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Robot touch with speech boosts positive emotions
No full textA gentle touch is an essential part of human interaction that produces a positive care effect. Previously, robotics studies have shown that robots can reproduce a gentle touch that elicits similar, positive emotional responses in humans. However, whether the positive emotional effects of a robot’s touch combined with speech can be enhanced using a multimodal approach remains unclear. This study supports the hypothesis that a multimodal interaction combining gentle touch and speech by a robot enhances positive emotional responses. Here, we conducted an experiment using a robotic arm to perform a gentle touch combined with speech and compared three conditions: touch alone, speech alone, and touch with speech. We assessed participants’ subjective ratings of valence, arousal, and human likeliness using subjective emotional responses. Furthermore, we recorded facial electromyography (EMG) from the corrugator supercilii and zygomaticus major muscles and measured skin conductance levels (SCLs) as physiological emotional responses. Our results show that touch combined with speech elicited higher subjective valence and arousal ratings, stronger zygomaticus major EMG and SCL activities than touch alone. The results suggest that the positive emotional effects of robotic touch can be boosted by combining elements of speech.journal articl
Knowledge Distillation for Translating Erroneous Speech Transcriptions
No full textRecent studies consider knowledge distillation as a promising method for speech translation (ST) using end-to-end models. However, its usefulness in cascade ST with automatic speech recognition (ASR) and machine translation (MT) models has not yet been clarified. An ASR output typically contains speech recognition errors. An MT model trained only on human transcripts performs poorly on error-containing ASR results. Thus, it should be trained considering the presence of ASR errors during inference. In this paper, we propose using knowledge distillation for training of the MT model for cascade ST to achieve robustness against ASR errors. We distilled knowledge from a teacher model based on human transcripts to a student model based on erroneous transcriptions. Our experimental results showed that the proposed method improves the translation performance on erroneous transcriptions. Further investigation by combining knowledge distillation and fine-tuning consistently improved the performance on two different datasets: MuST-C English-Italian and Fisher Spanish-English.journal articl
Clinical Comparable Corpus Describing the Same Subjects with Different Expressions
No full textMedical artificial intelligence (AI) systems need to learn to recognize synonyms or paraphrases describing the same anatomy, disease, treatment, etc. to better understand real-world clinical documents. Existing linguistic resources focus on variants at the word or sentence level. To handle linguistic variations on a broader scale, we proposed the Medical Text Radiology Report section Japanese version (MedTxt-RR-JA), the first clinical comparable corpus. MedTxt-RR-JA was built by recruiting nine radiologists to diagnose the same 15 lung cancer cases in Radiopaedia, an open-access radiological repository. The 135 radiology reports in MedTxt-RR-JA were shown to contain word-, sentence- and document-level variations maintaining similarity of contents. MedTxt-RR-JA is also the first publicly available Japanese radiology report corpus that would help to overcome poor data availability for Japanese medical AI systems. Moreover, our methodology can be applied widely to building clinical corpora without privacy concerns.journal articl
High-energy-level metabolism and transport occur at the transition from closed to open flowers
No full textDuring the maturation phase of flower development, the onset of anthesis visibly marks the transition from buds to open flowers, during which petals stretch out, nectar secretion commences, and pollination occurs. Analysis of the metabolic changes occurring during this developmental transition has primarily focused on specific classes of metabolites, such as pigments and scent emission, and far less on the whole network of primary and secondary metabolites. To investigate the metabolic changes occurring at anthesis, we performed multi-platform metabolomics alongside RNA sequencing in individual florets harvested from the main inflorescence of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ecotype Col-0. To trace metabolic fluxes at the level of the whole inflorescence and individual florets, we further integrated these studies with radiolabeled experiments. These extensive analyses revealed high-energy-level metabolism and transport of carbohydrates and amino acids, supporting intense metabolic rearrangements occurring at the time of this floral transition. These comprehensive data are discussed in the context of our current understanding of the metabolic shifts underlying flower opening. We envision that this analysis will facilitate the introgression of floral metabolic traits promoting pollination in crop species for which a comprehensive knowledge of flower metabolism is still limited.journal articl
Surface Resistance and Amplitude Mode under Uniform and Static External Field in Conventional Superconductors
