13197 research outputs found
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Javaプログラムを対象としたソースコードの変更量と実行トレースの変化量間の相関調査
Get PDFソフトウェア開発においてソースコードへ大小さまざまな規模の編集が行われている．ソースコードの大規模な編集はバグの埋込みと関連しているという報告がなされている．一方，ソースコードの変更量は大きいが振舞いが変更しない事例や，些細な変更が挙動を大きく変化させる事例も考えられ，ソースコードの変更量の大きさによってプログラムの挙動への影響の程度を予想できるかは不明である．本研究では，Java プロジェクトにおけるソースコードの変更量とプログラムの挙動の変化の関係について，プログラムの挙動の変化を実行トレースから得られる 4 種類のメトリクスの変化量によって観測し，分析を行った．その結果，ソースコードの変更量と実行トレースの変化量の間に相関関係があるケースはみられたものの，相関の強いメトリクスはプロジェクトにより様々であることがわかった．In software development, source code is edited on various scales, large and small. It is reported that large-scale editing tends to be related to bug embedding. However, we can consider the cases where the amount of code changes is large but the program behavior does not change and minor editing significantly change the program behavior. Therefore, the effect of the amount of change in the source code on the program behavior is uncertain. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the amount of change in the source code and program behavior in Java programs. The change in program behavior is observed from the changes in four metrics extracted from execution traces of the target programs. We found that the amount of change in the source code and the amount of change in the execution trace has a correlation in some cases, but metrics that have a strong correlation depend on the project.technical repor
AUTOMETA: Automatic Meta-Analysis System Employing Natural Language Processing
No full textMeta-analyses examine the results of different clinical studies to determine whether a treatment is effective or not. Meta-analyses provide the gold standard for medical evidence. Despite their importance, meta-analyses are time-consuming and this poses a challenge where timeliness is important. Research articles are also increasing rapidly and most meta-analyses become outdated after publication since they have not incorporated new evidence. Therefore, there is increasing interest to automate meta-analysis so as to speed up the process and allow for automatic update when new results are available. In this preliminary study we present AUTOMETA, our proposed system for automating meta-analysis which employs existing natural language processing methods for identifying Participants, Intervention, Control, and Outcome (PICO) elements. We show that our system can perform advanced meta-analyses by parsing numeric outcomes to identify the number of patients having certain outcomes. We also present a new dataset which improves previous datasets by incorporating additional tags to identify detailed information.journal articl
Enabling Augmented Reality Incorporate with Audio on Indoor Navigation for People with Low Vision
Get PDFEffective indoor navigation is a challenging task for people with low vision, even they can potentially benefit from visual cue. Many researchers have proposed various approaches to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the navigation, for example, using audio cue as an assist. However, the visual rating has been neglected, which is important to provide high-quality assistant for different visual impairments. In this paper, we propose an augmented reality (AR) application that measures the visual rating. According to the visual rating, different navigation services, including visual aid and audio cue, are provided to users. Besides, object detection and depth estimation are adopted for detecting and avoiding obstacles, which can significantly improve the performance of the navigation. For the experiment, the Snellen chart is displayed on Microsoft Hololens2 and a pilot study has been conducted to verify its feasibility. The guidance information are shown in various sizes, combining with audio cue, for different vision-rating users. The strategy on both visual aid and audio cue will be tested by a user study for the next step. The results of object detection and depth estimation have shown high accuracy on Microsoft Hololens2 and will be integrated into the application in the future.conference pape
U-CAN: A Convolutional Neural Network Based Intrusion Detection for Controller Area Networks
Get PDFThe Controller area network (CAN) is the most extensively used in-vehicle network. It is set to enable communication between a number of electronic control units (ECU) that are widely found in most modern vehicles. CAN is the de facto in-vehicle network standard due to its error avoidance techniques and similar features, but it is vulnerable to various attacks. In this research, we propose a CAN bus intrusion detection system (IDS) based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). U-CAN is a segmentation model that is trained by monitoring CAN traffic data that are preprocessed using hamming distance and saliency detection algorithm. The model is trained and tested using publicly available datasets of raw and reverse-engineered CAN frames. With an F1Score of 0.997, U-CAN can detect DoS, Fuzzy, spoofing gear, and spoofing RPM attacks of the publicly available raw CAN frames. The model trained on reverse-engineered CAN signals that contain plateau attacks also results in a true positive rate and false-positive rate of 0.971 and 0.998, respectively.conference pape
Finding a right place to cut: How katanin is targeted to cellular severing sites
No full textMicrotubule severing by katanin plays key roles in generating various array patterns of dynamic microtubules, while also responding to developmental and environmental stimuli. Quantitative imaging and molecular genetic analyses have uncovered that dysfunction of microtubule severing in plant cells leads to defects in anisotropic growth, division and other cell processes. Katanin is targeted to several subcellular severing sites. Intersections of two crossing cortical microtubules attract katanin, possibly by using local lattice deformation as a landmark. Cortical microtubule nucleation sites on preexisting microtubules are targeted for katanin-mediated severing. An evolutionary conserved microtubule anchoring complex not only stabilises the nucleated site, but also subsequently recruits katanin for timely release of a daughter microtubule. During cytokinesis, phragmoplast microtubules are severed at distal zones by katanin, which is tethered there by plant-specific microtubule-associated proteins. Recruitment and activation of katanin are essential for maintenance and reorganisation of plant microtubule arrays.journal articl
Recognition of Microbe- and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns by Leucine-Rich Repeat Pattern Recognition Receptor Kinases Confers Salt Tolerance in Plants
