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High-Voltage Instability of Vinylene Carbonate (VC): Impact of Formed Poly-VC on Interphases and Toxicity
No full textFull exhaustion in specific energy/energy density of state-of-the-art LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM)-based Li-ion batteries (LIB) is currently limited for reasons of NCM stability by upper cut-off voltages (UCV) below 4.3 V. At higher UCV, structural decomposition triggers electrode crosstalk in the course of enhanced transition metal dissolution and leads to severe specific capacity/energy fade; in the worst case to a sudden death phenomenon (roll-over failure). The additive lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) is known to suppress this by scavenging dissolved metals, but at the cost of enhanced toxicity due to the formation of organofluorophosphates (OFPs). Addition of film-forming electrolyte additives like vinylene carbonate (VC) can intrinsically decrease OFP formation in thermally aged LiDFP-containing electrolytes, though the benefit of this dual-additive approach can be questioned at higher UCVs. In this work, VC is shown to decrease the formation of potentially toxic OFPs within the electrolyte during cycling at conventional UCVs but triggers OFP formation at higher UCVs. The electrolyte contains soluble VC-polymerization products. These products are formed at the cathode during VC oxidation (and are found within the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI), suggesting an OFP electrode crosstalk of VC decomposition species, as the OFP-precursor molecules are shown to be formed at the anode
How organisations regulate Muslim body practices: a comparison of schools, hospitals, and swimming pools
No full textIn a comparison of three human service organisations in which the human body plays a key role, we examine how organisations regulate religious body practices. We concentrate on Muslim norms of dressing and undressing as a potential focal point of cultural and religious diversity. Inspired by Ray’s (2019) idea of racialized organizations, we assume that state-run organizations in Germany are characterized by a strong commitment to religious tolerance and non-discrimination but also marked by anti-Muslim sentiment prevalent among the German population. Our study looks for mechanism that explain how Human Service Organizations accommodate Muslim body practices. It draws on qualitative empirical data collected in state-run hospitals, schools and swimming pools in Germany. Our analyses show that the organizations draw on formal and informal rules at the organizational level to accommodate Islam. We identify five general organizational mechanisms that may hinder Muslim accommodation in human service organizations. In particular, we see a risk of decoupling between the expectation of religious tolerance and processes that lead to informal discrimination, driven mainly by the difficulty of controlling group dynamics among users
Individual Decisions on Tax Use
No full textEs wird vorgeschlagen, die individuellen Steuerzahler jeweils entscheiden zu lassen, wofür die von ihnen gezahlten Steuern verwendet werden sollen, z. B. durch Zuweisung an einzelne Haushaltstitel oder größere Positionen im Staatshaushalt. Außerdem sollen die Steuerzahler wählen dürfen, diese Haushaltsentscheidungen weiterhin den gewählten Politikern zu überlassen oder Steuergelder zurückzuerstatten, jedoch nicht in Form eines individuellen Steuerrabatts, der quasi die zur Finanzierung von Kollektivgütern sinnvolle Steuerpflicht aufheben würde, sondern anteilig über einen Sondertopf, der individuell befüllt und proportional an alle Steuerzahler ausgeschüttet wird.It is proposed that individual taxpayers be allowed to decide how the taxes they pay should be used, for example, by allocating them to specific or larger budget items in the state budget. Furthermore, taxpayers should be allowed to choose whether to continue to leave these budgetary decisions to elected politicians or to refund tax revenues. However, this refund should not be done in the form of an individual tax rebate, which would essentially eliminate the tax liability that is useful for financing public goods, but rather proportionally through a special fund that is individually funded and distributed proportionally to all taxpayers
Ist die präoperative Diagnostik ausreichend zur Vermeidung einer Übertherapie beim Schilddrüsenkarzinom?:Eine Untersuchung über Limitationen der präoperativen Diagnostik, Therapie und postoperative Komplikationen
