journal articl
Towards Autonomous Driving Model Resistant to Adversarial Attack
No full textConnected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) offer improved efficiency and convenience through innovative embedded devices. However, the development of these technologies has often neglected security measures, leading to vulnerabilities that can be exploited by hackers. Conceding that a CAV system is compromised, it can result in unsafe driving conditions and pose a threat to human safety. Prioritizing both security measures and functional enhancements on development of CAVs is essential to ensure their safety and reliability and enhance consumer trust in the technology. CAVs use artificial intelligence to control their driving behavior, which can be easily influenced by small changes in the model that can significantly impact and potentially mislead the system. To address this issue, this study proposed a defense mechanism that uses an autoencoder and a compressive memory module to store normal image features and prevent unexpected generalization on adversarial inputs. The proposed solution was studied against Hijacking, Vanishing, Fabrication, and Mislabeling attacks using FGSM and AdvGAN against the Nvidia Dave-2 driving model, and was found to be effective, with success rates of 93.8% and 91.2% in a Whitebox setup, and 74.1% and 64.4%
in a Blackbox setup for FGSM and AdvGAN, respectively. That improves the results by 24.7%
in Whitebox setup 21.5% in Blackbox setup.journal articl
Cytokinin signaling promotes root hair growth by directly regulating RSL4 expression
Get PDFRoot hairs are single-celled tubular structures produced from the epidermis, which play an essential role in water and nutrient uptake from the soil. Therefore, root hair formation and elongation are controlled not only by developmental programs but also by environmental factors, enabling plants to survive under fluctuating conditions. Phytohormones are key signals that link environmental cues to developmental programs; indeed, root hair elongation is known to be controlled by auxin and ethylene. Another phytohormone, cytokinin, also affects root hair growth, while whether cytokinin is actively involved in root hair growth and, if so, how it regulates the signaling pathway governing root hair development have remained unknown. In this study, we show that the two-component system of cytokinin, which involves the B-type response regulators ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 1 (ARR1) and ARR12, promotes the elongation process of root hairs. They directly up-regulate ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6-LIKE 4 (RSL4) encoding a basic helix2013helix (bHLH) transcription factor that plays a central role in root hair growth, whereas the ARR1/12$2013RSL4 pathway does not crosstalk with auxin or ethylene signaling. These results indicate that cytokinin signaling constitutes another input onto the regulatory module governed by RSL4, making it possible to fine-tune root hair growth in changing environments.journal articl
ロボット ノ ハナシナガラ ナデル ドウサ ガ ヒト ノ イタミ チカク ニ アタエル エイキョウ ノ チョウサ
Get PDF痛みを訴える子供に対して大人が痛い患部に触れながら，「痛いの痛いの飛んでいけ」とおまじないをかける行為で，痛み知覚が軽減すると言われている．本研究の目的は，「痛いの痛いの飛んでいけ」に着目し，ロボットの「なでる動作」による痛み知覚の軽減効果を調査することである．この効果は，心理学的分野におけるゲートコントロール理論で説明することができる．この理論に基づき「話しながらなでる」動作による「痛み」軽減効果を被験者実験を通して調査した．ロボットアームによる「話しながらなでる動作」と低周波治療器による「痛み」の再現を，10名の被験者で評価した結果，「なでる」動作と「話しながらなでる」動作で痛み軽減の可能性が示唆された．technical repor
Reflective high-sensitivity polarization change imaging using a dual polarizer structure
No full textIn this study, we demonstrate a reflective imaging system in which a dual polarizer structure, consisting of a uniform polarizer and a polarizer on the pixel of a polarization image sensor, enables the detection of weak polarization changes. The uniform polarizer can achieve a high extinction ratio and is used to render the amount of polarization change in a condition that is easily detectable by the polarization image sensor. The polarization image sensor uses two types of polarizers arranged in an orthogonal relationship with each other to obtain complementary signals for polarization rotation. This is also used for differential detection to reduce the in-phase noise components. In the prototype system, the signal characteristics were in close agreement with theoretical considerations. Furthermore, as a demonstration of high-sensitivity polarization rotation imaging, the polarization rotation of a menthol solution in a 150-$00B5m-thick channel was detected.journal articl
Efficient Noninvasive Fault Injection Method Utilizing Intentional Electromagnetic Interference
