2045 research outputs found
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Sustainability of engineered rivers in arid lands
No full textThe water question emerged on the international agenda in the Euphrates–Tigris (ET) basin when the three riparian nations, namely Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, initiated major water and land resources development projects in the late 1960s. The political linkages established between transboundary water issues and nonriparian security issues also exacerbated the disagreements over water sharing and allocation. In 1987 and 1990, two bilateral Euphrates water sharing protocols were negotiated. They are acknowledged by all riparian states as being interim agreements. However, these bilateral accords failed to include basic components of sustainable water resources management, namely water quality management, environmental protection, and stakeholder engagement. In the early 1980s, the Euphrates–Tigris basin countries created an institutional framework, namely the Joint Technical Committee. However, they did not empower the committee with a clear and jointly agreed mandate. Instead, the riparian countries continued unilateral and uncoordinated water and land development ventures. Impacts of climate change add to the already complex list of management shortcomings. The basin is one of the most affected regions. The findings of science project significant decreases in the Tigris and Euphrates flows. Examining the water–food–energy nexus in the ET basin is important because there are serious pressures on the river system due to population growth, agricultural practices, hydropower development, and ecosystem mismanagement. We recommend that transboundary institutions should apply the nexus approach, which helps to identify key development drivers as well as to unpack and clarify the development challenges and necessary tradeoffs in the basin. Sustainability of water resources requires stability, cooperation, and peace. The sub-state level conflicts and illegal control of water resources and water infrastructure in the basin deprive people of access to sufficient clean water, energy, and food resources in Syria and Iraq. The prerequisites for establishing or restoring sustainability in a river basin include stability as well as establishing participatory, transparent, inclusive, and accountable governance structures
Exact construction of BS-assisted MSCR codes with link constraints
No full textIt is clear that 5G network resources would be consumed by heavy data traffic owing to increased mobility, slicing, and layered/distributed storage system architecture. The problem is elevated when multiple node failures are repaired to address service quality requirements. Typical approaches include individual or cooperative data regeneration to efficiently utilize the available bandwidth. It is observed that storage systems of 5G and beyond technologies shall have a multi–layer architecture in which base stations (BS) would be present. Moreover, communication with each layer would be subject to various communication costs and link constraints. Under limited BS assistance and cooperation, the trade-off between storage per node and communication bandwidth has been established. In this trade–off, two operating points, namely minimum storage, and bandwidth regeneration are particularly important. In this study, we first identify the optimal number of BS use at the minimum storage regeneration point. An explicit code construction is provided subsequently for the exact minimum storage regeneration whereby each layer may help the repair process subject to a communication link constraint.WOS:0007542461000052-s2.0-85124797826Science Citation Index ExpandedArticleUluslararası işbirliği ile yapılmayan - HAYIRMartYÖK - 2021-22Kası
Stancetaking in spoken ELF discourse in academic settings: Interpersonal functions of i don’t know as a face-maintaining strategy
No full textOur study examines interpersonal functions enacted through a stance marker in spoken ELF academic discourse. We specifically focus on investigating the functions of I don’t know in an academic speech event by embracing an interpersonal pragmatics and sociolinguistics perspective to figure out how it contributes to the act of stancetaking as an intersubjective activity. We have examined 14 interactions of doctoral defense discussions from the ELFA corpus. Our detailed discourse analysis of these doctoral defense discussions has revealed five distinctive interpersonal functions of the stance marker I don’t know allowing speakers to construct their stance and adopt a face-maintaining strategy in the ongoing spoken discourse: prefacing a suggestion, seeking acceptance, hedging/mitigating, checking agreement, and expressing uncertainty. Considering the highly-context dependent and context-regenerated functions of I don’t know, our study attempts to delve into the relational and interpersonal aspect of communication, and thus contributes to research in this strand by disclosing the interpersonal functions of stancetaking as an intersubjective activity with a particular focus on ELF academic discourse.WOS:0006412031000252-s2.0-851048575941112619Emerging Sources Citation IndexArticleUluslararası işbirliği ile yapılmayan - HAYIRMartYÖK - 2020-2
Makine öğrenmesi ile kredi kartı dolandırıcılığının tespiti
No full textThis project aims to find the most efficient machine learning models to detect fraudulent transactions on credit cards. The dataset used for this project consists of credit card transactions made by European cardholders in September 2013. This dataset presents transactions that have occurred in two days, where there are 492 frauds out of 284,807 transactions. Machine learning methods, such as decision trees, logistic regression and random forest classifier are used to predict the fraudulent transactions. Performance of these machine learning models are compared to achieve the highest accuracy. According to the results, it is found that the random forest classifier is the most effective model, and the SMOTE technique used to overcome the data imbalance performs better than the under-sampling technique. It is also observed that the models employed with the under-sampled data misclassify large number of non-fraud transactions as fraud. Lastly, by means of the random forest with the over-sampling technique (SMOTE), it is observed that the feature “V13” has the most important role in detecting fraud
Prioritization of public services for digitalization using fuzzy Z-AHP and fuzzy Z-WASPAS
