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藤原定家写本『土佐日記』の漢字使用について
Get PDF『土佐日記』諸本の中で藤原定家書写の旧前田家本は特異なテクストによって知られてきた。冒頭部の二か所の意改をはじめ独自の仮名遣い、合理的な句切れ、多量の訓漢字の導入等であるが、原本再建を旨とする文献学の中では珍奇な一本という扱いをされてきた。本稿では、定家本を独自の重要な価値を持つテクストとして再評価する。平安前期までの写本の総平仮名表記を言語変化への対応によって、漢字を交え、文法的単位を標示することによって読みやすい古典本文を後世に伝えた意義を解明する。departmental bulletin pape
Comparing age–happiness relationships across Japan, China, and Europe
Get PDFNumerous studies have examined the existence of the “well-being paradox,” according to which subjective well-being is stable or even improves in later life despite worsening health and social losses. However, a consensus has not been reached regarding the factors accounting for the paradox. We utilized repeated cross-sectional survey data from Japan, China, and three European countries (France, Germany, and the United Kingdom) over two decades to compare the happiness trajectory over age and the factors affecting happiness across the five countries. When we used the unadjusted data, we observed U-shaped age-happiness curves in Japan and China, whereas the curves were relatively S-shaped in Europe. However, after controlling for the four intervening variables (marital status, income, job status, and health), the curves aligned more with the well-being paradox across all five countries. Each intervening variable’s role differed substantially across the countries; notably, a change in job status from working to retirement decreased happiness more substantially in Europe than in Japan and China.departmental bulletin pape
The Latest Insights into Multiply Selective Diels–Alder Reactions Using a Chiral‐Cavity‐Structured Lewis‐Acidic Boron Catalyst
No full textThe latest insights into multiply selective Diels–Alder (DA) reactions is presented, where a chiral-cavity-structured Lewis-acidic boron catalyst is employed. The catalyst ((R)-1) is capable of recognizing both dienes and dienophiles, primarily due to the influence of the suitable steric factors of its cavity. By taking advantage of the structural and exo-product-inducing properties of (R)-1, even in the presence of a mixture of inseparable dienes, the target products were successfully obtained in high yield with high enantioselectivity. As (R)-1 exhibited the capacity to differentiate between three-dimensional isomeric transition-state structures in DA reactions, this work contributes to the advancement of artificial enzyme-like catalysis, which has so far remained elusive.journal articl
Reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire for nutrient intakes in the study areas of large-scale cohort studies in Japan
Get PDFThe Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study, the Yamagata Molecular Epidemiological Cohort Study, and the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study use a 47-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed in central Japan in 2004. We applied regression analyses to estimate nutrient intakes in the FFQ. The regression equations, however, may not be so robust and may vary among areas, even in Japan. We aimed to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of the FFQ over an expanded area of Japan. Healthy volunteers aged 34–70 years from 13 areas of Japan provided 12-day weighed dietary records (WDRs) and completed two FFQs over 1 year. We evaluated reproducibility and validity by comparing the intakes of 27 nutrients between the two FFQs and the first FFQ (FFQ1) and WDRs, respectively. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (SRs) between estimates from the FFQs and WDRs were calculated and corrected for intra-individual variation in the WDRs. Intakes of the selected nutrients estimated from the two FFQs were equivalent. The median energy-adjusted SRs between FFQ1 and the second FFQ were 0.66 for both men and women. Regarding validity adjusted for within-individual variation, energy-adjusted SRs for WDRs vs FFQ1 ranged from 0.13 (thiamin) to 0.79 (alcohol) for men, and the median was 0.35. The energy-adjusted SRs ranged from 0.20 (protein) to 0.71 (alcohol) for women, and the median was 0.43. The FFQ demonstrated high reproducibility and moderate validity, which suggests that it is appropriate to clarify associations between diet and health and/or disease among adults in Japan.departmental bulletin pape
Myonectin stimulates endothelial angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo
Get PDFEndurance exercise is known to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Myonectin, a myokine, is increased by endurance exercise and affects remote organs such as the heart. However, the role of myonectin in the blood vessels is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of myonectin in angiogenesis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with recombinant myonectin to assess tube formation, proliferation, and migration. An in vivo Matrigel plug assay was performed by transplanting Matrigel containing myonectin into myonectin-knockout (Myo-KO) mice, and angiogenic response was evaluated. Mouse models of hindlimb ischemia were developed by ligating and removing the femoral arteries of wild-type (WT), Myo-KO, and myonectin-overexpressing transgenic (Myo-TG) mice, and blood flow was evaluated over time by laser Doppler imaging. In vitro, treatment with myonectin increased the differentiation of HUVECs into vascular-like structures. Myonectin significantly stimulated HUVEC migration, as assessed using a modified Boyden chamber assay. Treatment with myonectin also increased HUVEC proliferation, as assessed by the MTS assay. In the Matrigel plug assay, plugs containing myonectin displayed a significantly higher-degree of endothelial cell infiltration than plugs containing vehicle. Angiogenic repair of ischemic hindlimbs was impaired in Myo-KO mice compared to that in WT mice. However, Myo-TG mice had significantly increased limb perfusion after ischemic surgery compared to that in WT mice. This study showed that myonectin acts directly on vascular endothelial cells and promotes angiogenesis. Treatment aimed at increasing myonectin production may be useful in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with vascular dysfunction.departmental bulletin pape
