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Nursing advocacy and activism: A critical analysis of regulatory documents.
Get PDFBackground: Advocacy and activism are dynamic terms representing a spectrum of political action, aiming to achieve social or political change. The extent to which nursing advocacy and activism are legitimate nursing roles has been debated for around 50 years. Nursing regulatory documents, such as codes of conduct and professional standards, may provide direction to nurses on how they should act in the context of advocacy and activism.
Aim: To explore what regulatory documents say about advocacy and activism, either explicitly or implicitly, and how they shape advocacy and activism.
Research design: We used a Reflexive Qualitative Document Analysis approach with a Critical Feminist lens to analyse contemporary nursing regulatory documents from the USA, UK and Australia.
Ethical considerations: This article has no human participants, and informed consent was not required.
Findings: We identified eight nursing regulatory documents from the American Nurses Association, Nursing and Midwifery Council and Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. We constructed two major themes that reveal how nursing advocacy and activism are conceived and shaped in regulatory documents. Theme 1, Ideological arena describes the gendered and neoliberal subtexts influencing advocacy and activism. Theme 2, A five-pointed star, describes the shape of advocacy and activism in the regulatory documents.
Conclusions: Regulatory documents from the USA, UK and Australia support diplomatic nursing advocacy and activism for people, equity, ourselves (nurses), the profession and systems change. However, more oppositional and disruptive advocacy and activism are potentially constrained by gendered and neoliberal subtexts that depoliticise nurses’ roles
Investigating the role of adversity and benevolence beliefs in predicting prosociality.
Get PDFBackground: Does experiencing adversity engender kindness, and if so, for whom? Two studies tested the hypothesis that adversity predicts increased pro-social outcomes, and that this relationship is strongest for individuals who view others as good and trustworthy, or benevolent. Method: In Study 1, a cross-sectional survey design was utilized, and in Study 2 a longitudinal survey was conducted. Results: In Study 1 (N = 359), the number of lifetime adverse life events was associated with increased volunteering, empathic concern, and self-reported altruism. The association of adversity and altruism was stronger for those with greater benevolence beliefs. In Study 2 (N = 1157), benevolence beliefs were assessed, and in subsequent years, adverse life events were reported. The number of past-year adverse life events predicted more volunteering and charitable involvement, but only among people with high benevolence beliefs. Conclusion: Exposure to adversity may be associated with increased pro-social behavior among those with higher benevolence beliefs. In part, this could be due to benevolence beliefs increasing the expectation that one's efforts will be appreciated and reciprocated
The Dumbed Down Discourse Dilemma
Get PDFSome critics worry that the average quality of public discourse in liberal democracies is deplorably low. An example of this is that superficial media content enjoys a much broader audience than highly informative content. States can take various measures to improve the quality of public discourse. For example, states can implement strong incentives for private outlets to produce content of high quality. Should states implement such measures? This article argues that answers to this question face a dilemma. Accepting the existence of a dumbed-down discourse is difficult because of several negative consequences that dumbed-down discourses create. Improving the quality of public discourse is problematic because some of the most promising interventions to improve discourse quality cannot be justified in ways that are compatible with liberal neutrality. The article assesses two possible solutions to the dilemma and finds both of them wanting
Traite de droit administratif transnational
No full textCe Traité de Droit administratif transnational constitue un ouvrage inédit tant par son objet que par son approche. Le Droit administratif transnational est en effet un objet d’étude relativement récent, dont l’existence s’inscrit dans les rapports de systèmes aministratifs inter-étatiques et infra-étatiques. Il vient questionner une approche exclusivement territoirialisée du droit administratif, dont les cadres d’existence ont été renouvelés, notamment sous l’influence de la construction européenne, même si son développement n’est pas limité à ce cadre. L’ouvrage offre une étude systématique du droit administratif transnational, analysant la notion de transnationalité adminsitrative, ses principes, ses insturments, ses acteurs, et les enjeux de son contrôle. Cette étude est enrichie par des analyses sectorielles, ainsi que par des études de cas confortant la dimension empirique de l’analyse. L’ouvrage réunit ainsi les contributions d’universitaires spécialistes de droit administratif et/ou de droit européen
PRECIOUS: Approximate Real-Time Computing in MLC-MRAM based Heterogeneous CMPs
Get PDFEnhancing quality of service (QoS) in approximate-computing (AC) based real-time systems, without violating power limits is becoming increasingly challenging due to contradictory constraints, i.e., power consumption and time criticality, as multicore computing platforms are becoming heterogeneous. To fulfill these constraints and optimise system QoS, AC tasks should be judiciously mapped on such platforms. However, prior approaches rarely considered the problem of AC task deployment on heterogeneous platforms. Moreover, the majority of prior approaches typically neglect the runtime architectural phenomena, which can be accounted for along with the approximation tolerance of the applications to enhance the QoS. We present PRECIOUS, a novel hybrid offline-online approach that first schedules AC real-time tasks on a heterogeneous multicore with an objective to maximise QoS and determines the appropriate cluster for each task constrained by a system-wide power limit, deadline, and task-dependency. At runtime, PRECIOUS introduces novel architectural techniques for the AC tasks, where tasks are executed on a heterogeneous platform equipped with multilevel-cell (MLC)-MRAM based last-level cache to improve energy efficiency and performance by prudentially leveraging storage density of MLC-MRAM while ameliorating associated high write latency and write energy. Our novel block management for the MLC-MRAM cache further improves performance of the system, which we exploit opportunistically to enhance system QoS, and turn off processor cores during the dynamically generated slacks. PRECIOUS-Offline achieves up to 76% QoS for a specific task-set, surpassing prior art, whereas PRECIOUS-Online enhances QoS by 9.0% by reducing cache miss-rate by 19% on a 64-core heterogeneous system without incurring any energy overhead over a conventional MRAM based cache design
