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“油症”における免疫応答の考察：油症患者の炎症を生じやすい素因におけるNK細胞とTreg細胞の役割
No full textBackground: In 1968 in western Japan, polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated “Kanemi rice oil” was used in cooking, causing food poisoning in many people. More than 50 years have passed since the Yusho incident, and although inflammatory disorders such as suppuration have been observed in Yusho patients, the etiology of this inflammation susceptibility remains obscure. Objectives:
To investigate the mechanisms of susceptibility to inflammation in Yusho patients, peripheral immune cell fractions and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in blood samples collected from both Yusho patients and age-matched healthy subjects undergoing medical examination in Nagasaki. Methods: To exclude diagnostic uncertainty, serum levels of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), polychlorinated quarterphenyl (PCQ), and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) were measured. Immune cell (e.g. natural killer and regulatory T cell) populations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Serum cytokines involved in immune cell activation were measured by ELISA. Results: The relative proportion of natural killer cells was higher in Yusho patients than in healthy subjects, while the proportion of regulatory T cells did not differ between groups. Serum concentrations of IL-36 and IFN-γ were significantly lower in Yusho patients than in healthy subjects. Conversely, serum cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), which is a cytokine related to activated NK cells, was higher in Yusho patients than in healthy subjects and was positively correlated with PCDF blood levels. Conclusion:
Increased numbers of NK cells in Yusho patients suggests that the innate immune response has been activated in Yusho patients. The seemingly paradoxical results for CTLA-4 and IFN-γ may reflect counterbalancing mechanisms preventing excessive NK cell activation. This dysregulation of innate immunity might contribute to the inflammation observed in Yusho patients.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1254号 学位授与年月日:令和2年6月3日Author: Yoshiyuki Kamio, Yumi Gunge, Yuta Koike, Yutaka Kuwatsuka, Kazuto Tsuruta, Katsunori Yanagihara, Masutaka Furue, Hiroyuki MurotaCitation: Environmental Research, 185, art.no.109415; 202
Bevacizumab +oral 5-fluorourasil versus intensive chemotherapy for the treatment of elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Get PDFAim: This study compared the efficacy and safety of Bmab+oral 5-Fluorourasil (Bmab+o-5-FU) including Bmab+Capecitabine (Cape) with that of intensive chemotherapy including L-OHP or CPT-11 for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).
Methods: Between January 2006 and February 2017, 40 elderly (≥70 years) chemotherapy-naïve patients with mCRC (male/female=22/18; median age, 76.0 years) were retrospectively reviewed. The treatment regimens were Bmab+o-5-FU (n=19)and intensive regimens (n=21). Intensive regimens comprised 17 L-OHP and 4 CPT-11 doublet chemotherapies.
Results: The median progression-free survival (PFS) with Bmab+o-5-FU and intensive regimens was 281 and 215 days, respectively. The median survival time with Bmab+o-5-FU and intensive regimens was 961 and 1,002 days, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the overall survival or PFS between Bmab+o-5-FU and the other regimens. The disease control rate was 94.7% with Bmab+o-5-FU and 81.0% with intensive regimens. The rate of grade ≥3 hematologicaladverse events was 5.3% for Bmab+o-5-FU and 15.8% for intensive regimens.
Conclusions: With its similar survival benefit to intensive regimens, high disease control rate and good feasibility, Bmab+o-5-FU seems a fine treatment choice for elderly mCRC patients
Relationship between post-traumatic growth and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder a long time after a volcanic disaster
Get PDFBackground: Mt. Unzen-Fugendake, located in southwestern Japan, began erupting in November 1990. Forty-three people were killed in the 1991 pyroclastic flow. The eruption lasted for 6 years, and approximately 11,000 people, or about 25% of the population, were forced to live in shelters, some for up to 10 years. Aim: This study was conducted 25 years later to investigate the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms a long time after a disaster and the evacuation period. Methods: In 2015, a questionnaire survey was conducted. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF) were distributed to residents affected by the disaster and collected by mail. Results: In total, 300 responded to the survey, and 278 of whom provided complete answers and were included in the analysis. The mean evacuation period was 35.8±27.9 months. The percentage of those with a high score on the IES-R was 11.5%, which is higher than the general population, and the mean PTGI-SF score was 18.09. Injury to family members and the need to evacuate were related to PTSD and post-traumatic growth (PTG). Conclusion: PTSD symptoms were still apparent 25 years after the disaster. The length of the evacuation period at the time of the disaster was significantly related to the appearance of PTSD symptoms. PTG was similarly affected by the length of the evacuation period. These findings suggest the need to continue measures and support with a longer perspective to support residents after a disaster
Genetic counseling for trisomy X syndrome diagnosed by amniocentesis: a case report
Get PDF[Introduction] Trisomy X is a sex chromosome abnormality that occurs in approximately 1 in 1,000 female births. We provided genetic counseling to a pregnant woman and her husband following the prenatal diagnosis of trisomy X by amniocentesis. [Case] A 27-year-old pregnant woman, gravida 2, para 1, underwent a prenatal checkup by her general practitioner. Nuchal translucency (NT) of 3.4 mm was detected in the fetus at 11 weeks of gestation and had disappeared by 12 weeks of gestation. The pregnant woman and her husband consulted our unit for genetic counseling at 13 weeks of gestation. Although we did not detect any NT or other abnormality in the fetus, the parents were concerned about possible abnormalities and requested amniocentesis. Amniocentesis followed by chromosomal analysis at 16 weeks of gestation revealed a 47, XXX karyotype. We explained the results and characteristics of trisomy X to the couple. The frequency of trisomy X is 1 in 1,000, and it can be characterized by tall stature, developmental delay, learning disability, anxiety, and mood disorders. However, the features of
trisomy X vary and we were therefore unable to predict the newborn's precise postnatal physical and psychological characteristics. The couple decided to continue the pregnancy, and a female newborn was delivered at 38 weeks of gestation weighing 2,418 g. The karyotype was confirmed as 47,XXX, but her development to date (age of 2 years) has been normal. [Conclusions] Careful genetic counseling is important for pregnant women and their partners following a prenatal diagnosis of trisomy X
Rectourethral fistula during bevacizumab administration for cecum cancer after prostate brachytherapy: A case report.
