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Development and Assessment of Scenario-based Learning Material for Flipped Classroom in “Special Subject Morality Education”
Get PDF「特別の教科道徳」が教科化され，「考え・議論する道徳」への転換が求められている．しかしながら，教育現場において，授業の中で「考え・議論する」時間を十分に確保できているとは言い難い．そこで，本研究では「特別の教科道徳」における反転授業用シナリオベース教材の開発を目的とした．さらに，小学２年生および，小学校教員を対象に，開発した反転授業用教材の有用性を評価した．その結果，本教材は小学２年生がひとりでも操作することができ，自宅で物語の内容を把握できることが示唆された．さらに，授業内の議論の充実に有用な反転授業用教材である可能性が示された．本論文は「九州地区国立大学教育系・文系研究論文集」Vol.6, No.1,2(2020/3）に査読を経て受理された
Porcine liver decomposition product-derived lysophospholipids promote microglial activation in vitro
Get PDFCognitive impairments such as dementia are common in later life, and have been suggested to occur via a range of mechanisms, including oxidative stress, age-related changes to cellular metabolism, and a loss of phospholipids (PLs) from neuronal membranes. PLs are a class of amphipathic lipids that form plasma membrane lipid bilayers, and that occur at high concentrations in neuronal membranes. Our previous study suggested that a porcine liver decomposition product (PLDP) produced via protease treatment may improve cognitive function at older ages, by acting as a rich source of PLs and lysophospholipids (LPLs); however, its specific composition remains unclear. Thus, the present study used a novel liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) protocol to identify the major PLs and LPLs in PLDP. Furthermore, it assessed the effect of identified LPLs on microglial activation in vitro, including cell shape, proliferation, and cell morphology. The results of the conducted analyses showed that PLDP and PLDP-derived LPLs concentration-dependently modulate microglial activation in vitro. In particular, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) concentration-dependently promotes cell morphology, likely via effects mediated by the enzyme autotaxin (ATX), since inhibiting ATX also promoted cell morphology, while conversely, increasing ATX production (via treatment with high levels of LPC) abolished this effect. These findings suggest that LPC is likely neuroprotective, and thus, support the importance of further research to assess its use as a therapeutic target to treat age-related cognitive impairments, including dementia
高齢女性における椎体の骨強度を規定する骨微細構造因子の検討：HR-pQCTによる全脊椎のex vivo解析
No full textPurpose: A vertebral fracture is the most common complication of osteoporosis, and various factors are involved in its occurrence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of trabecular and cortical bone microstructure on vertebral strength using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT).
Methods: Three female cadaveric spines were investigated (average age: 80.3 years). The whole spine (T1-L4) was scanned by second-generation HR-pQCT at a voxel size of 60.7 μm. Bone microstructure analysis and micro finite element analysis were performed after excluding the upper and lower endplates and posterior elements of a total of 48 vertebrae. Correlations between trabecular and cortical bone microstructure parameters and estimated vertebral strength were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression models. Results:
Cortical thickness (Ct.Th) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) were strongly correlated with estimated failure load on univariate analysis (r = 0.89, 0.82). Trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (Tb.vBMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), and Ct.Th were correlated with estimated failure load on multivariate regression analysis. Conclusions: It was suggested that, in addition to trabecular bone (Tb.vBMD, BV/TV, Tb.N), cortical bone (Ct.Th) contributed significantly to vertebral strength in elderly women.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1220号 学位授与年月日:令和2年3月19日Author: Shuta Yamada, Ko Chiba, Narihiro Okazaki, Makoto Era, Yuichiro Nishino, Kazuaki Yokota, Akihiko Yonekura, Masato Tomita, Toshiyuki Tsurumoto, Makoto OsakiCitation: Bone, 120, pp.459-464; 201
StAR関連脂質輸送ドメイン11(STARD11)媒介セラミド輸送は細胞外小胞合成に関与する
No full textExtracellular vesicles are important carriers of cellular materials and have critical roles in cell-to-cell communication in both health and disease. Ceramides are implicated in extracellular vesicle biogenesis, yet the cellular machinery that mediates the formation of ceramide-enriched extracellular vesicles remains unknown. We demonstrate here that the ceramide transport protein StAR-related lipid transfer domain 11 (STARD11) mediates the release of palmitate-stimulated extracellular vesicles having features consistent with exosomes. Using palmitate as a model of lipotoxic diseases and as a substrate for ceramide biosynthesis in human and murine liver cell lines and primary mouse hepatocytes, we found that STARD11-deficient cells release fewer extracellular vesicles. Moreover, STARD11 reciprocally regulated exosome ceramide enrichment and cellular ceramide depletion. We further observed that in STARD11 knockout cells intracellular ceramide accumulates and that this apparent inability to transfer cellular ceramide into extracellular vesicles reduces cellular viability. Using endogenous markers, we uncovered structural and functional colocalization of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), STARD11, and multivesicular bodies. This colocalization increased following palmitate treatment, suggesting a functional association that may mediate ceramide trafficking from the ER to the multivesicular body. However, the size and number of multivesicular bodies were comparable in WT and STARD11-knockout cells. In conclusion, we propose a model of how STARD11 mediates ceramide trafficking in palmitate-treated cells and stimulates exosome biogenesis.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1222号 学位授与年月日:令和2年3月19日Author: Masanori Fukushima, Debanjali Dasgupta, Amy S. Mauer, Eiji Kakazu, Kazuhiko Nakao and Harmeet MalhiCitation: The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 293(39), pp.15277-15289; 201
Mechanical Properties of Solder-Jointed Copper Rods with Electrodeposited Sn-Zn Alloy Films
Get PDFEnforced solid solution type Sn-Zn alloy films were electrochemically synthesized on Cu substrate from an aqueous solution containing citric acid complexes. The electrodeposition behavior of Sn-Zn alloys was classified to a normal co-deposition type, in which electrochemically nobler Sn