The ECOLANG Multimodal Corpus of adult-child and adult-adult Language
Get PDFCommunication comprises a wealth of multimodal signals (e.g., gestures, eye gaze, intonation) in addition to speech and there is a growing interest in the study of multimodal language by psychologists, linguists, neuroscientists and computer scientists. The ECOLANG corpus provides audiovisual recordings and ELAN annotations of multimodal behaviours (speech transcription, gesture, object manipulation, and eye gaze) by British and American English-speaking adults engaged in semi-naturalistic conversation with their child (N = 38, children 3-4 years old, face-blurred) or a familiar adult (N = 31). Speakers were asked to talk about objects to their interlocutors. We further manipulated whether the objects were familiar or novel to the interlocutor and whether the objects could be seen and manipulated (present or absent) during the conversation. These conditions reflect common interaction scenarios in real-world communication. Thus, ECOLANG provides ecologically-valid data about the distribution and co-occurrence of multimodal signals across these conditions for cognitive scientists and neuroscientists interested in addressing questions concerning real-world language acquisition, production and comprehension, and for computer scientists to develop multimodal language models and more human-like artificial agents
Wage stagnation in leisure and hospitality during the cost-of-living crisis: The role of labor segmentation, cost burden, and structural constraints
Get PDFThe leisure and hospitality (L&H) industry, comprising the arts, entertainment, and recreation sector and the accommodation and food services sector, faces persistent workforce sustainability challenges, including poor working conditions, high turnover, and low wages. To advance L&H workforce sustainability, this study examines how the cost-of-living crisis affects wage vulnerability in this sector through the lens of the Labor Market Segmentation Theory (LMST). Using a panel dataset of U.S. industry-level statistics (2015–2024) using the Difference-in-Differences (DID) approach, we find that L&H wages fell significantly behind other sectors post-2022, widening the annual wage gap by $5,976. Results reveal a structural pass-through of operational cost burdens onto employees, compounded by constraints such as a younger workforce, a high proportion of nonsupervisory roles, and low certification rates, reinforcing the sector’s intensified vulnerability under macroeconomic shocks
Cultivating wellbeing: a mixed methods exploration of the impact of a nature-based intervention for mental wellbeing, from the perspectives of service users, staff and social prescribers
Get PDFAims: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a nature-based intervention (NBI), Together We Grow (TWG), in enhancing psychological wellbeing and quality of life among participants. It seeks to understand the experience of participation through both measurable outcomes and personal accounts. Introduction: This study aims to explore the perceptions of participants, social prescribers, and staff regarding the barriers and opportunities associated with Nature-Based Interventions (NBIs). Using a mixed-methods design that combines quantitative outcomes with qualitative insights, the study investigates the impact of NBIs on individuals receiving primary or secondary mental health care services. Methodology: A convergent mixed methods design was adopted. Quantitative data were collected using pre- and post-intervention surveys, which included validated measures of psychological wellbeing (PHQ-9, GAD-7, SWEMWBS, and UCLA Loneliness Scale) and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF). Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with participants and staff. 12 service user participants were recruited, of whom 9 completed both pre- and post-test measures and a semi-structured interview. Quantitative data were analysed using paired t-tests and descriptive statistics, while reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) was employed for qualitative data. Results: Quantitative findings indicated statistically significant improvements in overall anxiety, loneliness, and wellbeing scores following at least 12 weeks of participation at TWG. Qualitative analysis revealed key themes including “Reclaiming Health”, “Finding Calm”, “Temporal Integration”, Building Self Agency and “Belonging”. Participants described NBIs as accessible, restorative, and meaningful, particularly in the context of stress and isolation. Discussion: Findings suggest that NBIs can positively influence wellbeing by offering psychosocial benefits. The mixed methods approach highlighted how measurable changes in wellbeing are enriched by understanding personal narratives and contextual factors. Implications include the need for broader integration of NBIs in health and social care
Income inequality and social trust
Get PDFWe study how economic inequality affects social trust. We test this relationship both using correlational evidence from a large social survey of British youth as well as novel causal evidence from a series of online experiments. We find causal evidence that higher inequality has a negative impact on social trust. By contrast, a high relative position leads to higher social trust in both samples. In times where inequality is on the rise these findings are cause for concern