Get PDFRectourethral fistula is rare complication after 125I low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy, and gastrointestinal fistulas are widely recognized as a complication of bevacizumab. To our knowledge, this is the first case of rectourethral fistula during bevacizumab administration for cecum cancer after prostate brachytherapy. A 75-year-old man visited our hospital because of urinary retention and fecaluria. He had been receiving chemotherapy for one year against recurrence of cecum cancer. The chemotherapy regimens were bevacizumab and capecitabine plus oxaliplatin. He had undergone laparoscopic ileocecal resection for cecum cancer 1.5 years earlier. Eight months after the operation, recurrence was recognized. He had a history of prostate cancer and had received 125I low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy for prostate cancer 17 years earlier. Computed tomography revealed air bubble from the rectum to the prostate and urethra. To prevent urinary tract infection, laparoscopic transverse colostomy and percutaneous cystostomy were performed. Although the patient's quality of life subsequently improved, the performance status declined remarkably. He was therefore transferred to another hospital and received the best supportive care. Rectourethral fistula is a rare but serious complication after 125I low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy. The introduction of bevacizumab to patients who have received this therapy should be carefully considered
Comparison of lung microbiota between antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and sarcoidosis
Get PDFMicrobial involvement in the pathogenesis have been suggested in both antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) and sarcoidosis, both of which have lung involvement. However, exhaustive research to assess the bacteria in the lung in AAV and in sarcoidosis have not been performed. We sought to elucidate the distinct dysbiotic lung microbiota between AAV and sarcoidosis. We used 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing to obtain the bacterial community composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in patients with AAV (n = 16) compared to patients with sarcoidosis (n = 21). The patients had not undergone therapy with immunosuppressive medication when their BALF was acquired. No difference was observed in α-diversity between patients with AAV and patients with sarcoidosis when using all the detected taxa. We defined the taxa of the oral cavity by using the data of oral microbiota of healthy individuals from the Human Microbiome Project (HMP). The analysis using only oral taxa made the difference in α-diversity between AAV and sarcoidosis clearer compared with those using all the detected taxa. Besides, the analysis using detected taxa except for oral taxa also made the difference in α-diversity between AAV and sarcoidosis clearer compared with those using all the detected taxa. A linear negative relationship between the α-diversity and Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS) was detected in the AAV group. The observed p-value for the effect of the disease groups on the ß-diversity was small while the effect of other factors including sex and smoking status did not have small p-values. By excluding oral taxa from all the detected taxa, we found a cluster mainly consisted of sarcoidosis patients which was characterized with microbial community monopolized by Erythrobacteraceae family. Our results suggested the importance of considering the influence of oral microbiota in evaluating lung microbiota
ネーザルハイフローはプロポフォール鎮静中の換気を改善する健康被験者でのランダム化クロスオーバー研究
Get PDF長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（医歯薬）甲第1256号 [学位授与年月日]令和2年6月3
Examination of the capture efficiency of invasive mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, by the difference of bait
Get PDF長崎大学教育学部紀要：自然科学 通巻 第87号（Bulletin of Faculty of Education, Nagasaki University: Natural Science, Vol.87) 梶本ひろし教授 退職記念
Practice and Educational Effect of Peace Learning using Virtual Atomic Field
Get PDF長崎大学教育学部紀要：教育科学 通巻 第84号（Bulletin of Faculty of Education, Nagasaki University: Educational Science, Vol.84
Creating English Audio Texts for Slash Reading/Listening with the Voice-Synthesis System Google Cloud Text to Speech
No full textThis technical note describes how to create an audio text with pauses for “slash” reading/listening (aka “phrase” or “chunk” reading/listening) by using a voice synthesis system. In general, English textbooks do not have audio CDs or files for slash reading. This is also true for the variety of English texts and passages freely available on the Internet. In these cases,
the instructors still might want to create audio files for pedagogical purposes. Therefore, this
paper explains a step-by-step procedure to create audio files with pauses for slash reading by
utilizing Google Cloud Text to Speech, along with “break,” an SSML tag. Although the created
audios are not natural voice, they should still help students learn English more effectively