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Analysis of Students’ Interests in Study Abroad and On-Campus Intercultural Interactions
Get PDFWhat affects students’ initial interests in study abroad programs as well as on-campus activities involving interaction with foreign students? Using the survey of over 600 students at Nagoya University, this paper examines the effects of various factors on the level of students’ interests in global learning outside and inside Japan. The ordered logit analysis demonstrates that various factors, such as gender, personal experience, perceived benefits, and barriers to studying abroad all affect the levels of students’ interests in these activities. At the same time, the analysis shows that male students who are previously considered to be less willing to study abroad do maintain a certain level of interests in both study abroad and on-campus interactions with foreign students. Furthermore, this research demonstrates that perceived benefits of studying abroad play a more significant role than barriers to study abroad in promoting students’ interests in global learning.departmental bulletin pape
量子力学の未解決問題：なぜマクロ古典力学系があるのか？
Get PDF2025年3月10, 11日に東京大学 柏キャンパス 生産技術研究所で開催された Quantum Foundations 2025（QF25）研究会における講演資料。2025年は量子力学100周年にあたる年であることを踏まえて、ここでは量子力学に関連した未解決問題について論じた。とくに人間サイズのマクロ系は、原子や電子など量子力学に従うミクロ要素でできているにも関わらず、量子力学とは異質な古典力学の法則に従っているように見える。構成要素が従う基本法則からストレートに演繹的説明ができないような性質や挙動が集団系において顕在化することは創発と呼ばれるが、演繹的説明は自明ではないにしても、「ミクロ系が集まってマクロ系ができている」という存在様式は確実な事実であるからには、マクロ古典系の創発もミクロ量子力学を基礎として演繹はできなくても、少なくとも正当化されるべきである。本講演では、相対論的場の量子論を基礎において、基底状態と励起状態の間にエネルギーギャップがあるmassiveな量子場から低エネルギー極限で粒子数の確定した非相対論的質点の量子力学が導かれ、さらに粒子数無限大の集団極限で古典力学が導かれるという筋書きを紹介した。とくに無限自由度量子系代数の表現のセクター構造から古典的可換変数の存在が導かれることが、この筋書きを裏付けている。また、エネルギーギャップを持たないmassless量子場からの低エネルギー極限では粒子数不定コヒーレント状態を経由して古典場の理論が導かれる。最大の難問は、観測による波束の収縮の導出である。これについては議論の余地が大いにあるが、ペンローズの重力収縮仮説は一つの可能性を提示している。この点も含めて今後の研究の見通しについて論じた。conference outpu
Inducibility Analysis of Pedestrian's Interactive Behavior
Get PDFAs the application fields of Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) expand, stress-free interaction with people around them becomes more important. AMRs are highly required to interact with pedestrians like human-human interaction. This paper proposes a new measure, ’Inducibility,’ expressing how AMR’s behavior can induce (control) the other pedestrian’s behavior. In particular, this paper discusses two kinds of inducibility measures: one is based on the sensitivity of decision-making, and the other one is based on the controllability gramian for the state space model of the interactive behavior. Finally, the validity of these two measures is evaluated based on data on interaction behaviors, and typical applications of these measures are discussed.journal articl
Modulable Supramolecular Hydrogels via Co-Assembly Using Cyclic Dipeptides: Influence of One Methyl Group
No full textSelf-assembling peptide derivatives containing unnatural amino acids are promising for the modulation of the structure and function of supramolecular architectures consisting of natural peptide-based derivatives through co-assembly. In this study, we investigate the self-assembly of three cyclic dipeptides that contain synthetic α-methyl-l-phenylalanine as the unnatural amino acid in an aqueous medium. We reveal that one of the three synthesized cyclic dipeptides can form a supramolecular hydrogel and resolve the self-assembled architecture and the folded conformation at the atomic scale, where one methyl group introduced at the α-carbon of l-phenylalanine significantly influenced the properties of the hydrogel. Furthermore, we demonstrate that co-assembly with its natural counterpart enables modulation of the viscoelastic properties of supramolecular hydrogels. Thus, our study may facilitate the exploration of unnatural peptide-based self-assembling molecular libraries for the construction of supramolecular soft materials.journal articl
Biomechanical characteristics of high- and low-frequency trunk acceleration upon gait initiation related to balance ability in community-dwelling elderly people: a cross-sectional study
Get PDFAlthough trunk acceleration during walking is widely used as a measure of stability, few studies have focused on sensitive postural control in community-dwelling elderly people to detect components related to balance ability during gait initiation. This study aimed to clarify the biomechanical characteristics of movement and sensitive postural control related to balance ability, focusing on high- and low-frequency components of trunk acceleration during gait initiation. Healthy older participants were divided into two groups (high-performance older people [Older(H)], n = 11; age, 76.2 ± 3.3 years, and low-performance older people [Older(L)], n = 17; age, 75.8 ± 3.2 years) based on the Timed Up and Go Test time related to balance ability while walking at their chosen speed. Trunk acceleration data were obtained from an accelerometer on the L3-4 level spinous process. The gait velocity was measured at the first step using a motion capture system. The acceleration data were separated into high- and low-frequency components, and