32970 research outputs found
Sort by
Winter mortality of young mudskipper fish: Effects of size, temperature and energy depletion
No full textWinter mortality can be a strong selective pressure on animals living in temperate regions, especially for young and small individuals. Therefore, understanding the mechanism for its size-dependence is important to predict population dynamics of the species in a fluctuating environment. In this study, we experimentally investigated the effects of body size, temperature and energy reserve depletion on the overwinter mortality of young mudskipper fish (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris). Small size-class fish (<44 mm in SL) died earlier than large size-class fish (≥44 mm) under both heated and unheated temperature conditions. Relatively higher energy and lipid content in live compared to dead fish and suspended mortality during the warm period under unheated conditions suggested the effects of both energy depletion and low temperature on overwinter mortality. Small size-class fish showed a relatively higher energy depletion rate under both temperature conditions probably due to their higher mass-specific metabolic rate. Since small size-class fish died earlier than large size-class fish, the body size difference in energy depletion rate may be one of the factors affecting the size-dependence of overwinter mortality. The energy depletion rate gradually decreased with the progress of experiment, suggesting that fasting-induced metabolic depression occurred. The estimated relative lipid mass decreased with the progress of experiment. The lipid depletion rate with elapsed days significantly reduced in small size-class fish under unheated conditions comparing with large size-class fish, while the rate in large size-class fish was significantly larger than that of small size-class fish in heated conditions. The difference suggests the possibility that small size-class fish switches metabolic fuels at a relatively lower temperature condition to maintain a minimum activity level for unpredictable feeding opportunities during the pre-winter season
Experimental and analytical study on reinforcement effect of RC beam reinforced with PIC boards
Get PDFIn this study, bending shear tests were conducted on deteriorated reinforced concrete beams, and the reinforcement effects of polymer impregnated concrete (PIC) boards were examined.
As a result, it was confirmed that the shear load bearing capacity of damaged RC beams increased by reinforcing with PIC boards. Furthermore, the RC beam with the anchorage of the reinforcing bar deteriorated and the RC beam reinforced by the PIC board were analyzed using three-dimensional FEM analysis. The analytical and experimental results are in good agreement. In addition, by modeling RC beams with various damages and analyzing them, the load bearing characteristics of RC beams depending on the degree of damage and its type were illustrated
An observational report of universal GeneXpert testing of inpatients with diagnosed or presumptive TB in the Philippines
Get PDFBACKGROUND: The Philippines is a high TB and multidrug-resistant TB burden country. Although the scale-up of GeneXpert testing
is occurring, the benefits of universal Xpert-Mycobacterium tuberculosis/ rifampicin (MTB/RIF) testing in inpatients have not
been documented. METHODS: Routine GeneXpert testing irrespective of priority criteria for testing was conducted within
a prospective cohort of all adults with known or presumptive TB admitted to a tertiary infectious diseases hospital in Manila. Study-specific TB diagnosis was decided upon bacteriological results, chest x-ray assessment, if already on anti-TB treatment (ATT) at admission and a cough duration of ≥2 wk. RESULTS: Of submitted sputum samples, 87.1% (277/318) had valid acid-fast bacilli (AFB) microscopy and Xpert® MTB/RIF results. Xpert® MTB/RIF was positive in 97.7% (n = 87/89) of AFB-positive patients and 25.5% (n = 48/188) of AFB-negative patients. Bacteriological confirmation in smear negative cases not on ATT prior to admission was 25.2% (34/135). Rifampicin resistance was detected in 26/135 Xpert positive cases (19.3%), including nine
who might not otherwise have been detected, representing a 53% increase in yield. CONCLUSION: Universal GeneXpert testing
in this setting enhanced the yield of bacterial confirmation, revealing a high incidence of rifampicin resistance and suggesting a need for further investigations in Xpert-negative/smear-positive patients who may not have mycobacterial TB
Protocol registration issues of systematic review and meta-analysis studies: a survey of global researchers
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Although protocol registration of systematic reviews/meta-analysis (SR/MA) is still not mandatory, it is highly recommended that authors publish their SR/MA protocols prior to submitting their manuscripts for publication as recommended by the Cochrane guidelines for conducting SR/MAs. our aim was to assess the awareness, obstacles, and opinions of SR/MA authors about the protocol registration process. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey study
included the authors who published SR/MAs during the period from 2010 to 2016, and they were contacted for participation
in our survey study. They were identified through the literature search of SR/MAs in Scopus database. An online questionnaire was sent to each participant via e-mail after receiving their approval to join the study.
We have sent 6650 emails and received 275 responses. RESULTS: A total of 270 authors responses were complete and included
in the final analysis. Our results has shown that PROSPERO was the most common database used for protocol
registration (71.3%). The registration-to-acceptance time interval in PROSPERO was less than 1 month (99.1%). Almost half of the authors (44.2%) did not register their protocols prior to publishing their SR/MAs and according to their opinion that the other authors lack knowledge of protocol importance and mandance to be registered,
was the most commonly reported reason (44.9%). A significant percenatge of respondents (37.4%) believed that people would steal their ideas from protocol databases, while only 5.3% reported that their SR/MA had been stolen. However, the majority (72.9%) of participants have agreed that protocol registries play a role in preventing unnecessary duplication of reviews. Finally, 37.4% of participants agree that SR/MA protocol registration should be mandatory.CONCLUSION: About half of the participants believes that the main reason for not registering protocols,
is that the other authors lack knowledge concerning obligation and importance to register the SR/MA protocols in advance.
Therefore, tools should be available to mandate protocol registration of any SRs beforehand and increasing awareness
about the benefits of protocol registration among researchers
低カルボキシル化オステオカルシン高値で評価されるビタミンK不足は女性において骨量低下と関連する
No full text長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（医歯薬）甲第1269号 [学位授与年月日]令和2年9月2
防腐剤非含有および防腐剤含有ラタノプロスト点眼液投与後に生じる角膜障害とその後の回復
No full text長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（医歯薬）甲第1270号 [学位授与年月日]令和2年9月2
