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Policing Violence: Royal and Community Perspectives in Medieval France
No full textViolence is, and was, a destructive interpersonal act that occurs both on the large scale through wars, and small scale between two or several people. In medieval France, under the right circumstances, violence was simultaneously policed, and used to police society, especially at the interpersonal level. Men, women, the young, and old were all victims and perpetrators of violence. However, gender and age were significant factors in the legitimization of violence. Men would engage in interpersonal disputes in self-defense, to maintain their honour and reputation, as well as to maintain social order. Women were more likely to be the victims of sexual assault perpetrated by men, but the severity of their attacks was dependent on their age and sexual maturity. These distinctions illustrate that there were some women who were more valued in society than others, for example virgins were pure and had value for marriages.
It is the purpose of this thesis to demonstrate that there were legitimate and acceptable forms of violence that could be used to police society. While murder/homicide and sexual violence were deemed to be capital offences, among local communities, where dominant cultural norms superseded “the law”, violence was sometimes considered a productive social force. It could be used to reinforce social values and maintain power structures, especially patriarchy
Nature Teaches Us to Grieve: The place of parks and nature at end of life
Get PDFMore evidence is becoming known about how natural environments impact both our physical and spiritual well-being. Little is known, however, about the place of parks and nature at end-of-life, or the impact of parks and nature on quality of life during palliative care or bereavement experiences. A 2015 study aimed to develop a better understanding of people's (including those at end-of-life, caregivers and those experiencing grief) beliefs and experiences about the connection of parks and nature at end-of-life. The study combined an initial online survey (n=118) and narrative research process, whereby a subgroup of participants (n=15) were interviewed in an open-ended story-telling approach. Analysis focused on the meaning of people’s stories and narratives using concepts derived from ecopsychology theory concerned with nature connection, individual wellness and social/earth justice.
Over 80% believed that visiting a park or natural place is worth the risk involved and over 90% expressed that they personally would like to have end-of-life experiences in parks and nature. The narrative process uncovered three dominant themes: 1. Death brings people to parks and nature, 2. Nature teaches people to grieve, and 3. Parks and nature reveal death and life. Animal companions, observing the cycles of natural decay and renewal, and observations of nature as something bigger than death were emphasized. These discoveries will help develop the foundations for policy and practice within parks and health sectors that promote access and enjoyment of parks and nature for people during end-of-life experiences
Quiet Lampshade in the Corner?: Exploring Fourth Year Nursing Students' Narratives of Transition to Professional Practice
No full textRecruitment and retention issues continue to be prevalent in all domains of nursing practice. Nursing students’ transition into practice is an understudied area of this concern. This study specifically explored the question: How do fourth year nursing students make meaning of their transition to professional practice? Data was collected from twenty-two field note journals and seven face-to-face interviews emerging from a capstone nursing theory course focused on nursing leadership, relational ethics, complex healthcare contexts and responsive action. For the participants of this study, the meaning of transitioning to practice manifested as: developing complex identity awareness, mediating expectations in the struggle with uncertainty; and longing to belong in the midst of feeling alien. The paper provides recommendations for pedagogical practice and for capacity building to bridge the tensions of the competing discourses of transition to professional practice within complex health care setting
Functional Physical Literacy for Child and Youth Recreation Programming: A Community Response to the 2015 Canadian Recreation Framework
No full textThe recreation sector is perfectly suited to specifically address issues surrounding the desire to be physically active. This is because of recreation's connection to the community, the broad spectrum of its consumers and its ability to address the positive health outcomes of an active lifestyle as it relates to the physical, social, emotional and cognitive domains of wellbeing. To do so appropriately, a guiding framework is necessary; however, one does not currently exist for the recreation sector. As such, we are creating a multi-layered functional physical literacy (FPL) framework to suit the needs of recreation programmers, instructors and parents, to ensure the delivery of high quality programs that are developmentally appropriate. The FPL framework is intended to be a catalyst for any recreation service provider wanting to build an evidence-based physical activity (PA) program with a developmentally appropriate scope and sequence. The FPL framework will complement existing provincial education and sport curricula so that recreation programming supports what children learn in these areas. This recreation-centered contribution will maximize the reach of PL education for the purpose of increasing PA. The FPL framework will be designed for parents and recreation leaders who play a role in helping children and youth lead active lifestyles outside of school and organized sport settings
Dietary Intakes and Supplement Use in Pre-Adolescent and Adolescent Canadian Athletes
No full textYoung athletes experience numerous dietary challenges including growth, training/competition, unhealthy food environments, and travel. The objective was to determine nutrient intakes and supplement use in pre-adolescent and adolescent Canadian athletes. Athletes (n = 187) aged 11–18 years completed an on-line 24-h food recall and dietary supplement questionnaire. Median energy intake (interquartile range) varied from 2159 kcal/day (1717–2437) in 11–13 years old females to 2905 kcal/day (2291–3483) in 14–18 years old males. Carbohydrate and protein intakes were 8.1 (6.1–10.5); 2.4 (1.6–3.4) in males 11–13 years, 5.7 (4.5–7.9); 2.0 (1.4–2.6) in females 11–13 years, 5.3 (4.3–7.4); 2.0 (1.5–2.4) in males 14–18 y and 4.9 (4.4–6.2); 1.7 (1.3–2.0) in females 14–18 years g/kg of body weight respectively. Median vitamin D intakes were below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and potassium was below the adequate intake (AI) for all athlete groups. Females 14–18 years had intakes below the RDA for iron 91% (72–112), folate 89% (61–114) and calcium 84% (48–106). Multivitamin-multiminerals, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin-enriched water, protein powder, sport foods, fatty acids, probiotics, and plant extracts were popular supplements. Canadian pre-adolescent and adolescent athletes could improve their dietary intakes by focusing on food sources of calcium, vitamin D, potassium, iron, and folate. With the exceptions of vitamin D and carbohydrates during long exercise sessions, supplementation is generally unnecessary
SoTL^2: Inquiring into the Impact of Inquiry
Get PDFThis chapter briefly describes the SoTL research development program and context at Mount Royal University, reports initial results from a study of the program’s impact on participants’ teaching and scholarly activities, and situates the findings regarding individual impact, department-level impact, institution-level impact, and discipline-level impact within the current literature and the Canadian context described in this special issu
LIS Periodicals Contain a Low Percentage of Articles that Qualify as Research [Evidence Summary]
No full textA Review of:
Turcios, M. E., Agarwal, N. K., & Watkins, L. (2014). How much of library and information science literature qualifies as research? Journal of Academic Librarianship, 40(5), 473-479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2014.06.003
Objective – To determine how much of the literature in a library and information science (LIS) periodical collection qualifies as research.