No full textIn plants, a first layer of inducible immunity is conferred by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that bind microbe- and damage-associated molecular patterns to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). PTI is strengthened or followed by another potent form of immunity when intracellular receptors recognize pathogen effectors, termed effector-triggered immunity. Immunity signaling regulators have been reported to influence abiotic stress responses as well, yet the governing principles and mechanisms remain ambiguous. Here, we report that PRRs of a leucine-rich repeat ectodomain also confer salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana, following recognition of cognate ligands such as bacterial flagellin (flg22 epitope) and elongation factor Tu (elf18 epitope), and the endogenous Pep peptides. Pattern-triggered salt tolerance (PTST) requires authentic PTI signaling components; namely, the PRR-associated kinases BAK1 and BIK1 and the NADPH oxidase RBOHD. Exposure to salt stress induces the release of Pep precursors, pointing to the involvement of the endogenous immunogenic peptides in developing plant tolerance to high salinity. Transcriptome profiling reveals an inventory of PTST target genes, which increase or acquire salt responsiveness following a preexposure to immunogenic patterns. In good accordance, plants challenged with nonpathogenic bacteria also acquired salt tolerance in a manner dependent on PRRs. Our findings provide insight into signaling plasticity underlying biotic or abiotic stress cross-tolerance in plants conferred by PRRs.journal articl
Histone Demethylases JMJ30 and JMJ32 Modulate the Speed of Vernalization Through the Activation of FLOWERING LOCUS C in Arabidopsis thaliana
No full textVernalization is the promotion of flowering after prolonged exposure to cold. In Arabidopsis thaliana, vernalization induces epigenetic silencing of the floral repressor gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Among the repressive epigenetic marks, the trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 proteins (H3K27me3) is a critical contributor to the epigenetic silencing of FLC. The deposition of H3K27me3 is mediated by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). Conversely, the elimination of H3K27me3 is mediated by histone demethylases, Jumonji-C domain-containing protein JMJ30 and its homolog JMJ32. However, the role of JMJ30 and JMJ32 in vernalization is largely unknown. In this study, we found that cold treatment dramatically reduced the expression levels of JMJ30 and did not reduce those of JMJ32. Next, by using the genetic approach, we found that the flowering of jmj30 jmj32 was accelerated under moderate vernalized conditions. Under moderate vernalized conditions, the silencing of FLC occurred more quickly in jmj30 jmj32 than in the wild type. These results suggested that the histone demethylases JMJ30 and JMJ32 brake vernalization through the activation of FLC. Our study suggested that PRC2 and Jumonji histone demethylases act in an opposing manner to regulate flowering time via epigenetic modifications.journal articl
Cytokinins Induce Prehaustoria Coordinately with Quinone Signals in the Parasitic Plant Striga hermonthica
Get PDFOrobanchaceae parasitic plants are major threats to global food security, causing severe agricultural damage worldwide. Parasitic plants derive water and nutrients from their host plants through multicellular organs called haustoria. The formation of a prehaustorium, a primitive haustorial structure, is provoked by host-derived haustorium-inducing factors (HIFs). Quinones, including 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (DMBQ), are of the most potent HIFs for various species in Orobanchaceae, but except non-photosynthetic holoparasites, Phelipanche and Orobanche spp. Instead, cytokinin (CK) phytohormones were reported to induce prehaustoria in Phelipanche ramosa. However, little is known about whether CKs act as HIFs in the other parasitic species to date. Moreover, the signaling pathways for quinones and CKs in prehaustorium induction are not well understood. This study shows that CKs act as HIFs in the obligate parasite Striga hermonthica but not in the facultative parasite Phtheirospermum japonicum. Using chemical inhibitors and marker gene expression analysis, we demonstrate that CKs activate prehaustorium formation through a CK-specific signaling pathway that overlaps with the quinone HIF pathway at downstream in S. hermonthica. Moreover, host root exudates activated S. hermonthica CK biosynthesis and signaling genes, and DMBQ and CK inhibitors perturbed the prehaustorium-inducing activity of exudates, indicating that host root exudates include CKs. Our study reveals the importance of CKs for prehaustorium formation in obligate parasitic plants.journal articl
Three-dimensional Atomic Image of FeSe High-temperature Superconductor by X-ray Fluorescence Holography
No full textFe Kα X-ray fluorescence holography measurements were carried out at room temperature on an FeSe high-temperature superconductor to clarify the relationship between the local structures around the Fe atoms and the superconducting nature. The obtained three-dimensional atomic arrangements strongly reveal a formation of strong FeSe4 clusters. On the other hand, the Se?Fe?Se bond angle largely spreads, causing a large ambiguity in the chalcogen height and large displacements of the Fe sublattice. Thus, it is reasonable that the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic structural (nematic) transition does not affect the magnetic ordering in the Fe layer.conference pape
Fast-Growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells with a Constitutive Unfolded Protein Response and Their Potential for Lipidic Molecule Production
Get PDFIn Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), so-called ER stress, leads to conversion of HAC1 mRNA to the spliced form (HAC1i), which is translated into a transcription factor that drastically changes the gene expression profile. This cellular response ultimately enhances ER functions and is named the unfolded protein response (UPR). Artificial evocation of the UPR is therefore anticipated to increase productivity of beneficial materials on and in the ER. However, as demonstrated here, cells constitutively expressing HAC1i mRNA (HAC1i cells), which exhibited a strong UPR even under nonstress conditions, grew considerably slowly and frequently yielded fast-growing and low-UPR progeny. Intriguingly, growth of HAC1i cells was faster in the presence of weak ER stress that was induced by low concentrations of the ER stressor tunicamycin or by cellular expression of the ER-located version of green fluorescent protein (GFP). HAC1i cells producing ER-localized GFP stably exhibited a strong UPR activity, carried a highly expanded ER, and abundantly produced triglycerides and heterogenous carotenoids. We therefore propose that our findings provide a basis for metabolic engineering to generate cells producing valuable lipidic molecules.journal articl