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Protection of Voice under Intellectual Property Law -Legal Challenges in the Era of AI Voice Synthesis-
No full text本稿は，音声合成技術の発展に伴う声の法的保護について，知的財産法の観点から検討を行うものである。コンテンツ提供型やパーソナライズド音声生成型など多様化する音声ビジネスの現状を踏まえ，各領域における法的課題を整理した。声は発話者の年齢，性別，健康状態等の一般情報と個人同定情報を含む複合的な特性を持ち，声紋鑑定や話者認識技術により個人の識別情報として機能する。現行の知的財産法における声の保護は，各法領域においてパッチワーク的な保護にとどまっており，特に生成AI 時代における保護の在り方が課題となっている。著作権法による保護については，実演やレコードに関する著作隣接権を中心に検討し，特に生成AIとの関係では，物理的連鎖の判断や本来的効用の享受といった従来の基準の適用において課題が存在することを明らかにした。パブリシティ権による保護については，ピンク・レディー事件最高裁判決で示された三類型の判断枠組みを基に，声の特殊性や類似性判断の問題，AI カバーの法的課題を論じた。不正競争防止法については，商品等主体混同行為や品質等誤認表示行為の規制における保護の限界を指摘した。これらの検討を通じて，現行の知的財産法による保護が有名人等の声の商業的価値の保護にとって不十分である可能性を指摘しつつ，無断利用による声に由来する価値ある情報生産のインセンティブ低下があるとすれば，それへの対応として，判例法の発展あるいは立法措置の必要性を示唆した。ただし，新たな規制を設ける場合には，表現の自由や新技術を活用したビジネスの発展との適切なバランスの確保が重要である。https://www.inpit.go.jp/jinzai/study/No79.htmljournal articl
Determination of geochemical parameters that control the spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements released from excavated shale at a temporary storage pit
No full textLarge quantities of rocks naturally containing potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are generally excavated from urbanized and mountainous areas for construction purposes and are subjected to treatments (e.g., chemical immobilization) so that they can be re-used. To design such treatments, it is imperative to determine the total PTE amounts released from the excavated rocks and consider their spatial distribution. Within this context, the present study aimed to clarify (i) the spatial distribution of PTE contents released from 100m³ of excavated shale deposited in a temporary storage pit, and (ii) the geochemical parameters that control such distribution. A total of 50 shale samples were collected from a temporary storage pit of rocks. These samples were subjected to the analysis for the determination of the released and total PTE amounts, and other chemical properties. No linear relationship was detected between the released and total PTE amounts. An error of ± 30% was estimated based on a sample of 10 rocks. The geochemical parameters controlling the PTE contents released from the excavated shale differed depending on PTE types. The release of arsenic and selenium was mainly controlled by the amount of amorphous iron, while that of lead and chromium was controlled by the amount of inorganic colloidal particles with size under 0.45-μm. This study suggested that the preparation of 10 mixed rock samples collected from temporary storage pits leads to an estimation of released PTE amounts with a 30% error. In addition, the actual PTE amount released from excavated rocks containing high and low amounts of amorphous iron and inorganic colloidal particles, respectively, would differ little from the estimated amounts.journal articl
Balance sheet ability of acquired goodwill -To meet the recognition criteria-
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Mechanisms for maximizing ratoon tiller development in ratoon rice cultivation
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Non-Magnetic doping effects on magnetic properties of High-Temperature multiferroic compounds YBaCu₁-xZnxFeO₅ and YBaCuFe₁-yGayFeO₅
No full textThis study examines the effects of non-magnetic impurities at different magnetic sites on the magnetic properties of the ordered oxygen-deficient perovskite YBaCuFeO₅, which exhibits multiferroic behavior above room temperature. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed on polycrystalline samples of YBaCuFe₁-yGayO₅ with Ga³⁺ (spin S = 0) doping at Fe³⁺ (S = 5/2) sites and YBaCu1-xZnxFeO₅ with Zn²⁺ (S = 0) doping at Cu²⁺ (S = 1/2) sites. Magnetic susceptibility (χ)–temperature (T) curves for both doped systems below 50 K did not demonstrate Curie-like behavior indicative of a paramagnetic component, suggesting that free-end spins were not induced by long-range interactions in the systems. From the peak temperatures of the χ–T curves, the doping concentration dependence of the magnetic transition temperatures Tɴ₁ and Tɴ₂ was determined. For YBaCuFe₁- yGayO₅, both Tɴ₁ and Tɴ₂ decrease linearly with increasing y. In contrast, for YBaCu₁-xZnxFeO₅, Tɴ₁ decreases while Tɴ₂ increases with increasing x , with Tɴ₂ reaching a maximum value at 349 K at x = 0.09. Although the atomic arrangement of Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions is randomly distributed within（Cu, Fe）O₅ oxygen pyramids, these results indicate that Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions play distinct roles in determining the magnetic properties. Based on these experimental findings, a discussion is provided on the physics of non-magnetic impurity effects to different magnetic ions for the high-temperature multiferroic compound YBaCuFeO₅.journal articl
The Evolution of Vietnam’s Poverty Reduction Policies since 1990s
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Diversity and Innovation in Japanese Companies -A systematic review-
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KAWAJI Toshiyoshi’s Visit to Europe in 1872 to Survey the Police System
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