Design – Content analysis.
Setting – The LIS periodicals collection of an academic library that supports an established LIS graduate program at a college in the United States of America.
Subjects – Of the 177 identified periodicals with LIS content that fell within project scope from the local collection, researchers analyzed 101 journals that include academic/scholarly content and an additional 4 journals with relevant trade content. This study excluded open access (OA) journals.
Methods – Using the most recent issue of each subject journal from the fiscal year 2012-2013, the authors performed a content analysis on all indexed content items, and then classified each content item as research or non-research. For content identified as research, researchers identified the research method (or methods) used. The data collection tool also captured identifying information and keywords for all content.
Main Results – Within the journals meeting the scope of this study, researchers identified 1,880 articles from 105 individual journal issues. Only 16% (n=307) of articles met the authors’ established definition to qualify as research. Within the subset of research articles, the authors further identified 45% (n=139) that used a single research method. An additional 36% (n=112) of identified research articles used two research methods and 15% (n=46) used three methods, with the remainder using four or more methods.
Surveys were the most frequently used research method, accounting for 49% (n=66) of the single method studies. The researchers discovered that surveys remained popular even in mixed-method studies, with 21% (n=117) of all identified research articles using surveys. This is closely followed by 20% (n=109) of studies reported as using the general category of “other” methods, for research that did not meet one of the predefined methods. The next two most popular identified methods were case studies at 13% (n=73), followed by content analyses at 13% (n=71). For the eight other research methods identified, none saw a frequency above 10%. Focus groups and usability studies tied for the least frequently used method among the 307 articles, both at 2% (n=9).
The keyword analysis focused on two categories, one for research article keywords and another for non-research article keywords, for all 1,880 articles identified. Non-research articles had less reliance on keywords, with authors reporting keywords appearing on 73% (n=1156). Within these, authors discovered 120 separate keywords used 10 or more times across non-research articles. The top ten keywords among non-research articles were reported as primarily related to books and publishing, with “non-fiction,” “adult,” and “libraries” as the top three. By comparison, research articles heavily favour the use of keywords, with 94% (n=290) of research articles having keywords. Analysis of the individual keywords found 56 keywords appearing 10 or more times across research articles. The top ten keywords are primarily practice related, with “information,” “libraries,” and “library” being the top three. When comparing shared keywords across both categories, the same top three keywords reported for research in the previous sentence apply to the collective set.
Conclusion – The authors note that the nature and size of the local collection both benefited and limited this study. Compiling and maintaining a comprehensive list of LIS periodicals is a challenging task across a large body of potential sources. Within the resulting periodicals studied, a mere 16% of analyzed LIS literature met the criteria to qualify as research, and that only after the study had eliminated virtually all trade periodicals from the population. Had that trade literature been included, the percentage qualifying as research would have been even lower. The popularity of surveys as a research method among LIS research reflects other recent findings, though the frequency of studies falling into the general “other” category suggests that LIS research is changing. Based on this research, the authors conclude that there is still much to be learned from content analysis of literature published in LIS periodicals. Future analyses could further examine the frequency of research methods used within LIS research
A novel incremental slide board test for speed skaters: reliability analysis and comparisons with a cycling test
No full textObjectives: This study intended to assess the test-retest reliability of an incremental test performed on a slide board (SB) and compare it with a cycling protocol to determine aerobic indexes in skaters.
Design: Descriptive validity study. Method: Ten recreational inline skaters (eight male and two female) were tested. Participants performed two incremental tests on SB and a cycling incremental test. The intensity of SB test was determined by cadence, starting at 30 push-offs/min and increasing by three push-offs/min each minute, until volitional exhaustion. Maximal and submaximal (related to the heart rate deflection point; HRDP) values of oxygen uptake (VO 2 ), pulmonary ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange (RER), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived effort (RPE) were measured. The maximal cadence (CADmax) and blood lactate concentration ([Lac]max) were also obtained. Results: No significant differences between test-retest on SB were found for all variables. High relative (ICC > 0.9) and absolute reliability
(typical error of measure as CV TEM < 3.5%) were found for VO 2 max, HRmax, [Lac]max, CADmax, VO 2HRDP , CAD HRDP , and RPE HRDP . In comparison to SB test, the [Lac]max was significantly higher during cycling and RPE HRDP was lower. VO 2 max, HRmax, CADmax, VO 2HRDP and CAD HRDP were large correlated between cycling and SB (r > 0.8). Conclusions: These findings suggest that SB test is reliable and may be used to evaluate aerobic index of skaters. Exercise prescription from indices obtained from cycling or running treadmill incremental tests does not seem suitable for speed skaters. However, the specificity of laboratory skating assessments remains to be established