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Exploring the Impact of Avatar's Physique on Psychological Impression and Perception of a Gentle Touch Robot
No full textTouch care robots, designed to provide ’tactile touch’ and embody the concept of ’humanitude’ are a burgeoning trend in contemporary human-robot interaction, particularly in medical settings. Prior studies have indicated that several factors can impact a robot’s tactile perception. Within these environments, fully human avatars exhibit a resemblance to robots and can evoke a sensation akin to interacting with a human. To explore this relationship, we conducted a user study with 26 participants, focusing on the impact of avatars with distinct visual characteristics (muscular vs. skinny, male vs. female appearance) on the robot’s tactile perception. The results revealed disparities in the influence of visual appearance on haptic perception, as well as gender-based variations in preferences. Additionally, the gender of the user constitutes a crucial factor in the perception of user-robot interaction and warrants consideration.conference pape
カクリツ モデル オ モチイタ ショガクシャ ムケ コウブン エラー シュウセイ シエン シュホウ ノ ケントウ
Get PDFプログラミング初学者にとっては，自身でエラーを修正することが容易でなく学習の大きな障害となっている．初学者が自身でエラーを修正するには，バグが発生した箇所を限局して提示するなどの手がかりの提供が重要である．バグ限局においてはスペクトルベースと学習ベースという 2 つのアプローチがあるが，前者では構文的な情報を考慮しにくく，後者では修正の理由が与えられないため，初学者の支援に適したバグ限局及び修正支援手法が期待されている．本研究では，確率モデルを用いることで疑わしいソースコード片を特定し，その修正の提案を行うことを目指す．著者らが所属する大学院で実施したプログラミング演習で収集したデータをもとに学生の正解ソースコードから各トークンを N-gram で抽出し，低確率で出現する N-gram を疑わしい部分とみなし，高確率で出現する N-gram を修正案として用いる．評価として，演習において学生が構文エラーを発生させたソースコードに本手法を適用し，バグ限局ならびに修正案の提供が可能であるかを検証する．technical repor
Towards Assessment of Practicality of Introductory Programming Course Using Vocabulary of Textbooks, Assignments, and Actual Projects
Get PDFIn an assignment-based introductory programming course, a teacher makes a daily class plan based on a textbook and assigns tasks to the students. Assignments are prepared by the teacher so that students can have a better understanding of programming language constructs explained in the course. On the other hand, it is unclear how those language constructs are useful for practical programming tasks. To analyze the practicality of a programming course, this study proposes to compare the vocabularies of code used in textbooks, assignments, and regular programming tasks. If the vocabularies of the textbooks and assignments are closer to that of source code in actual projects, the programming course is considered more practical. As a case study, we have applied the method to evaluate a programming course focusing on data science for graduate students. The result revealed inconsistency between the programming language constructs taught in the course and frequently used in data analysis programs on the Kaggle platform.conference pape
LysM-mediated signaling in Marchantia polymorpha highlights the conservation of pattern-triggered immunity in land plants
No full textPattern-recognition receptor (PRR)-triggered immunity (PTI) wards off a wide range of pathogenic microbes, playing a pivotal role in angiosperms. The model liverwort Marchantia polymorpha triggers defense-related gene expression upon sensing components of bacterial and fungal extracts, suggesting the existence of PTI in this plant model. However, the molecular components of the putative PTI in M. polymorpha and the significance of PTI in bryophytes have not yet been described. We here show that M. polymorpha has four lysin motif (LysM)-domain-containing receptor homologs, two of which, LysM-receptor-like kinase (LYK) MpLYK1 and LYK-related (LYR) MpLYR, are responsible for sensing chitin and peptidoglycan fragments, triggering a series of characteristic immune responses. Comprehensive phosphoproteomic analysis of M. polymorpha in response to chitin treatment identified regulatory proteins that potentially shape LysM-mediated PTI. The identified proteins included homologs of well-described PTI components in angiosperms as well as proteins whose roles in PTI are not yet determined, including the blue-light receptor phototropin MpPHOT. We revealed that MpPHOT is required for negative feedback of defense-related gene expression during PTI. Taken together, this study outlines the basic framework of LysM-mediated PTI in M. polymorpha and highlights conserved elements and new aspects of pattern-triggered immunity in land plants.journal articl
Analysis of Eavesdropping Region in Hybrid mmWave-Microwave Wireless Systems
No full textHybrid communication systems, where millimeter-wave (mmWave) links coexist with microwave links, have been an essential component in the fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks. Nevertheless, the open feature of the wireless medium makes hybrid systems vulnerable to eavesdropping attacks. Eavesdroppers in hybrid communication systems can enhance their attack performance by opportunistically eavesdropping on mmWave or microwave links. This paper, therefore, aims to answer a natural question: in which region do eavesdroppers prefer the mmWave links? To this end, we first formulate this question as an eavesdropping region characterization problem from the physical layer security perspective, where eavesdroppers select the link to eavesdrop based on the ratio between the security performances of the mmWave and microwave links. To model the security performances of both the mmWave and microwave links, we derive closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probabilities and lower bounds/exact expressions for the secrecy rates of both links. Finally, we provide numerical results to validate our theoretical analysis and also illustrate the mmWave eavesdropping region under various network parameter settings.journal articl
Arabidopsis thaliana Subclass I ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTORs Regulate Nuclear Organization and Gene Expression
