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Comparative outcomes of in-situ fixation and fixation after reduction in geriatric patients with severe valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures: a retrospective multicenter (TRON group) study
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes between in situ fixation and fixation after reduction of severe valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures in patients aged 65 years or older. This was a multicenter retrospective study of 561 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for femoral neck fracture. From this population, we selected patients aged 65 years and older with severe valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures characterized by a Garden alignment index greater than 15 degrees compared to that on the non-injury side. After exclusion criteria were applied, the study included 92 patients who were categorized into two groups: in situ fixation group (n = 56) and fixation after reduction group (n = 36). Our analysis covered patient demographics, surgical details, postoperative complications, radiographic evaluations, Numeric Rating Scale for pain, and Parker’s Mobility Score for clinical outcomes. Bone union was achieved in all patients. The incidence of avascular necrosis was consistent between the groups. Patients in the reduction group reported lower Numeric Rating Scale scores (mean: 0 vs 2, p = 0.003) and higher Parker’s Mobility Score scores (mean: 7 vs 6, p = 0.009) compared with the in situ group. Radiographically, the reduction group showed significantly lower femoral neck shortening (mean: 4.75 mm vs 5.75 mm, p = 0.049) and a reduced length of cannulated cancellous screw backout (mean: 3.4 mm vs 5.4 mm, p = 0.007) at the final follow-up. Fixation after reduction for severe valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures in patients aged 65 and above appears to be a safe and effective approach.departmental bulletin pape
Importance of anesthesiologists’ non-technical skills in the management of a case of life-threatening cardiac tamponade during robot-assisted thoracic surgery
Get PDFDeficiency of non-technical skills may increase the number of adverse events in the operating room. Sustained life-threatening hypotension due to intraoperative cardiac tamponade during robot-assisted thoracic surgery is rare, requiring prompt assessment and swift decision-making. A 54-year-old woman was scheduled to undergo robot-assisted thoracic surgery for an anterior mediastinal tumor. During the operation, hemodynamic instability occurred despite the administration of a high dose of vasopressor. Anesthesiologists and thoracic surgeons shared information regarding the situation, and decided to perform echocardiography and call other physicians for assistance. Cardiac tamponade was diagnosed during echocardiography, and an incision was made in the pericardium. The patient recovered from the critical situation and was extubated in the operating room. Particularly in robot-assisted surgery, non-technical skills are indispensable to enable the anesthesiologist to successfully manage critical hemodynamic instability owing to unexplained causes.departmental bulletin pape
Enhancing specimen preparation for transmission electron microscopy: Trypan Blue staining and low-melting-point agar embedding for ultra-thin cell sections
Get PDFThe observation of ultrathin sections of cells and other specimens using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a standard technique in many biological research laboratories. Cells are typically collected, dehydrated through an ascending series of alcohols, and embedded in resin blocks before being sectioned with an ultramicrotome. This multi-step process can be time consuming and error prone. To address these challenges, we introduced modifications to improve sample visualization while avoiding hazardous substances like osmium tetroxide and epoxy resins (e.g., Araldite), which are increasingly regulated internationally. Specifically, we stained cells with Trypan Blue and used low melting point agar, facilitating visual identification of target areas and enabling precise embedding. As a result, visual tracking of samples prior to embedding for TEM was improved, preventing the cutting of empty blocks and ensuring efficient preparation of ultrathin sections.journal articl
Lymph node density as prognostic factor in regional recurrent or residual head and neck cancer
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Precipitation behavior during low-temperature aging in Al–Mg–Si alloy using STEM-EDS intensity correlograms
