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ネズミマラリア原虫Plasmodium yoeliiの新規シュードキナーゼPypPK1は赤血球侵入及びexflagellation center形成に関与する
No full textMalaria parasites proliferate by repeated invasion of and multiplication within erythrocytes in the vertebrate host. Sexually committed intraerythrocytic parasites undergo sexual stage differentiation to become gametocytes. After ingestion by the mosquito, male and female gametocytes egress from erythrocytes and fertilize within the mosquito midgut. A complex signaling pathway likely responds to environmental events to trigger gametogenesis and regulate fertilization; however, such knowledge remains limited for malaria parasites. Several pseudokinases are highly transcribed at the gametocyte stage and are possible multi-functional regulators controlling critical steps of the life cycle. Here we characterized one pseudokinase, termed PypPK1, in Plasmodium yoelii that is highly expressed in schizonts and male gametocytes. Immunofluorescence assays for parasites expressing Myc-tagged PypPK1 confirmed that PypPK1 protein is expressed in schizonts and sexual stage parasites. Transgenic ΔpPK1 parasites, in which the PypPK1 gene locus was deleted by the CRISPR/Cas9 method, showed significant growth defect and reduced virulence in mice. In the blood stage, ΔpPK1 parasites were able to egress from erythrocytes similar to wild type parasites; however, erythrocyte invasion efficacy was significantly reduced. During sexual stage development, no clear changes were seen in male and female gametocytemias as well as gametocyte egress from erythrocytes; but, the number of exflagellation centers and oocysts were significantly reduced in ΔpPK1 parasites. Taken together, PypPK1 has an important role for both erythrocyte invasion and exflagellation center formation.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1237号 学位授与年月日:令和2年3月19日Author: Takahiro Ishizaki, Nattawat Chaiyawong, Hassan Hakimi, Masahito Asada, Mayumi Tachibana, Tomoko Ishino, Kazuhide Yahata, Osamu KanekoCitation: Parasitology International, 76, art.no.102056; 202
Counterturn-of-Faith and Manifest in Translation: Haruki Murakami’s Translation of Breakfast at Tiffany’s
Full text linkHaruki Murakami, a Japanese writer, is also a well-known translator in Japan. He has rendered several modern American novels into Japanese. His translations are very readable. However, they betray the reader in a sense because he tends to domesticate facts. Hence, the more faithfully he translates an original text, the more it contains local Japanese contexts. The translated novel is more inclined to represent Japanese society than American culture. This tendency becomes clear when Murakami’s rendition of Truman Capote’s Breakfast at Tiffany’s is compared to Naotarō Takiguchi’s version from the perspectives of translation style and methods. An examination of Murakami’s translation of Breakfast at Tiffany’s yields the discovery that rather than the 1940s New
York setting of the original text, Murakami’s Tiffany’s represents Japanese society, particularly the lifestyle of post-bubble economy Tokyo
Archaeological sites and Ceramics in the East Africa (II)
Full text linkIn 2019, the author surveyed the archaeological ruins in Tanzania and Kenya to research on ceramic trade between East Africa and Asia. In 9-10th centuries Chinese ceramics were imported to East Africa by the Indian Ocean trade. And with the
development of the Swahili cities, the ceramic trade flourished. A lot of Chinese porcelain such as celadon, white porcelain, blue and white were imported. The ceramic trade had continued under control of Portugal and Oman in 16-19th centuries, too. The author discusses on three themes showing ceramics found in archaeological ruins in East Africa. The first theme is on the origin of the pillar tombs and the second is on trade of Hizen porcelain in East Africa. And the third theme is on the spreading of Chinese porcelains under control of Oman in 18-19th centuries
An open-label continuation trial of tocilizumab for familial Mediterranean fever with colchicine ineffective or intolerance
No full textBackground:Colchicine is the first-line treatment for familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), but secondary amyloidosis resulting from persistent inflammation is a concern in patients with colchicine-resistant or colchicine-intolerant FMF. Although tocilizumab (TCZ), which is a recombinant, humanized, anti-human interleukin 6 receptor monoclonal antibody, has been reported to prevent FMF attacks, the long-term safety and efficacy of TCZ on individuals with colchicine-resistant or colchicine-intolerant FMF have not been evaluated.Methods/design:In this investigator-initiated, multicenter, open-label trial, the long-term safety of TCZ will be evaluated in patients participating in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial on colchicine-resistant or colchicine-intolerant FMF. The study will be conducted in 9 centers in Japan. After the evaluation and examination for 24 weeks in the preceding study, this trial will be started promptly. The trial will be completed by the time the drug is approved for FMF treatment in Japan. The primary endpoint is the incidence of adverse events, and the secondary endpoints include the number of FMF attacks, number of occurrences of accompanying symptoms during attacks, serum C-reactive protein and amyloid A levels, general evaluation by a physician (100mm visual analog scale [VAS]), general evaluation by a patient (100mm VAS), and body temperature.Discussion:The study is expected to obtain evidence regarding the long-term safety of TCZ as a potential new therapeutic agent for patients with colchicine-resistant or colchicine-intolerant FMF.Trial registration:This study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr-e/ctr-view.cgi?recptno=R000037116) as UMIN000032557 on May 30 2018
The preoperative thyroid function and perioperative course in patients with Graves' disease
Full text linkGraves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that induces increase in thyroid hormone production and release. Although euthyroid
should be desirable to ensure a safe operation, some patients still undergo thyroidectomy with hyperthyroidism. The aim
of this study was to evaluate our preoperative strategies in patients with Graves' disease. A total of 186 patients underwent thyroidectomy for Graves' disease between 2003 and 2017. We gave all of these patients potassium iodide (KI) in order to
decrease their thyroid hormone levels. We compared the clinical factors among three groups defined by the value of serum
free triiodothyronine (FT3) after the administration of KI: (1) the good control group (n=126) with ≤6.0 pg/mL, (2) the fair control group (n=35) with >6.0 but ≤10.0 pg/mL, and (3) the poor control group (n=25) with >10.0 pg/mL. KI decreased the serum
