13197 research outputs found
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Does Pre-trained Language Model Actually Infer Unseen Links in Knowledge Graph Completion?
No full textKnowledge graphs (KGs) consist of links that describe relationships between entities. Due to the difficulty of manually enumerating all relationships between entities, automatically completing them is essential for KGs. Knowledge Graph Completion (KGC) is a task that infers unseen relationships between entities in a KG. Traditional embedding-based KGC methods (e.g. RESCAL, TransE, DistMult, ComplEx, RotatE, HAKE, HousE, etc.) infer missing links using only the knowledge from training data. In contrast, the recent Pre-trained Language Model (PLM)-based KGC utilizes knowledge obtained during pre-training, which means it can estimate missing links between entities by reusing memorized knowledge from pre-training without inference. This part is problematic because building KGC models aims to infer unseen links between entities. However, conventional evaluations in KGC do not consider inference and memorization abilities separately. Thus, a PLM-based KGC method, which achieves high performance in current KGC evaluations, may be ineffective in practical applications. To address this issue, we analyze whether PLM-based KGC methods make inferences or merely access memorized knowledge. For this purpose, we propose a method for constructing synthetic datasets specified in this analysis and conclude that PLMs acquire the inference abilities required for KGC through pre-training, even though the performance improvements mostly come from textual information of entities and relations.conference pape
Proposal of Pseudo-Capping Effects by Polymer$2013Polymer Interaction through Preparation of Stereocomplex Pseudo-Polyrotaxane with Cyclodextrin and PEG-PLA Triblock Copolymers
Get PDFABA types triblock copolymers, specifically poly(L-lactide)-co-poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(L-lactide) (PLLA-PEG-PLLA) and poly(D-lactide)-co-poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(D-lactide) (PDLA-PEG-PDLA), are employed for stereocomplexes (SCs) formation. These SCs are subsequently utilized as axles, in conjunction with various cyclodextrins (CDs) as ring moieties to create pseudo-polyrotaxane (PPRX). The authors referred to this new construct as “SC PPRX”, to distinguish it from the earlier study, denoted as “PPRX SC”, which primarily focuses on SC within the PPRX. When attempting to form PPRXs in aqueous solutions, the authors encountered challenges related to the inclusion of CDs due to the robust presence of the SC structure. However, by using mixed solvents, such as water/acetone (10/1, v/v), a partial relaxation of the SC structure is observed. This allows for the successful inclusion of CDs, thereby facilitating the PPRX formation. These observations highlight the significance of axle2013ring interactions in determining the outcome of the formation process. The authors propose the term, ‘SC pseudo-capping effect’ to describe this unique phenomenon, underscoring the role of interactions among polymer chains, including polymer2013axle interactions, in shaping the architecture of rotaxanes. This study thus unveils a novel dimension of polymer-polymer interactions within the realm of rotaxane.journal articl
Investigation of the mechanical properties and degradation of ester-free poly(trimethylene carbonate) derivatives bearing various bulky aromatic groups
Get PDFEster-free trimethylene carbonate derivatives bearing bulky aromatic groups were designed and synthesized, including those with one or two benzyl groups, diphenylmethyl groups, and triphenylmethyl groups. The polymerization reactions of these monomers were investigated with several initiators. The mechanical properties of the polymers were determined with compressive tests, resulting in approximately 0.32009M NaOH for several weeks, which revealed that the substituents impeded degradation in most cases. The degradation processes were slow, and they were analyzed with weight loss, SEM, SEC, TGA, and DSC studies.journal articl
Polymer blends using poly(trimethylene carbonate)
No full textA review. Poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) is well known as synthetic degradable polymer, featuring carbonate groups in its main chain backbone. Numerous studies have investigated its polymerization kinetics using various catalysts, copolymer compositions, and derivatives for functional polymer applications. This review highlights recent research on polymer blends involving PTMC, with a specific focus on their diverse applications.journal articl
Conductivity Enhancement of PVD-WS2 Films Using Cl2-Plasma Treatment Followed by Sulfur-Vapor Annealing
No full textThe conductivity of tungsten disulfide (WS2) films using sputtering, which is a physical vapor deposition (PVD), was enhanced using a chlorine (Cl2)-plasma treatment and sulfur-vapor annealing (SVA). For WS2 films to be used in thermoelectric devices, its carrier concentration must be controlled. Therefore, we exposed WS2 films to Cl2-plasma as a doping method. In addition, SVA was performed to improve the crystallinity of the film and potentially introduce activating dopants. Consequently, the conductivity of the Cl2-plasma-treated PVD-WS2 films (0.440 S/m) more than doubled compared with that of an untreated PVD-WS2 film (0.201 S/m). The doping type in this experiment is considered to be n-type on the basis of a positive peak shift observed in the X-ray photoelectron spectra.journal articl