Get PDFAl–Mg–Si alloys are extensively used in automotive panels because of their high formability and age-hardening capabilities during paint baking. Natural aging that occurs after the solution treatment inhibits formation of β″ precipitates during subsequent artificial aging, reducing the hardness. The precipitation behavior of Al–0.65Mg–0.81Si mass% alloy during isothermal aging at 100 °C over various durations is investigated in this study using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and STEM energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The analysis reveals the formation of Guinier–Preston (GP) zones and β″ precipitates, which influence the mechanical properties of the alloy. After 1 h of aging, no GP zones are observed; however, clusters with diameters of 1.0–1.5 nm formed, increasing and decreasing in density at 10 and 400 h, respectively. Further, β″-related structures with a Mg/Si ratio of ∼1 started forming at 10 h and grew in number by 400 h, with most particles being spherical and some elongated along the [100]Al direction. These microstructural changes correlate with yield strength variations, highlighting the role of pre-aging in promoting β″ formation during subsequent artificial aging. In addition, a novel STEM-EDS intensity correlogram method is introduced to effectively distinguish aging products from the matrix and deepen the understanding of microstructural evolution in Al–Mg–Si alloys.journal articl
「ばかり」の意味・機能と構文的特徴 : 「程度」の意味を中心に
Get PDFIn this study, I described the meanings, functions, and syntactic characteristics of the "degree" usage of "bakari". I divided the meanings of "degree" expressed by "bakari" into three categories based on the relationship between the preceding word and the modified word: "degree of intensity", "considerable amount", and "approximate quantity". When "bakari" is interpreted as expressing the "degree of intensity", the preceding word X indicates the high or low degree of the modified word Y, and "bakari" functions as an adverbial phrase. In sentences interpreted as expressing a "considerable amount", X is a quantifier, and Y can be various words, with "bakari" modifying the degree of the quantity encompassed within Y. The "bakari" that expresses the meaning of "considerable amount" also functions as an adverbial phrase. Finally, "bakari" that expresses the meaning of "approximate quantity" appears as an argument of the following verb Y. In this case, "bakari" indicates the approximate amount of the object that corresponds to the action expressed by the following verb, and it appears in a noun phrase. Next, I analyzed cases where there is ambiguity in the interpretation of the meanings of "limitation" and "degree" usage. When "bakari" appears in the argument position and the preceding word X is a quantifier, the sentence can be interpreted as expressing either the "degree" or the "limitation" amount meaning. When interpreted as each meaning, the sentence accent differs. Additionally, both the "limitation" and "degree" usages can be used in the "X bakari no Y" construction. When interpreted as the meaning of "limitation", X is a type of characteristic of Y. When interpreted as the meaning of "degree", X is the degree of the characteristic that Y possesses. Finally, when "bakari" appears in the predicate position, if the preceding word is an emotion or sensation verb like "odoroku" (to be surprised) and Y is the subject of X, it takes on the meaning of "limitation. If Y is the object of X, it takes on the meaning of "degree", furthermore, when Y is a stative verb and X is not a person noun, the interpretation of "degree" and "limitation" in the sentence is ambiguous and can be interpreted as either meaning.departmental bulletin pape
李煜詞「烏夜啼・無言独上西楼」の音声的特徴
Get PDFLi Yu’s lyrics possess an appealing phonetic resonance. Based on the research results of phonetics, this paper analyzes the phonetic features of the lyrics in “Wu Ye Ti: Wu Yan Du Shang Xi Lou”, and explores their connection to the musicality of the lyrics. After reconstructing the lyrics in Middle Chinese pronunciation, it examines the initials, finals, and tones of the syllables. Furthermore, it analyzes the rhythm and melody of the entire lyrics. As a result, it is considered that each phrase possesses unique phonetic features, thereby expressing the poet’s changing emotions. Moreover, it points out that smooth rhythms are formed through the arrangement of the syllables, and the melodies created by tones adhere to the principles of musical composition. From this analysis, it is expected to help us understand lyrics from a perspective of phonetics.departmental bulletin pape
How to Formulate a Clear and Realistic Hypothesis
Get PDFHypotheses are the foundation of scientific inquiry, yet their formulation is often treated as an intuitive process rather than a systematic skill. Philosophers like Aristotle, Bacon, and Popper have identified traits of good hypotheses--clarity, testability, and falsifiability--but offer little practical guidance on creating them. This gap leaves researchers relying on ad hoc methods, leading to vague hypotheses, biased results, and poor reproducibility. This paper introduces a systematic framework for hypothesis formulation, guiding researchers in identifying key variables, defining measurable relationships, and ensuring testability. By reducing ambiguity and fostering precision, this approach enhances the quality and impact of hypothesis-driven research.仮説は科学的探究の基盤であるにもかかわらず、その形成は体系的なスキルというよりも直感的なプロセスとして扱われることが多いです。アリストテレス、ベーコン、ポパーのような哲学者たちは、明確性、検証可能性、反証可能性といった良い仮説の特徴を特定しましたが、それを作成するための実践的なガイダンスはほとんど提供していません。このギャップにより、研究者はその場しのぎの方法に頼ることになり、曖昧な仮説、偏った結果、再現性の低い研究につながっています。本論文では、仮説形成のための体系的なフレームワークを紹介し、研究者が重要な変数を特定し、測定可能な関係を定義し、検証可能性を確保する手順を案内します。このアプローチは曖昧さを減らし、正確性を促進することで、仮説駆動型研究の質と影響を向上させます。departmental bulletin pape