levels of thyroid hormone. However, some patients still had hyperthyroidism, and the subsequent administration of corticosteroid
reduced FT3 but not thyroxine. Regarding the intraoperative course, the heart rate at 1 h after beginning general anesthesia
was higher in the poor control group than in the good control group (p<0.05), and the proportion of patients given
adrenergic beta-blocker was higher in the poor control group than in the other groups (p<0.01 each). One patient in the fair
control group experienced suspected thyroid storm after total thyroidectomy. The occurrence rate of other deteriorations was
identical among the three groups. With preparative KI and corticosteroid administration, almost all patients with Graves' disease were able to undergo thyroidectomy safely
Coincidental detection of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the inner inguinal lymph node of a woman undergoing laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection for uterine endometrial cancer
Full text linkSimultaneous occurrence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and solid carcinomas, such as colon, lung, and breast cancers,is relatively rare. We report a case of coincidental detection of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the inner inguinal lymph node of a patient with uterine endometrial cancer FIGO stage IA. The patient was a 69-year-old woman and she visited a primary care doctor presenting with increased vaginal discharge. She was diagnosed as having uterine endometrial carcinoma. Laparoscopic hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic lymph node dissection were performed. The final pathologic examination revealed uterine endometrial carcinoma (endometrioid carcinoma grade 1) and DLBCL was detected in
the inner inguinal lymph node. No other malignant lymphoma legions were detected by positron emission tomography-computed
tomography (PET-CT). She was diagnosed as having uterine endometrial carcinoma FIGO stage IA (pT1apN0pM0) and malignant lymphoma stage I according to the Ann Arbor clinical staging system. She was treated with six cycles of chemotherapy comprising rituximab, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) for the malignant lymphoma. The patient remains in complete remission 8 months after completing chemotherapy
ポビドンヨードの局所応用は挿管患者の口腔内細菌の増殖を抑制する：ランダム化比較試験
No full textBackground: Topical 0.12% chlorhexidine has been used widely to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. However, it is not approved for mucosal application in Japan. The aims of this study were to investigate if topical povidone iodine (i) inhibits bacterial growth and (ii) disrupts the balance of the oral microbiota. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 23 patients who underwent mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. The patients were divided randomly into two groups: the intervention group (n = 16) and the control group (n = 7). All patients received oral cleaning with 3% hydrogen peroxide, followed by irrigation with tap water. The patients in the intervention group received 10% povidone iodine applied topically to the oral cavity. The concentration of total bacteria in the oropharyngeal fluid were determined before, immediately after, 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h after oral care using the Rapid Oral Bacteria Quantification System, which is based on dielectrophoresis and impedance measurements. The number of streptococci, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans before, immediately after, 1 h, and 3 h after oral care were estimated based on real-time polymerase chain reaction data. Results: After irrigation of the oral cavity, the number of bacteria decreased, but increased again at 1 h after oral care in the control group; however, in the intervention group, the concentration of bacteria was significantly lower than that in the control group at 1 hour (p = 0.009), 2 h (p = 0.001), and 3 h (p = 0.001) after oral care. The growth of all bacterial species tested was inhibited in the intervention group at 3 h after oral care, suggesting that povidone iodine did not disturb the balance of the oral microbiota. Conclusions: Topical application of povidone iodine after cleaning and irrigation of the oral cavity inhibited bacterial growth in the oropharyngeal fluid of patients on mechanical ventilation while not disrupting the balance of the oral microbiota.
Trial registration: University Hospitals Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), UMIN000028307. Registered 1 September 2017.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1225号 学位授与年月日:令和2年3月19日Author: Shoma Tsuda, Sakiko Soutome, Saki Hayashida, Madoka Funahara, Souichi Yanamoto & Masahiro UmedaCitation: BMC Oral Health, 20, art.no.62; 202
福島事故後の川内原子力発電所周辺に住む小中学校教員の放射線被ばくに関するリスク認知
No full textIn response to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster, the Nuclear Regulation Authority of Japan issued the new “Nuclear Emergency Response Guideline.” However, there is a perception that scientific information about the health impact of radiation exposure has not been adequately shared among the local government staffs, including schoolteachers. We contacted schoolteachers at all 120 schools within the Urgent Protective Action Planning Zone of the Sendai Nuclear Power Plant, Kagoshima prefecture, in 2017. We invited them to take part in a written survey to clarify their concerns and risk perceptions regarding the effects of radiation exposure on health. Five hundred and fifty schoolteachers' replies were included in the analysis. The results revealed that 355 schoolteachers had concerns about the health effects of radiation exposure due to working within the Urgent Protective Action Planning Zone. A logistic regression analysis revealed that sex (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.49–3.45, p < 0.001), age (OR = 3.39, 95% CI: 2.10–5.47, p < 0.001), reluctance to undergo a radiological examination at a hospital (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.23–2.88, p = 0.004), place of work (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.46–3.27, p < 0.001), and anxiety about having to address questions about radiation from students (OR = 4.66, 95% CI: 2.83–7.67, p < 0.001) were independently associated with schoolteachers' concerns about the health effects of radiation exposure due to working in the area around the nuclear power plant. Therefore, it is important to respond to these concerns in order to establish a meaningful education program for school children on radiation and its health effects.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1240号 学位授与年月日:令和2年3月19日Author: Hiroko Hori, Makiko Orita, Yasuyuki Taira, Takashi Kudo, Noboru TakamuraCitation: PLOS ONE, 14(3), e0212917; 201