Get PDFWe calculate the surface resistance of s-wave superconductors under a static external field on the basis of the quasiclassical approximation. The numerical calculations are performed both for the dirty and relatively clean cases, and the difference in the absorption spectrum between them is investigated. The amplitude mode in the dirty case, which has been previously studied in the local response function, appears also in the nonlocal response. In the clean case, there is a large discrepancy between the excitation energy of the amplitude mode and the energy of the gap edge where the coupling between the electrons and the external field is effective. Therefore, the amplitude mode exists even when the superconductor is relatively clean, but its contribution to the response function is small. These behaviors, which are qualitatively consistent with the experimental results, are obtained by taking into account the static field nonperturbatively.journal articl
Mechanism assay of interaction between blood vessels-near infrared probe and cell surface marker proteins of endothelial cells
No full textIn vivo blood vessels imaging is crucial to study blood vessels related diseases in real-time. For this purpose, fluorescent based imaging is one of the utmost techniques for imaging a living system. The discovery of a new near-infrared probe (CyA-B2) by screening chemical probe library in our previous report which showed the most specific binding on the blood capillaries of the 3D-tissue models give us interest to study more about the binding site of this probe to the surface of endothelial cells main component cell of blood capillaries. By studying the competition assays of CyA-B2 using several potential surface markers of endothelial cells found through the chemical database (ChEMBL) and manually selected, CD133 gave the lowest IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) value. Hence, CD133 protein which is expressed on the endothelial cell membrane was postulated to be the binding site due to the suppression of CyA-B2 on the blood capillaries by the competition assays. Since, CD133 is also expressed on many types of cancer cells, it would be useful to use CyA-B2 as a bioprobe to monitor or diagnostic tumor growth.journal articl
Induction and Aggravation of the Endoplasmic-Reticulum Stress by Membrane-Lipid Metabolic Intermediate Phosphatidyl-N-Monomethylethanolamine
No full textPhosphatidylcholine (PC) is produced via two distinct pathways in both hepatocytes and yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One of these pathways involves the sequential methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). In yeast cells, the methyltransferase, Cho2, converts PE to phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME), which is further modified to PC by another methyltransferase, Opi3. On the other hand, free choline is utilized for PC production via the Kennedy pathway. The blockage of PC production is well known to cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activate the ER-stress sensor, Ire1, to induce unfolded protein response (UPR). Here, we demonstrate that even when free choline is sufficiently supplied, the opi3Δ mutation, but not the cho2 Δ mutation, induces the UPR. The UPR was also found to be induced by CHO2 overexpression. Further, monomethylethanolamine, which is converted to PMME probably through the Kennedy pathway, caused or potentiated ER stress in both mammalian and yeast cells. We thus deduce that PMME per se is an ER-stressing molecule. Interestingly, spontaneously accumulated PMME seemed to aggravate ER stress in yeast cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the multiple detrimental effects of the low-abundance phospholipid species, PMME.journal articl
Study on Development of a New Photoreactive Framework for Photoreleasing Various Functionalities and its Photoreactivity
Get PDF奈良先端科学技術大学院大学博士(工学)doctoral thesi
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Get PDF奈良先端科学技術大学院大学博士(工学)doctoral thesi
Comparing Execution Traces of Jupyter Notebook for Checking Correctness of Refactoring
Get PDFJupyter Notebook is a popular tool for writing data analysis programs. Prior work showed that Jupyter Notebook users often duplicate their python code to try their hypothesis quickly. While such code clones can be removed by Extract Function refactoring later, users have to check that the output of a notebook is unaffected by the refactoring. However, users may not be able to compare execution results of a notebook before and after refactoring because non-textual output in Jupyter Notebook are fragile; for example, each of executions produce non-identical graphical images even though they look the same. To address this issue, we propose a method to automatically compare API calls to execute a Jupyter Notebook in addition to the textual output, while ignoring non-textual output. Our key assumption is that the same API calls with the same parameters produce the same results even if their details are non-identical. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, we implemented an automatic tool for Jupyter Notebook that extracts a function from code clones and automatically checks the correctness. Using the tool, we have extracted functions from 3,995 cells in 520 Jupyter Notebook files. 142 out of 520 Notebook files are executable. Our tool compared API calls to check the correctness for 88 Notebook files, while a simple textual comparison could check 22 Notebook files.conference pape