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清雍正期改土帰流後の社会動向 : シプソンパンナーを手掛かりに
Get PDFFrom the late 16th to the 18th century, many regions of the world, including East Asia, faced challenges such as commercial development, increased population exchanges, and regional conflicts. This period is often referred to as the "early modern." In Yunnan, Southwest China, the Qing dynasty implemented the ‘Gaituguiliu’改土帰流 in the early 18th century. However, local societies sometimes resisted Qing control, as seen in Sipsonpanna. Despite the Qing's efforts to weaken indigenous rule by establishing new administrative structures, the Cheli Xuanweisi 車里宣慰司 authority persisted until the late Republic of China period due to the Qing's ‘Tuliubingzhi’土流並治, which allowed indigenous leaders 土司 to cooperate with government officials 流官. This study examines the policies implemented by Qing officials, their changing perceptions of local society, and the responses from local communities. The analysis highlights the complex dynamics of local governance, illustrating how the Qing's policies led to both cooperation and conflict. Indigenous local officials integrated into the Qing administration faced challenges due to inadequate compensation, leading to occasional rebellions. This study provides insights into the broader social trends in Yunnan following the ‘Gaituguiliu’ reforms, emphasizing the interplay between central authority and local resistance.departmental bulletin pape
中国語の動補フレーズ“V 够”の表す意味 : 「分量」と感情の接点
Get PDF汉语的动补结构“V 够” 中的结果补语“ 够” 表示动作行为达到某一标准或某种程度，或者表示超过一定限度、难以承受的意思。比如，“ 吃够了” 有满足义和厌倦义，分别相当于“ 吃饱了” 和“ 吃腻了”。前者叙述动作量，后者描述消极情绪。本文主要从“V 的语义特征”、“ʻ 够ʼ 的语义指向” 和“ 相关格式” 等几个方面，分析如何区分“V 够” 形式所传达的这两种带有感情色彩的意义。departmental bulletin pape
近世戒律復興の初期状況 : 祖師俊正明忍の対馬からの書簡をめぐって
Get PDFThis study interprets nine Letters from the Founder (in the collection of the Saimyōji), dispatched by Shunjō Myōnin, the founder of the early modern revival of the Buddhist precepts, from Tsushima, where he was staying, hoping to cross to the continent to receive the precepts via separate conferral. Many of these letters are addressed to Eun, and they evince the names of lay stewards and monks which are not recorded in other sources. Myōnin also dispatched letters to his family home, and to monks of other temples in Kyoto with whom he had relations, sometimes with requests to send him items or books. He also communicated with villagers in Tsushima. He also had close relations with Nichiō, a monk of the Fujufuse (“Neither Giving Nor Accepting”) branch of the Nichiren sect. Thus, it is not the case that Myōnin came in solitude to Tsushima, cutting off his personal ties. Myōnin resolved not to return to his monastery until he had received the precepts via separate conferral. While waiting for permission to cross to the continent, he died of illness in the third year of his sojourn.departmental bulletin pape
がん治療と仕事の両立における研究の動向と今後の課題
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to review studies on balancing cancer treatment and work and to identify future issues regarding studies focusing on psychological aspects. Based on a review of previous studies, it was categorized that there are six factors related to the return to and continuation of work for cancer survivors: psychological factors, disease/treatment factors, family/supporter factors, workplace/ company factors, medical factors, and social factors. Academic evidence is accumulating on factors related to return to work and continuity of employment in other countries. On the other hand, in Japan, a situation was observed where an increasing number of papers, mainly questionnaire surveys and fact-finding studies of workers and businesses, as well as qualitative studies, were being published. As a direction for future research, in promoting psychological support for cancer treatment and work, it is necessary to accumulate knowledge on psychological facilitators and barriers for return to work and continuation of employment, as well as on psychological processes from the time of initial cancer diagnosis through the time of returning to work.departmental bulletin pape
The Impact of Tax Morale on Compliance: Evidence from Firm-Level Data in Malawi