the root mean square was calculated. The level of significance was set at 5%. For the high-frequency component, the root mean square of acceleration in Older(L) was significantly lower than that of Older(H) in the mediolateral direction (p = 0.019) and correlated with gait velocity (r = 0.415; p < 0.001). For the low-frequency component, the root mean square of acceleration in Older(L) was significantly lower than that of Older(H) in the vertical (p = 0.034) and anteroposterior direction (p = 0.039). The results suggest that low- and high-frequency components of trunk acceleration can reveal biomechanical characteristics in community-dwelling elderly people.This work was supported by Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), the establishment of university fellowships towards the creation of science technology innovation (Grant Number JPMJFS2120).departmental bulletin pape
Environmental intervention for two cases of non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease
Get PDFNon-tuberculous Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease is caused by inhalation of water or soil dust containing MAC bacteria. Treatment of MAC disease should include not only drug treatment, usually a three-drug regimen consisting of a macrolide, ethambutol, and a rifamycin, but also environmental intervention. However, there is no standardized approach to environmental evaluation or remediation of potentially harmful exposures from potting soils in home or workplace environments for patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. We present two patients with MAC disease who were positive for anti-MAC antibodies but had no culturable mycobacteria in sputum. One patient discontinued gardening, and the other patient moved her many indoor plants outside. Both patients subsequently had decreased sputum, and subsequent chest computed tomography showed decreased ground-glass opacities, consolidation, and small nodules. Environmental intervention may therefore be sufficient treatment for mild MAC disease.departmental bulletin pape
Equilibrium Leadership in Tax Competition: The Role of Capital-Labor Substitution/Complement
Get PDFThis paper examines endogenous leadership in tax competition using two countries with asymmetricity of population and three-input production functions, in which capital and labor are either complements or substitutes. Population size is positively (negatively) associated with marginal productivity of capital if the capital and labor are complements (substitute). Under the endogenous timing game, the simultaneous-move outcome could be realized if the productivity gap is extremely large. When capital and labor are complements, a large country tends to lead, and the strategy could be not only riskdominant but also Pareto-dominant. In contrast, the leadership of a small country could be risk-dominant or Pareto-dominant when capital and labor are substitutes. This paper demonstrates that a large or small country leads, depending on the technological relationship between capital and labor in production.departmental bulletin pape
大学教育への期待とカリキュラム編成の実際 : 文理横断・文理融合教育の検討
Get PDF本論文は、予測不可能な時代における課題解決に資すると期待される文理横断・文理融合教育を取り上げ、実際にカリキュラム編成する際にどのような課題が生じているか検討し、今後のカリキュラムマネジメントについて考察する。近年、大学には体系的であるとともに横断的で柔軟なカリキュラムが求められており、カリキュラム編成とマネジメントの両面から工夫する必要がある。なかでも文理横断・文理融合教育は教養教育から専門教育まで幅広く、科目区分、学問分野の範囲や水準、履修要件、単位数などが異なり、カリキュラムは多様である。また、入学者選抜方法、教育目的・教育目標、カリキュラム、学生の意識、マネジメントなどに課題がみられる。文理横断・文理融合教育は多様な学問分野にわたることから、カリキュラムの編成主体も多く、カリキュラム上の連関性とマネジメント上の協働性の確保が一層重要となる。文理横断・文理融合教育を「目的」と「手段」のどちらと捉えるか、教育目的・教育目標を明確化したうえで、目的・目標に応じて学生が実質的に文理にわたる学習経験ができるようにカリキュラムの構造や履修要件の設定、履修指導などを綿密に行う必要がある。This paper focuses on cross-literary and science education, which is expected to contribute to solving problems in this unpredictable age. It examines the issues that arise in curriculum development and then discusses future curriculum management. In recent years, universities have been required to have a systematic, cross-disciplinary, and flexible curriculum, and it has thus become necessary to devise both curriculum design and management. Cross-literary and science education ranges from general education to specialized education. Moreover, the curriculum is diverse, with different subject categories, scopes and levels of academic disciplines, course requirements, and number of credits, among others. In addition, there are issues related to the method of admission selection, educational objectives and goals, the curriculum, student awareness, and management. Because cross-literary and science education covers a wide range of academic fields, many actors are involved in developing the curriculum. Therefore, ensuring linkages between curriculum design and collaboration in management is crucial. It is necessary to define whether cross-literary and science education should be regarded as an “objective” or a “means,” to clarify educational objectives and goals, and to carefully design curricula, set course requirements, and provide course guidance. The goal is for students to have real learning experiences that transcend the boundaries of the arts and sciences in accordance with these objectives.departmental bulletin pape
