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Motion Sickness Modeling with Visual Vertical Estimation and Its Application to Autonomous Personal Mobility Vehicles
Get PDFPassengers (drivers) of level 3-5 autonomous personal mobility vehicles (APMV) and cars can perform non-driving tasks, such as reading books and smartphones, while driving. It has been pointed out that such activities may increase motion sickness. Many studies have been conducted to build countermeasures, of which various computational motion sickness models have been developed. Many of these are based on subjective vertical conflict (SVC) theory, which describes vertical changes in direction sensed by human sensory organs vs. those expected by the central nervous system. Such models are expected to be applied to autonomous driving scenarios. However, no current computational model can integrate visual vertical information with vestibular sensations. We proposed a 6 DoF SVC-VV model which add a visually perceived vertical block into a conventional six-degrees-of freedom SVC model to predict VV directions from image data simulating the visual input of a human. Hence, a simple image-based VV estimation method is proposed. As the validation of the proposed model, this paper focuses on describing the fact that the motion sickness increases as a passenger reads a book while using an AMPV, assuming that visual vertical (VV) plays an important role. In the static experiment, it is demonstrated that the estimated VV by the proposed method accurately described the gravitational acceleration direction with a low mean absolute deviation. In addition, the results of the driving experiment using an APMV demonstrated that the proposed 6 DoF SVC-VV model could describe that the increased motion sickness experienced when the VV and gravitational acceleration directions were different.conference pape
Classification and visual explanation for COVID-19 pneumonia from CT images using triple learning
No full textThis study presents a novel framework for classifying and visualizing pneumonia induced by COVID-19 from CT images. Although many image classification methods using deep learning have been proposed, in the case of medical image fields, standard classification methods are unable to be used in some cases because the medical images that belong to the same category vary depending on the progression of the symptoms and the size of the inflamed area. In addition, it is essential that the models used be transparent and explainable, allowing health care providers to trust the models and avoid mistakes. In this study, we propose a classification method using contrastive learning and an attention mechanism. Contrastive learning is able to close the distance for images of the same category and generate a better feature space for classification. An attention mechanism is able to emphasize an important area in the image and visualize the location related to classification. Through experiments conducted on two-types of classification using a three-fold cross validation, we confirmed that the classification accuracy was significantly improved; in addition, a detailed visual explanation was achieved comparison with conventional methods.journal articl
Preparation of stereocomplex and pseudo-polyrotaxane with various cyclodextrins as wheel components using triblock copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) and polylactide
Get PDFThe ABA-type triblock-copolymers (BCPs) of polylactide (PLA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were synthesized as axle components for rotaxane formation. It is known that α-cyclodextrin (CD) exists near the PEG moiety in pseudo-polyrotaxane (PPRX), and the PLA moiety can form a stereocomplex (SC), by mixing with L- and D-isomers. In this study, various CDs, including β-CD and γ-CD, were used as wheel components, and effects of CD structures on both PPRX and SC formations were studied. The solubility of CDs is influenced to form the PPRX, resulting in differing numbers of CDs in the axle. PPRX structures were investigated by 1H NMR, NOESY, and DOSY, and SC structures were investigated by FT-IR and XRD. Their thermal properties were also evaluated by DSC and TGA, to consider the physical properties of the simultaneous formation of PPRX and SC. This study gave insight into the complicated host2013polymer interactions.journal articl
Synthetic studies of tailor-made polyazaacenes and cyclazaacenes: the precursor approaches
Get PDF奈良先端科学技術大学院大学博士(工学)doctoral thesi
A pressure driven electric energy generator exploiting a micro- to nano-scale glass porous filter with ion flow originating from water
