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Get PDF奈良先端科学技術大学院大学修士(工学)master thesi
CDS ノ エンキハイレツ ガ mRNA ノ テンシャ オヨビ テンシャゴ チョウセツ ニ アタエル エイキョウ ノ カイセキ
Get PDF奈良先端科学技術大学院大学修士(工学)master thesi
ナノ ポア シーケンサー オ モチイタ ショクブツ 3'UTR ノ モウラテキ ドウテイ ト ジョウケンカン デノ ヒカク カイセキ
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ショクブツ ガ モツ キョウイ ノ サイセイ ノウリョク : ゲンショウ カイメイ カラ リヨウ マデ
No full textvideo/mp4植物は高い再生能力を持っており、組織の一部から個体全体を再構築できます。人類は植物の再生能力を使って有用品種のクローン増殖やゲノム編集作物の作出を行っているため、植物の再生応答を理解し利用することは農業の発展に欠かせません。この講座では、植物の再生現象のメカニズムから応用例や将来展望まで最先端の知見を概説します。講演場所: ミレニアムホール講演日: 2022年10月8日vide
The Cell Differentiation of Idioblast Myrosin Cells: Similarities With Vascular and Guard Cells
No full textIdioblasts are defined by abnormal shapes, sizes, and contents that are different from neighboring cells. Myrosin cells are Brassicales-specific idioblasts and accumulate a large amount of thioglucoside glucohydrolases (TGGs, also known as myrosinases) in their vacuoles. Myrosinases convert their substrates, glucosinolates, into toxic compounds when herbivories and pests attack plants. In this review, we highlight the similarities and differences between myrosin cells and vascular cells/guard cells (GCs) because myrosin cells are distributed along vascular cells, especially the phloem parenchyma, and myrosin cells share the master transcription factor FAMA with GCs for their cell differentiation. In addition, we analyzed the overlap of cell type-specific genes between myrosin cells and GCs by using published single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) data, suggesting significant similarities in the gene expression patterns of these two specialized cells.journal articl
Polarization Image Sensor for Highly Sensitive Polarization Modulation Imaging Based on Stacked Polarizers
No full textIn this article, We demonstrated an image sensor for detecting changes in polarization with high sensitivity. For this purpose, we constructed an optical system with a two-layer structure, comprising an external polarizer and polarizers on a pixel array. An external polarizer is used to enhance the polarization rotation while reducing the intensity to avoid pixel saturation of the image sensor. Using a two-layer structure, the two polarizers can be arranged under optimal conditions and the image sensor can achieve high polarization-change detection performance. We fabricated the polarization image sensor using a 0.35- μm CMOS process and, by averaging 50 ×50 pixels and 96 frames, achieved a polarization rotation detection limit of 5.2 ×10?4? at a wavelength of 625 nm. We also demonstrated the applicability of electric-field distribution imaging using an electrooptic crystal (ZnTe) for weak-polarization-change distribution measurements.journal articl
Multifunctional Implantable Device for Simultaneous Optical and Electrophysiological Measurements
No full textIn neuroscience, it is crucial to clarify the relationship between single-cell activity and neural network structure to understand brain neural activity. To this end, a device that can measure signals with high temporal resolution over a wide area is required. In this study, we developed a multifunctional implantable device for measuring deep-brain functions. The device conducts electrophysiological measurements using microelectrodes and fluorescence imaging using a CMOS image sensor, which enables observations of brain functions with high temporal resolution over a wide area. The device developed is implemented by stacking the microelectrode array and imaging device. We measured the activity of neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of mice using this device. We successfully recorded action potentials and confirmed that the developed microelectrodes are effective for measuring brain functions. Results suggest that the multifunctional implantable device developed can simultaneously perform electrophysiological measurements and fluorescence imaging using a CMOS image sensor. However, the noise generated during imaging should be eliminated in the future. The activation of γ-aminobutyric acid neurons was also confirmed upon the intraperitoneal injection of nicotine solution as a pharmacological stimulus. The device developed with integrated microelectrodes and a CMOS image sensor is unprecedented and can prove useful in understanding the relationship between neuronal activity and neural networks.research repor
Super-resolution analysis of PACSIN2 and EHD2 at caveolae
No full textCaveolae are plasma membrane invaginations that play important roles in both endocytosis and membrane tension buffering. Typical caveolae have invaginated structures with a high-density caveolin assembly. Membrane sculpting proteins, including PACSIN2 and EHD2, are involved in caveolar biogenesis. PACSIN2 is an F-BAR domain-containing protein with a membrane sculpting ability that is essential for caveolar shaping. EHD2 is also localized at caveolae and involved in their stability. However, the spatial relationship between PACSIN2, EHD2, and caveolin has not yet been investigated. We observed the single-molecule localizations of PACSIN2 and EHD2 relative to caveolin-1 in three-dimensional space. The single-molecule localizations were grouped by their proximity localizations into the geometric structures of blobs. In caveolin-1 blobs, PACSIN2, EHD2, and caveolin-1 had overlapped spatial localizations. Interestingly, the mean centroid of the PACSIN2 F-BAR domain at the caveolin-1 blobs was closer to the plasma membrane than those of EHD2 and caveolin-1, suggesting that PACSIN2 is involved in connecting caveolae to the plasma membrane. Most of the blobs with volumes typical of caveolae had PACSIN2 and EHD2, in contrast to those with smaller volumes. Therefore, PACSIN2 and EHD2 are apparently localized at typically sized caveolae.journal articl
Pathophysiological Role of Nucleic Acid-Sensing Pattern Recognition Receptors in Inflammatory Diseases
No full textPattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play critical roles in recognizing pathogen-derived nucleic acids and inducing innate immune responses, such as inflammation and type I interferon production. PRRs that recognize nucleic acids include members of endosomal Toll-like receptors, cytosolic retinoic acid inducible gene I-like receptors, cyclic GMP?AMP synthase, absent in melanoma 2-like receptors, and nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptors. Aberrant recognition of self-derived nucleic acids by these PRRs or unexpected activation of downstream signaling pathways results in the constitutive production of type I interferons and inflammatory cytokines, which lead to the development of autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases. In this review, we focus on the nucleic acid-sensing machinery and its pathophysiological roles in various inflammatory diseases.review articl
Generation of stable microtubule superstructures by binding of peptide-fused tetrameric proteins to inside and outside
No full textMicrotubules play important roles in biological functions by forming superstructures, such as doublets and branched structures, in vivo. Despite the importance, it is challenging to construct these superstructures in vitro. Here, we designed a tetrameric fluorescent protein Azami-Green (AG) fused with His-tag and Tau-derived peptide (TP), TP-AG, to generate the superstructures. Main binding sites of TP-AG can be controlled to the inside and outside of microtubules by changing the polymerization conditions. The binding of TP-AG to the inside promoted microtubule formation and generated rigid and stable microtubules. The binding of TP-AG to the outside induced various microtubule superstructures, including doublets, multiplets, branched structures, and extremely long microtubules by recruiting tubulins to microtubules. Motile microtubule aster structures were also constructed by TP-AG. The generation of various microtubule superstructures by a single type of exogenous protein is a new concept for understanding the functions of microtubules and constructing microtubule-based nanomaterials.journal articl