13197 research outputs found
Sort by
トリガタ ロボット ノ サンラン コウドウ ニ ヨル セイメイカン ノ ケントウ
No full text人間との間でより自然な関係性構築をするためにソーシャルロボットの生命感は重要である。これまで、ロボットの振る舞いの仕方や外見による生命感は探求されてきたが、生命サイクルの模倣に着目した研究はほとんどない。本研究では、生命のサイクルの一つである産卵に着目して、擬似的な産卵が可能なロボットを開発した。また、開発したロボットを用いて産卵行動が与えるロボットに対する生命感や心の知覚への影響を親子での実験を行い調査した．親子ともに産卵前より産卵後のほうが，より生命感がある，より心があると感じた．conference pape
Machine Learning Approach to Mobility Analyses
No full textMachine learning techniques are based on stochastic models associated with parameter estimation from massive data. They have been applied to scientific fields as well as industries, including mobility analyses. In this chapter, we introduce several machine learning techniques for mobility analyses, that is, techniques to track agents in a video, to extract the relationship among agents, and to analyze graphs, especially focusing on multi-animal behavior analyses.journal articl
DAO voting mechanism resistant to whale and collusion problems
No full textWith the widespread adoption of blockchain technology, a novel organizational structure known as Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) has attracted considerable attention. DAOs facilitate decision-making through member voting, realizing the governance in a decentralized manner. However, DAOs face unique challenges compared to traditional organization. This paper focuses on two key challenges of governance within DAOs: the whale problem and collusion issue. The whale problem is characterized by the concentration of power among specific members, while for the collusion problem, voting results are distorted by fraudulent collaboration. In terms of voting, we consider Quadratic Voting, a voting system expected to deter the concentration of voting power among a subset of participants, analyzing its resistance to the collusion problem. We show with numerical examples that in comparison to Linear Voting, Quadratic Voting lacks resistance to collusion. Then, we propose a voting mechanism that integrates Quadratic Voting with the Vote escrow tokens, demonstrating the mitigation of the whale problem while acquiring resilience to collusion in the decision-making process. The numerical examples confirm the high efficacy of our proposed model.journal articl
Extraction of Speech Representation for Multilingual Speech Translation
Get PDF奈良先端科学技術大学院大学修士(工学)master thesi
Semi-automatic Construction of a Word Complexity Lexicon for Japanese Medical Terminology
No full textWe construct a word complexity lexicon for medical terms in Japanese.To facilitate communication between medical practitioners and patients, medical text simplification is being studied.Medical text simplification is a natural language processing task that paraphrases complex technical terms into expressions that patients can understand.However, in contrast to English, where this task is being actively studied, there are insufficient language resources in Japanese.As a first step in advancing research on medical text simplification in Japanese, we annotate the 370,000 words from a large-scale medical terminology lexicon with a five-point scale of complexity for patients.conference pape
Bridging Structure- and Ligand-Based Virtual Screening through Fragmented Interaction Fingerprint
No full textLigand-based virtual screening (LBVS) and structure-based virtual screening (SBVS), and their combinations, are frequently conducted in modern drug discovery campaigns. As a form of combination, an amalgamation of methods from ligand- and structure-based information, termed hybrid VS approaches, has been extensively investigated such as using interaction fingerprints (IFPs) in combination with machine learning (ML) models. This approach has the potential to prioritize active compounds in terms of protein$2013ligand binding and ligand structural characteristics, which is assumed to be difficult using either one of the approaches. Herein, we present an IFP, named the fragmented interaction fingerprint (FIFI), for hybrid VS approaches. FIFI is constructed from the extended connectivity fingerprint atom environments of a ligand proximal to the protein residues in the binding site. Each unique ligand substructure within each amino acid residue is encoded as a bit in FIFI while retaining sequence order. From the retrospective evaluation of activity prediction using a limited number and variety of active compounds for six biological targets, FIFI consistently showed higher prediction accuracy than that using previously proposed IFPs. For the same data sets, the screening performance of LBVS, SBVS sequential VS, parallel VS, and other hybrid VS approaches was investigated. Compared to these approaches, FIFI in combination with ML showed overall stable and high prediction accuracy, except for one target: the kappa opioid receptor, where the extended connectivity fingerprint combined with ML models showed better performance than other approaches by wide margins.journal articl
D2-PSD: Dynamic Differentially-Private Spatial Decomposition in Collaboration with Edge Server