No full textIn this paper, public services are analyzed for implementations of Industry 4.0 tools to satisfy citizen expectations. To be able to prioritize public services for digitalization, fuzzy Z-AHP and fuzzy Z-WASPAS are used in the analysis. The decision criteria are determined as reduced cost, fast response, ease of accessibility, reduced service times, increase in the available information and increased quality. After obtaining criteria weights using fuzzy Z-AHP, health care services, waste disposal department, public transportation, information services, social care services, and citizen complaints resolution centers are compared using fuzzy Z-WASPAS that is proposed for the first time in this paper. Results show that health care services have dominant importance for the digitalization among public services.WOS:0006044825000022-s2.0-85109455944Science Citation Index ExpandedArticle; Early AccessUluslararası işbirliği ile yapılmayan - HAYIROcakYÖK - 2020-2
Transfer of Property as Security: Retention of Title and Fiduciary Transfer of Property
No full textMülkiyeti saklı tutma anlaşması ve mülkiyetin teminat amacıyla inançlı devri, İsviçre’de sıklıkla başvurulan, buna karşılık Türkiye’de uygulamalarına -yer yer- mesafeyle yaklaşılan iki farklı ayni teminat türüdür.Retention of title and fiduciary transfer of property are two different types of security used often in Switzerland whereas -to some extent- rarely in Turkey.Nisa
Borçluların ve alacaklıların çokluğu
No full textHukukun uluslararası alanda birleştirilmesi (unification), ulusal hukukların yakınlaştırılması veya denkleştirilmesi (rapprochement) ya da hukuk düzenlerinin uyumlaştırılması (harmonization) amacıyla, uluslararası kuruluşlar (BM, Avrupa Konseyi, WIPO vb.) tarafından genellikle uluslararası sözleşmeler (international convention) yapılması veya model kanunlar (model laws) hazırlanması yöntemlerine başvurulmaktadır. Ancak uluslararası deneyimler ortaya koymaktadır ki, bu yöntemler başarılı olmamakta; sözleşmelerin hazırlanması veya model kanunların oluşturulmasındaki coşku ve heyecan, bu belgelerin kabul ve onaylanma aşamalarında gücünü yitirmekte; üye devletlerin çeşitli siyasal ya da sosyal olaylarla uğraşmak zorunda kalmaları birleştirme, denkleştirme veya uyumlaştırma etkinliklerini engellemektedir. Bu nedenledir ki, söz konusu amaçlara varılabilmesi için yasa çıkarma ya da hukuk kuralları koyma yöntemleri yerine, birleştirilmiş veya uyumlaştırılmış hukuk normlarını içeren belgeler veya derlemeler oluşturulmasının amaca daha uygun olacağı tavsiye edilmektedir. İşte "Uluslararası Ticari Sözleşmelere ilişkin Unidroit İlkeleri" bu yaklaşımın tipik ve en başarılı örneklerinden biridir. "Unidroit İlkeleri"nin Türkçe çevirisi, "2010 İlkeleri"nin çevirisi olarak başlamış; ancak çeşitli nedenlerle çeviri süresi uzamıştır. Bu arada "2016 İlkeleri" de yayınlanmış bulunduğundan, Türkçe çeviri "2016 metni" esas alınarak tamamlanmıştır. Prof. Dr. Ergun Özsunay'ın Çeviri Sunumu'ndanAralı
İsviçre federal mahkemesi’nin sözlü vasiyetnameye ilişkin bir kararı (tf 5a_236/2017, atf 143 III 640) üzerine kısa bir değerlendirme
No full textOlağanüstü nitelikteki sözlü vasiyetname TMK m.539-541 (İsvMK m.506-508) arasında düzenlemesi olan -şekli anlamda- bir ölüme bağlı tasarruf türüdür. Sözlü vasiyetnameye, olası kötüye kullanımları önlemek amacıyla, sadece olağanüstü şartlar-da ve istisnai olarak başvurulabilir. Son derece istisnai özellik taşısa da bu kurumun ana maksadı bellidir, özel ve istisnai durumlarda dahi, ölüme bağlı tasarrufta bulunan son dileklerini açıklayabilmesini ve bu açıklamalara sonuç bağlanabilmesini sağlamak. İsviçre Federal Mahkemesi 2017 yılında verdiği 5A_236/2017 sayılı kararında sözlü vasiyetnameye ilişkin ilginç bir olayı inceleme merceğine almıştır. İşbu çalışmamız, belirtilen kararda ele alınan hususlar ve varılan sonuçlar ışığında, sözlü vasiyetnameye ilişkin değerlendirmeler yapılmasını amaçlamaktadır.507427Nisa
Kredi kartı batık tahmini
No full textAs profitable customer acquisition becomes more and more critical for the banking sector in terms of competition, the requirement to predict customer defaults with different machine learning algorithms is increasing. Thanks to similar practices, possible damages can be prevented. Due to the rapid change of machine learning with the changing technology, the fields of application and development in different sectors are also changing and developing rapidly. In this study, the aim is to make a comparison over model outcomes and making observations on outcomes to determine the areas that can be developed or researched with running different supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms on the final dataset gathered by doing following methods such as key points discovered in exploratory data analysis on an imbalanced credit card dataset, generating different features according to learned key points, eliminating imbalance with different oversampling and undersampling methods
Avrupa havayollarında sürdürülebilir pazarlama faaliyetleri
No full textIn recent years, it is observed that consumers behave more environmentally due to the increasingly negative effects of global climate change. As a result of this situation, it can be said that there is an increase in the sustainable marketing activities of airlines. Studies on the sustainable marketing activities of airlines and the attitudes of passengers towards the activities of these airlines are relatively few in our country. Therefore, in this study, while the sustainable activities of airline companies operating in Europe were examined, Turkish and European passengers the general environmental awareness and attitudes towards green airlines were also examined. A questionnaire that included questions about the environmental awareness, flight frequency, flight purposes, airline preferences, and demographic information of the participants was applied to traveling passengers in Turkey and Europe. At the end of the study, the passengers' attitudes towards green airlines were examined and it was observed that there was a similarity in the attitudes of Turkish and European passengers towards green airlines. In addition, it has been observed that the demographic characteristics of the passengers such as their social, and cultural and economic characteristics are also effective in purchasing an eco-friendly product or service. Furthermore, the study found that price is a very important factor in the passengers' choice of green service. Finally, at the end of the study, some suggestions were made to contribute to the sustainable marketing activities of airlines