Get PDFTax revenue is crucial for development, yet non-compliance persists in developing countries. Despite the increasing adoption of self-assessment systems (SAS) that rely on voluntary compliance, the role of tax morale remains understudied. This study investigates the relationship between tax morale and compliance among 275 Malawian firms, employing a novel double LASSO methodology for variable selection and estimation. The findings reveal a strong positive association between tax morale and compliance (coefficient＝0.2377, p ＜0.01), with estimates higher than previous studies. This can be attributed to firm-level data, which provides a more accurate measurement of taxpayer attitudes and behaviors than prior research that primarily surveyed the general population. Key mechanisms underlying this relationship include perceptions of tax system fairness and satisfaction with public services, such as electricity, water, and sanitation. The study highlights the importance of tax morale in voluntary systems and suggests that improving public service provision and enhancing tax system fairness can significantly boost tax revenue in Malawi.departmental bulletin pape
環境規制が中国企業のパフォーマンスに及ぼす影響
Get PDF近年，企業が「高品質」な商品を生産するには，「環境に配慮した企業」であることが重要であると理解されるようになっている．中国は「経済と環境の好循環」を目標としており，政府は環境規制を強化している．企業は製品ライフサイクル全体にわたる環境負荷を軽減し，効率を高めるために新しい環境テクノロジーを開発しようとしている．本稿では中国企業のパネルデータを使用して，環境規制が企業パフォーマンスに与える影響を分析した．その結果，環境規制は，規制が緩やかな場合は企業パフォーマンスを促進するが，過度に厳しくなると企業パフォーマンスを阻害するという「逆U字型」の効果を与えることが明らかになった．企業パフォーマンスの指標には，資本利益率，利益の増加率，在庫，回転率などが含まれる．環境規制には，工業用水の排出量，二酸化硫黄の排出量，固形廃棄物の排出量などの規制が含まれる．この影響は企業のライフサイクル段階や地理的位置によって異なることが明らかになった．また経営者が近視眼的な姿勢である場合は環境規制が企業業績に与える促進効果は低下することも分かった．本稿の研究結果は，効果的な環境規制政策を策定し，企業経営者が環境に優しい企業経営を行うことを支援することの重要性を示す実証的根拠を提供した．In recent years, “environmentally friendly enterprise” has become a crucial aspect of producing “highquality” goods for businesses. China has embraced “an economy-environment virtuous cycle” as an objective, with the government enhancing environmental regulations. Companies have integrated new environmental technologies to mitigate environmental impacts across the product lifecycle, enhancing efficiency. This study employs panel data to examine the impact of environmental regulations on the performance of Chinese enterprises. Performance indicators include capital profit margin, profit growth rate, and inventory turnover rate. Environmental regulations cover controls on industrial water discharge volume, sulfur dioxide emissions, and solid waste discharge volume. The study reveals an “inverted U” shaped effect of environmental regulations on corporate performance, initially facilitating and subsequently inhibiting progress. Additionally, this effect varies based on the enterprise’s life cycle stage and geographic location. Moreover, the promoting effect of environmental regulations on corporate performance diminishes under the influence of managerial myopia. The research findings in this paper offer theoretical and empirical support for crafting effective environmental regulation policies and assisting enterprises in adopting eco-friendly practices.本研究は中国国家自然科学基金青年基金（71804195），中国教育部人文社会科学基金青年項目の助成を受けたものです．departmental bulletin pape
Endoscope-assisted brain tumor removal overcomes the restriction of using intraoperative open magnetic resonance imaging in the suboccipital approach
Get PDFIntraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) plays a crucial role in improving the precision of brain tumor surgeries. However, the use of iMRI can impose certain limitations on intraoperative head positioning. In regular microscopic surgery, head positioning is of utmost importance because an appropriate surgical field is important for the efficacy and safety of surgery. Therefore, in cases where adequate head positioning is difficult, usually, iMRI will not be utilized. Herein, we report an adult case of cerebellar astrocytoma whose tumor extended to the culmen of the cerebellum. Upon surgery via the suboccipital approach, the positional limitations imposed by iMRI led to an insufficient vertex-down position and limited surgical field, which hampered the removal of the upper portion of the tumor. However, this concern could be overcome when used in combination with an endoscope. The potential of iMRI applications is anticipated to be enhanced by overcoming positional limitations through combined endoscopic surgery. The use of multimodality in surgery is an optimal example of how surgical support equipment can also improve surgical outcomes. Here, we report on the new possibilities offered by multimodality.departmental bulletin pape