Get PDFSpatio-temporal data possess intrinsic values, reflecting the spatial and temporal features of people’s behaviors. Due to the sensitive nature of this data (e.g., workplace, residence, school locations), privacy protection is essential when collecting spatio-temporal data. Local Differential Privacy (LDP) protocol has gained attention as a method for protecting privacy on data-collecting devices. LDP protocol can make each data indistinguishable but inevitably destroys spatial/temporal characteristics as well. In this paper, we propose a novel method enabling LDP protocol to preserve spatial/temporal trends on privacy protection. If we collect data from users with similar behavior, it is difficult to uniquely identify users from the beginning. In short, processing privacy protection for each user with similar behavior allow us to minimize the removal of intrinsic values by LDP protocol. Our method, termed Dynamic Differentially-Private Spatial Decomposition (D2-PSD), dynamically adjusts and controls the strength of privacy protection (privacy budget) for each group of users exhibiting similar spatial and temporal trends. This allows users to be indistinguishable from each other within a group while preserving spatial and temporal trends across groups. All groups will have a different privacy budget, but the sum of the entire group keeps a constant privacy budget. Even if group with different protection strengths are mixed, privacy is protected for the sum of the group, and our proposed method can always guarantee a constant protection strength. Experimental results demonstrate that our method retains the intrinsic spatial and temporal trends in spatio-temporal data while maintaining robust privacy protection across the entire dataset, thanks to the D2-PSD approach. Specifically, in the most similar groups, D2-PSD reduced the MAE by up to 75% compared to standard LDP, while maintaining an equivalent strength of privacy protection.journal articl
ジドウ ウンテンジ ノ イドウ カンカク ケイゲン ノ タメノ モーション プラットフォーム セッケイ
Get PDF自動運転車内での没入型エンターテイメント研究は増えており，VR映像コンテンツを車両挙動に同期させ，搭乗者の視覚と体感を一致させることで，没入感向上の効果があることが知られている．これらの既存研究を元に，本研究では，車両挙動を利用した，より没入感の高い自動走行VRエンターテイメント実現のため，まずは車両の加速時の挙動に注目し，加速以上の超加速感を搭乗者に知覚させる新しい自動走行没入型システムを提案する．conference pape
Granulomatous inflammatory responses are elicited in the liver of PD-1 knockout mice by de novo genome mutagenesis
No full textIntroduction: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a negative regulator of immune responses. Upon deletion of PD-1 in mice, symptoms of autoimmunity developed only after they got old. In a model experiment in cancer immunotherapy, PD-1 was shown to prevent cytotoxic T lymphocytes from attacking cancer cells that expressed neoantigens derived from genome mutations. Furthermore, the larger number of genome mutations in cancer cells led to more robust anti-tumor immune responses after the PD-1 blockade. To understand the common molecular mechanisms underlying these findings, we hypothesize that we might have acquired PD-1 during evolution to avoid/suppress autoimmune reactions against neoantigens derived from mutations in the genome of aged individuals. Methods: To test the hypothesis, we introduced random mutations into the genome of young PD-1–/– and PD-1+/+ mice. We employed two different procedures of random mutagenesis: administration of a potent chemical mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) into the peritoneal cavity of mice and deletion of MSH2, which is essential for the mismatch-repair activity in the nucleus and therefore for the suppression of accumulation of random mutations in the genome. Results: We observed granulomatous inflammatory changes in the liver of the ENU-treated PD-1 knockout (KO) mice but not in the wild-type (WT) counterparts. Such lesions also developed in the PD-1/MSH2 double KO mice but not in the MSH2 single KO mice. Conclusion: These results support our hypothesis about the physiological function of PD-1 and address the mechanistic reasons for immunerelated adverse events observed in cancer patients having PD-1-blockade immunotherapies.journal articl
Blastocyst complementation-based rat-derived heart generation reveals cardiac anomaly barriers to interspecies chimera development
No full textThe use of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to generate functional organs via blastocyst complementation is a cutting-edge strategy in regenerative medicine. However, existing models that use this method for heart generation do not meet expectations owing to the complexity of heart development. Here, we investigated a Mesp1/2 deficient mouse model, which is characterized by abnormalities in the cardiac mesodermal cells. The injection of either mouse or rat PSCs into Mesp1/2 deficient mouse blastocysts led to successful heart generation. In chimeras, the resulting hearts were predominantly composed of rat cells; however, their functionality was limited to the embryonic developmental stage on day 12.5. These results present the functional limitation of the xenogeneic heart, which poses a significant challenge to the development in mouse–rat chimeras.journal articl