No full textIn the fault injection method, an electromagnetic (EM) wave is injected to temporarily cause a fault at a specific time of the encryption process, the faulty outputs are obtained from the cryptographic device, and the secret key is extracted by analyzing the faulty outputs. In the conventional method, the intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) wave is injected at a random time because it is difficult to obtain information on the start time of the encryption process. Thus, a cryptographic module must execute a large number of encryption trials before the occurrence of a fault that enables the secret key to be extracted. In this article, we propose a fault injection method that can generate the faults at a specific time with high probability, which is like the method of injecting an IEMI wave synchronized with the start time of the encryption process. The proposed method inserts glitches into the encryption process at fixed times by injecting a continuous sinusoidal wave of a specific frequency while controlling the amplitude and phase. This generates faults required for the secret key analysis method with a high probability even when the start time of the encryption process cannot be obtained. We experimentally demonstrate the impact of the aforementioned IEMI using the advanced encryption standard, which is an ISO/IEC 18033 block cipher, implemented as a module on a standard evaluation board. The conventional method requires more than 30 000 encryption processes to obtain the secret key. In contrast, the results indicate that we can obtain the secret key with approximately 22 encryption processes which is almost three orders of magnitude less than that with the conventional method. This confirms that secret keys can be extracted in a brief period of time. Moreover, devices previously excluded from IEMI-based fault injection because they can only be accessed for a brief period because their physical access was surveilled, may now be the target of the threat.journal articl
Wafer-Level Characteristic Variation Modeling Considering Systematic Discontinuous Effects
No full textStatistical wafer-level characteristic variation modeling offers an attractive method for reducing the measurement cost in large-scale integrated (LSI) circuit testing while maintaining test quality. In this method, the performance of unmeasured LSI circuits fabricated on a wafer is statistically predicted based on a few measured LSI circuits. Conventional statistical methods model spatially smooth variations in the wafers. However, actual wafers can exhibit discontinuous variations that are systematically caused by the manufacturing environment, such as shot dependence. In this paper, we propose a modeling method that considers discontinuous variations in wafer characteristics by applying the knowledge of manufacturing engineers to a model estimated using Gaussian process regression. In the proposed method, the process variation is decomposed into systematic discontinuous and global components to improve estimation accuracy. An evaluation performed using an industrial production test dataset indicates that the proposed method effectively reduces the estimation error for an entire wafer by over 36% compared with conventional methods.journal articl
NTCIR-17 MedNLP-SC Radiology Report Subtask Overview: Dataset and Solutions for Automated Lung Cancer Staging
No full textThis paper describes the Radiology Report TNM staging (RR-TNM) subtask as a part of NTCIR-17 Medical Natural Language Processing for Social Media and Clinical Texts (MedNLP-SC) shared task in 2023. This subtask focused on automated lung cancer staging based on radiology reports. We created a dataset of 243 Japanese radiology reports containing no personal health information. A total of three teams with 16 members participated and submitted seven solutions. The best accuracy scores for the T, N, and M categories reached 67%, 80%, and 93%, respectively. Through the RR- TNM subtask, we have provided a valuable open Japanese clinical corpus and useful insights to apply natural language processing for secondary usage of staging information.conference pape
An SPM detection based on GNSS-derived ZTD with azimuth angle filtering
Get PDFWhen a large-scale yellow sandstorm occurs in the Eurasian continent, the amount of particulate matter in the air increases drastically over western Japan, causing changes in the tropospheric delay of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and possibly affecting the positioning accuracy. Weather satellites and numerical weather forecast provide us with the future spatial spread in the the viewpoint of a relatively wide area, while light detection and ranging (LIDAR) gives us accurate and pinpoint observation of suspended particulate matter (SPM). This paper proposes the application of precise point positioning (PPP) technique used in the GNSS for real-time detection of the SPM, because of the limited number of installation of the LIDAR station currently in Japan for monitoring the SPM. Azimuth angle filtering has been proposed to enhance detection accuracy coming up with that the yellow sand usually arrives from the western direction from the observation location. Evaluations have been done by employing for 2 consecutive months of GNSS signals data, ground weather observation, and SPM log. The proposed filter can enhance the accuracy of 43% to 53 % compared with simple threshold-based detection.conference pape