Get PDFACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR (ADF) is a conserved protein that regulates the organization and dynamics of actin microfilaments. Eleven ADFs in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome are grouped into four subclasses, and subclass I ADFs, ADF122127 and $22128 are expressed in vegetative organs. The chromocenter size in act7, but not in the act2/8 double mutant, was enlarged compared with that in Col-0. Microarray analysis revealed that 1,818 genes were differentially expressed in adf4 and ADF1-4Ri. In particular, expression of 22 nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat genes, which are involved in effector-triggered plant immunity, was reduced in adf4 and ADF1-4Ri. qRT-PCR confirmed the altered expressions shown with microarray analysis. Overall, these results suggest that ADF regulates various aspects of plant physiology through its role in regulation of nuclear organization and gene expression. The mechanism how ADF and ACT regulate nuclear organization and gene expression is discussed.journal articl
AR オ モチイタ プレゼンテーション チュウ ノ アイ コンタクト ギノウ ノ シエン クンレン シュホウ
Get PDFNonverbal skills are fundamental in determining the subjective impression of public speaking. Eye contact, in particular, is a special skill that requires presenters to switch eye gaze among multiple audience members while speaking, and training is essential to acquire this skill. However, there is little research on system or method that allows presenters to learn eye-contact skill sets. In addition, general training takes time to acquire skills that can be used in an actual environment. In this study, we propose an AR-based method that supports eye contact skills in real-time in an actual presentation scene, and also provides training effects through continuous use. Based on the analysis of various outstanding presenters’ behaviors, appropriate eye contact was defined, and we developed the proposed method for obtaining these behaviors by incorporating unique training strategies. Experiments were conducted with 15 participants to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in a simulated presentation environment for five days. As a result, both the supporting and training effects were partially confirmed by analyzing eye gaze data and a metric for presentation skills.journal articl
Giant Seebeck effect over 0.1 V K2013 is this an intrinsic phenomenon in organic semiconductors?
No full textA good solution for energy harvesting is to generate electricity using waste heat from our bodies or living environment. Therefore, the development of flexible and lightweight thermoelectric generators (TEGs) is urgently necessary, and studies on organic thermoelectric materials have become increasingly intensive. This article will present ongoing studies about a mysterious phenomenon in organic semiconductors, the giant Seebeck effect (GSE). The GSE was first discovered with pure C60 thin films and eventually confirmed to occur in various organic semiconductors. In the thin films or single crystals of organic small-molecule semiconductors with high purity, i.e., small carrier density, huge Seebeck coefficients, >0.1 V K2013400 K. The facts revealed by the experiments to date will be presented, and unresolved mysteries will be discussed.journal articl
Influence of halogen elements in organic salts on n-type doping of CNT yarn for thermoelectric applications
No full textDoping control of carbon nanotube (CNT) is crucial for thermoelectric (TE) application to maximize the power conversion efficiency. Despite the recent achievement of good air stability by organic salts for n-type carrier doping, their doping mechanism has not been systematically investigated so far. Here, we demonstrate doping of CNT yarn using ammonium salts with different halogen elements (tetra-butylammonium salts, TBAX where X = Cl, Br, or I) through the dipping technique. By changing the halogen element, we specifically investigated the halogen effect in the n-type doping process of CNT. The introduction of each material into the CNT yarn and its doping reaction were then studied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Halogen element was found to affect the excess amount of TBA+ cation in the CNT yarn. The largest amount of excess TBA+ is found in the TBAI-doped yarn, which stabilizes the most amount of negative charge in CNT, enhancing the TE performance and its stability over one month in air. This study discovers the importance of the halogen element in the doping process of CNT-based TE materials by organic salts, simultaneously offering an efficient and stable n-type doping strategy.journal articl
Thin and Scalable Hybrid Emission Filter via Plasma Etching for Low-Invasive Fluorescence Detection
No full textHybrid emission filters, comprising an interference filter and an absorption filter, exhibit high excitation light rejection performance and can act as lensless fluorescent devices. However, it has been challenging to produce them in large batches over a large area. In this study, we propose and demonstrate a method for transferring a Si substrate, on which the hybrid filter is deposited, onto an image sensor by attaching it to the sensor and removing the substrate via plasma etching. Through this method, we can transfer uniform filters onto fine micrometer-sized needle devices and millimeter-sized multisensor chips. Optical evaluation reveals that the hybrid filter emits light in the 500 to 560 nm range, close to the emission region of green fluorescent protein (GFP). Furthermore, by observing the fluorescence emission from the microbeads, a spatial resolution of 12.11 μm is calculated. In vitro experiments confirm that the fabricated device is able to discriminate GFP emission patterns from brain slices.journal articl