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Act on Securing Quality，Efficacy and Safety of Products Including Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices and Medical AI（2・END） -How should law and medical AI interact？-
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A Study of Sentences in Novels that Utilize the Perceptions of the Characters in the Story
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Legislative Council Commercial Sectional Meeting and 1974 Commercial Law Revision（47-3）
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Development of Z-Scheme Photocatalyst Systems Combining Nonmetal Oxide Materials for Water Splitting under Visible Light Irradiation -（CuGa）₀.₅ZnS₂ as a H₂-Evolving Photocatalyst and TaON as an O₂-Evolving Photocatalyst-
Get PDFWater splitting under visible light irradiation using a Z-scheme system combining nonmetal oxides of TaON and（CuGa）0.5ZnS2 is demonstrated．The key factors lie in coloading with Ir and CoOx cocatalysts on TaON and using reduced graphene oxide（RGO）as a solid-state electron mediator．Ir is loaded by an impregnation method，while CoOx is loaded by either impregnation or photodeposition methods．Loaded Ir boosts the electron migration from TaON to RGO，and loaded CoOx works as an active site for O2 evolution．Photocatalytic reduction of graphene oxide to RGO accompanied by simultaneous oxidation of Co2þ ions to CoOx over Ir-loaded TaON is the optimum process for the formation of an RGO-（CoOx/Ir/TaON）composite．This is an open access article under the terms
of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use,
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Macroeconomic and fiscal implications of changes in the labor share under population aging in Japan
No full textThis study examines how declining labor share affects macroeconomic outcomes and fiscal sustainability in Japan —the country with the most advanced population aging globally. While previous research has documented the global trend of declining labor share,its implications for fiscal policy in aging societies remain underexplored. Using a life-cycle general equilibrium model in the Auerbach-Kotlikoff tradition, we calibrate parameters to match Japan’s economic and demographic characteristics, incorporating country-specific institutions such as public pension, health insurance, and long-term care systems. Our analysis reveals that when capital share increases by 3 percentage points between 2025-2060, it generates fiscal relief equivalent to approximately 3 percentage points in consumption tax by 2070 through enhanced capital accumulation. More significantly, this declining labor share amplifies the efficacy of pension reforms, potentially yielding savings equivalent to over 12 percentage points in consumption tax. Our findings suggest that declining labor share, when coupled with appropriate policy reforms,may benefit fiscal sustainability in rapidly aging societies with high public debt.This article is the accepted version of "The Journal of the Economics of Ageing".journal articl