deposits preferentially compared to Zn. Electrodeposited Sn-Zn alloy films were composed of a non-equilibrium phase, like an enforced solid solution, which was not observed in an equilibrium phase diagram of an Sn-Zn binary alloy system. By applying a thermal annealing process at 150 C for 10 minutes, a pure Zn phase was precipitated from an electrodeposited Sn-based solid solution phase with excessively dissolved Zn atoms. During the soldering process, intermetallic phases such as Cu3Sn and Cu5Zn8 were formed at the interface between an Sn-Zn alloy and Cu substrate. Tensile
strength and fracture elongation of solder-jointed Cu rods with Sn-8 at.%Zn alloy films reached ca.40 MPa and 12%, respectively
骨格筋ミトコンドリアの質と生合成の制御におけるZmynd17とPGC1αの異なる役割
No full textMaintaining skeletal muscle mitochondrial quality is important not only for muscle activity but also for systemic metabolism. Exercise has long been recognized to have a positive impact on muscle mitochondrial quality. Although exercise triggers various changes in the mitochondrial dynamics, its molecular basis remains to be elucidated. We have previously reported that inactivation of the muscle-specific protein, zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 17 (Zmynd17), results in mitochondrial abnormalities. To investigate the link between Zmynd17 activity and exercise-induced mitochondrial maintenance, we observed the effect of consecutive exercise on the mitochondrial quality in Zmynd17-deficient muscles. Zmynd17-deficient mice displayed abnormal mitochondrial morphology in limb muscles, which remarkably improved upon voluntary exercise. Interestingly, morphological abnormalities in mitochondria were even more apparent when PGC1α, a regulator of exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis, was overexpressed in Zmynd17-KO limb muscle. These abnormalities were also ameliorated by voluntary exercise. Our results show that neither the effect of consecutive exercise on mitochondrial quality nor PGC1α-induced mitochondrial biogenesis are mediated through Zmynd17 activity, thereby suggesting the existence of a complex mechanism of mitochondrial quality control in muscles.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1201号 学位授与年月日:令和2年3月4日Author: Kiyoshi Yoshioka, Ryo Fujita, Daiki Seko, Takashi Suematsu, Shinji Miura and Yusuke OnoCitation: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 7, art.no.330; 201
Toluene-sensing Properties of Mixed-potential Type Yttria-stabilized Zirconia-based Gas Sensors Attached with Thin CeO2-added Au Electrodes
Get PDFToluene-sensing properties of mixed-potential type yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-based sensors attached with a thin CeO2-added Au sensing electrode (SE, CeCO2 content: 4-16 mass%, thickness: 30-100 nm), which was fabricated by using a spin-coating method, were examined and the effects of their SE thickness and the additive amount of CeO2 on their toluene response were discussed in this study. The toluene response of the sensors attached with a 16 mass% CeO2-added Au SE increased with an increase in the SE thickness, and the sensor attached with the thickest 16 mass% CeO2-added Au SE showed the largest response, among all the sensors tested. This behavior probably arises from the increase in the number of active sites for electrochemical toluene oxidation in the CeCO2-added Au SE
Insight into innate immune response in “Yusho”: The impact of natural killer cell and regulatory T cell on inflammatory prone diathesis of Yusho patients
No full textBackground: In 1968 in western Japan, polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated “Kanemi rice oil” was used in cooking, causing food poisoning in many people. More than 50 years have passed since the Yusho incident, and although inflammatory disorders such as suppuration have been observed in Yusho patients, the etiology of this inflammation susceptibility remains obscure. Objectives: To investigate the mechanisms of susceptibility to inflammation in Yusho patients, peripheral immune cell fractions and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in blood samples collected from both Yusho patients and age-matched healthy subjects undergoing medical examination in Nagasaki. Methods: To exclude diagnostic uncertainty, serum levels of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), polychlorinated quarterphenyl (PCQ), and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) were measured. Immune cell (e.g. natural killer and regulatory T cell) populations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Serum cytokines involved in immune cell activation were measured by ELISA. Results: The relative proportion of natural killer cells was higher in Yusho patients than in healthy subjects, while the proportion of regulatory T cells did not differ between groups. Serum concentrations of IL-36 and IFN-γ were significantly lower in Yusho patients than in healthy subjects. Conversely, serum cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), which is a cytokine related to activated NK cells, was higher in Yusho patients than in healthy subjects and was positively correlated with PCDF blood levels. Conclusion: Increased numbers of NK cells in Yusho patients suggests that the innate immune response has been activated in Yusho patients. The seemingly paradoxical results for CTLA-4 and IFN-γ may reflect counterbalancing mechanisms preventing excessive NK cell activation. This dysregulation of innate immunity might contribute to the inflammation observed in Yusho patients
Preliminary observation on Vietnamese immigrants in japan
Get PDFThis study is a preliminary observation on the Vietnamese immigrant communities in Japan, which have been increasing in recent years. In particular, the literature was reviewed for themes such as Vietnamese refugees support policy, Vietnamese religious practice, Catholic Vietnamese immigrant communities, multiculturalism and Catholic Church, technical interns and international students. As a result, it was confirmed that the future direction would be to investigate the ethnic network through Vietnamese immigrants in non-resident areas, immigration support and the perspective of Multicultural Society