AMURO 、 イキマース ！ ： チョウ カソク カン オ ジツゲン スル ジドウ ウンテン VR システム ノ ケントウ
Get PDF自動運転車内での没入型エンターテイメント研究は増えており，VR映像コンテンツを車両挙動に同期させ，搭乗者の視覚と体感を一致させることで，没入感向上の効果があることが知られている．これらの既存研究を元に，本研究では，車両挙動を利用した，より没入感の高い自動走行VRエンターテイメント実現のため，まずは車両の加速時の挙動に注目し，加速以上の超加速感を搭乗者に知覚させる新しい自動走行没入型システムを提案する．conference pape
Analysis for Automatic Extraction of Uncomfortable Driving by Constatnt Observation of Route Buses Using Anonymous Sensors
No full textBus accidents caused by aging and understaffed bus drivers have become a significant social issue, and the high rate of in-vehicle accidents is particularly problematic for route buses. It’s crucial to reduce the number of these accidents. In this study, we created training data to automatically identify unpleasant driving conditions using sensor data collected on board route buses. To address privacy concerns and data volume, we utilized a low-resolution far-infrared camera for visual inspections inside the bus. Additionally, we analyzed vehicle speed, GPS data, and acceleration sensor data. Manual scrutiny of large sensor data volumes is time-consuming, so we focused on specific data points and approximate threshold values of acceleration based on the sensor characteristics and prior research. Through this approach, we selected suitable data refinement conditions from the cases identified and broadened the analysis scope to generate training data. Consequently, we found that gathering training data while reducing the processing time through the use of appropriate data refinement conditions was feasible.conference pape
Cdc48 and its co-factor Ufd1 extract CENP-A from centromeric chromatin and can induce chromosome elimination in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Get PDFCENP-A determines the identity of the centromere. Because the position and size of the centromere and its number per chromosome must be maintained, the distribution of CENP-A is strictly regulated. In this study, we have aimed to understand mechanisms to regulate the distribution of CENP-A (Cnp1SP) in fission yeast. A mutant of the ufd1+ gene (ufd1-73) encoding a cofactor of Cdc48 ATPase is sensitive to Cnp1 expressed at a high level and allows mislocalization of Cnp1. The level of Cnp1 in centromeric chromatin is increased in the ufd1-73 mutant even when Cnp1 is expressed at a normal level. A preexisting mutant of the cdc48+ gene (cdc48-353) phenocopies the ufd1-73 mutant. We have also shown that Cdc48 and Ufd1 proteins interact physically with centromeric chromatin. Finally, Cdc48 ATPase with Ufd1 artificially recruited to the centromere of a mini-chromosome (Ch16) induce a loss of Cnp1 from Ch16, leading to an increased rate of chromosome loss. It appears that Cdc48 ATPase, together with its cofactor Ufd1 remove excess Cnp1 from chromatin, likely in a direct manner. This mechanism may play a role in centromere disassembly, a process to eliminate Cnp1 to inactivate the kinetochore function during development, differentiation, and stress response.journal articl
Multiple comonomer concentrations prediction from FTIR spectra with quantum chemistry-based interpretation
Get PDFIn this study, we enhance our previously proposed modeling approach, which combines wavelet transform and linear regression and utilizes Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra, to simultaneously estimate the concentrations of two comonomers in binary copolymerization reactions. The advanced multi-output models were evaluated using reaction systems involving methyl methacrylate against two styrene-based and three methacrylate-based monomers with the help of quantum chemical calculations for peak interpretation. The multi-output model surpassed individual concentration prediction models in prediction accuracy for the shared comonomer of methyl methacrylate across the data sets, with identified peaks uniquely associated with the comonomer.journal articl
A Dataset for Pharmacovigilance in German, French, and Japanese: Annotating Adverse Drug Reactions across Languages
No full textUser-generated data sources have gained significance in uncovering Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), with an increasing number of discussions occurring in the digital world. However, the existing clinical corpora predominantly revolve around scientific articles in English. This work presents a multilingual corpus of texts concerning ADRs gathered from diverse sources, including patient fora, social media, and clinical reports in German, French, and Japanese. Our corpus contains annotations covering 12 entity types, four attribute types, and 13 relation types. It contributes to the development of real-world multilingual language models for healthcare. We provide statistics to highlight certain challenges associated with the corpus and conduct preliminary experiments resulting in strong baselines for extracting entities and relations between these entities, both within and across languages.conference pape