No full textWe demonstrated a pressure driven energy harvesting device using water and that features a glass filter with porous channels. We employed powder sintering to fabricate the glass filter (2 cm diameter, 3 mm thickness) by packing a powder of borosilicate glass particles into a carbon mold and then thermally fusing this at 700°C under pressure. In constant flow rate experiment, the optimum average pore radius of the filter for power generation was 12 μm. Using this filter, power of 3.8 mW (27 V, 0.14 mA, 0.021% energy efficiency) was generated at a water flow speed of 50 mm/s. In constant pressure experiment, a power generator was equipped with a foot press unit with a 60 kg weight (830 kPa) and 50 mL of water. The optimum average pore radius for power generation in this experiment was 12 μm and power of 4.8 mW (18 V, 0.26 mA, 0.017% energy efficiency) was generated with 1.7 s duration. This was enough power for direct LED lighting and the capacitors could store enough energy to rotate a fan and operate a wireless communicator. Our pressure driven device is suitable for energy harvesting from slow movements like certain human physiological functions, e.g. walking.journal articl
Alveolar macrophages instruct CD8+ T cell expansion by antigen cross-presentation in lung
No full textLung CD8+ memory T cells play central roles in protective immunity to respiratory viruses, such as influenza A virus (IAV). Here, we find that alveolar macrophages (AMs) function as antigen-presenting cells that support the expansion of lung CD8+ memory T cells. Intranasal antigen administration to mice subcutaneously immunized with antigen results in a rapid expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the lung, which is dependent on antigen cross-presentation by AMs. AMs highly express interleukin-18 (IL-18), which mediates subsequent formation of CD103+CD8+ resident memory T (TRM) cells in the lung. In a mouse model of IAV infection, AMs are required for expansion of virus-specific CD8+ T cells and CD103+CD8+ TRM cells and inhibiting virus replication in the lungs during secondary infection. These results suggest that AMs instruct a rapid expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in lung, which protect the host from respiratory virus infection.journal articl
シショッカクカン ノ セイゴウセイ コウジョウ ノ タメ ノ ジツブッタイ ノ サンジゲン データ オ モチイタ バーチャル ブッタイ ノ ケイジョウ ヘンケイ シュホウ ノ テイアン ト ヒョウカ
Get PDF奈良先端科学技術大学院大学修士(工学)master thesi
Deep Kernel Learning オ モチイタ バケットナイ カメラ ガゾウ ニ モトヅク ゴミ ノ ツカミ ジュウリョウ スイテイ
Get PDF奈良先端科学技術大学院大学修士(工学)master thesi
A Transparent, Low-Overhead Monitoring System for OpenFlow Networks
No full textOpenFlow is a widely adopted implementation of the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) architecture. Since conventional network monitoring systems are unable to cope with OpenFlow networks, researchers have developed various monitoring systems tailored for OpenFlow networks. However, these existing systems either rely on a specific controller framework or an API, both of which are not part of the OpenFlow specification, and thus limit their applicability. This article proposes a transparent and low-overhead monitoring system for OpenFlow networks, referred to as Opimon. Opimon monitors the network topology, switch statistics, and flow tables in an OpenFlow network and visualizes the result through a web interface in real-time. Opimon monitors a network by interposing a proxy between the controller and switches and intercepting every OpenFlow message exchanged. This design allows Opimon to be compatible with any OpenFlow switch or controller. We tested the functionalities of Opimon on a virtual network built using Mininet and a large-scale international OpenFlow testbed (PRAGMA-ENT). Furthermore, we measured the performance overhead incurred by Opimon and demonstrated that the overhead in terms of latency and throughput was less than 3% and 5%, respectively.journal articl
Personalized values in life as point of interaction with the world: Developmental/neurobehavioral basis and implications for psychiatry
No full textBehavioral neuroscience has dealt with short-term decision making but has not defined either daily or longer-term life actions. The individual brain interacts with the society/world, but where that point of action is and how it interacts has never been an explicit scientific question. Here, we redefine value as an intrapersonal driver of medium- and long-term life actions. Value has the following three aspects. The first is value as a driving force of action, a factor that commits people to take default-mode or intrinsic actions daily and longer term. It consists of value memories based on past experiences, and a sense of values, the source of choosing actions under uncertain circumstances. It is also a multilayered structure of unconscious/automatic and conscious/self-controlled. The second is personalized value, which focuses not only on the value of human beings in general, but on the aspect that is individualized and personalized, which is the foundation of diversity in society. Third, the value is developed through the life course. It is necessary to clarify how values are personalized through the internalization of parent-child, peer, and social experiences through adolescence, a life stage almost neglected in neuroscience. This viewpoint describes the brain and the behavioral basis of adolescence in which the value and its personalization occur, and the importance of this personalized value as a point of interaction between the individual brain and the world. Then the significance of personalized values in psychiatry is discussed, and the concept of values-informed psychiatry is proposed.journal articl