No full textÜberdiagnostik und Übertherapie stellen Herausforderungen beim papillären Schilddrüsenkarzinom dar. Unterschiedliche diagnostische und therapeutische Empfehlungen erschweren die Entscheidungsfindung. In dieser Arbeit wurden der diagnostische Algorithmus mit seinen Limitationen sowie die operative Versorgung und deren Einfluss auf postoperative Komplikationen bei Patienten mit Schilddrüsenkarzinomen untersucht. Hierbei zeigten sich Limitationen in der Detektion von Mikrokarzinomen in den szintigraphischen Verfahren, insbesondere bei Projektion auf Knoten mit einer Größe von ≤ 1 cm. Es wurden extensivere Therapieentscheidungen als in den Leitlinienempfehlungen getroffen, was Auswirkungen auf die Lebensqualität der Patienten hatte. Sowohl totale Thyreoidektomien als auch Lymphadenektomien wurden als potenzielle Risikofaktoren für postoperative Symptome identifiziert. Dies zeigt die Bedeutung eines klaren diagnostischen Algorithmus und der Abwägung der Stärken der diagnostischen Verfahren
Konzert e-Moll für Traversflöte, zwei Violinen und Basso continuo (D-RH Ms 689)
No full textKaum etwas ist über den um die Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts als Flötist und Komponist wirkenden Johann Scherer bekannt. Im "Répertoire International des Sources Musicales" sind gut 50 Werke Scherers - zumeist Flötenkonzerte und Flötenduette - nachgewiesen. Bemerkenswert dabei ist, dass der weitaus größte Teil dieser Musikhandschriften heute in Bibliotheken in Dänemark und Schweden aufbewahrt werden, was ein Wirken Scherers im dänisch-schwedischen Kulturraum denkbar erscheinen lässt. Immerhin fünf Flötenkonzerte Scherers haben sich in der Fürstlich zu Bentheim-Tecklenburgischen Musikbibliothek Rheda erhalten, von denen das vorliegende e-Moll-Konzert nur noch in einem weiteren Exemplar in Stockholm überliefert ist. Im 1750 für die Musikbibliothek Rheda angelegten "Catalogus musicus" wird dieses Konzert im Primärbestand geführt; es ist also mit Sicherheit spätestes 1750 komponiert worden und auf heute unbekanntem Weg in den Musikalienbestand der reichsgräflichen Residenz in Rheda gelangt
Light conditions influence optic nerve OCT angiography parameter in healthy subjects with neutral pupils
No full textOptical coherence tomography angiography measurements are influenced by a range of environmental factors as blood pressure and physical fitness. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of light and dark exposure in eyes with neutral and mydriatic pupils on vessel density in the macular and optic nerve head regions, as measured using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). 55 eyes of 55 healthy volunteers (28 patients with neutral pupils; 27.18 ± 4.33 years) were examined using a high-speed and high-resolution spectral-domain OCT XR Avanti system with a split-spectrum amplitude de-correlation angiography algorithm. OCTA imaging was performed after dark adaptation and after exposure to light. The vessel density data of the superficial and deep retinal macular and optic nerve head region OCT-angiogram were analyzed for these two light conditions. Through Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, the p- value was adapted from 0.05 to 0.017. In eyes with neutral pupils, a significant increase was found in the capillary region of the optic nerve head region (p = 0.002), comparing dark- and light-adaptation. In the macular region of eyes with neutral (p = 0.718) and mydriatic pupils (p = 0.043), no significant differences were observed, as were any in the optic nerve head region of the mydriatic eyes (p = 0.797). This observation suggests that light conditions could be a possible factor influencing OCTA measurements. After dark exposure, vessel density data were significantly different between eyes with neutral and mydriatic pupils (nerve head region: p < 0.0001, superficial macula: p < 0.0001, deep macula: p = 0.0025). These data warn for the effect of mydriatic drops on vessel density measurements
Los sentidos en los "Autos sacramentales" de Calderón
No full textDer Text untersucht die Darstellung der menschlichen Sinne in den Autos sacramentales von Calderón de la Barca. Es wird erläutert, wie die Sinne oft als Quellen der Versuchung und moralischen Verfehlung dargestellt werden. Gleichzeitig wird diskutiert, dass die Sinne an sich nicht schlecht sind, sondern ihr Missbrauch durch den Menschen. Calderón verwendet eine christliche Perspektive, um den Kampf zwischen den äußeren, verführerischen Reizen und der inneren, spirituellen Führung durch den Verstand darzustellen. Die Diskussion umfasst auch die Hierarchie zwischen den Sinnen, wobei das Hören aufgrund seiner Verbindung zum Glauben hervorgehoben wird.El documento analiza la representación de los sentidos humanos en los autos sacramentales de Calderón de la Barca. Se explica cómo los sentidos a menudo se presentan como fuentes de tentación y caída moral. Al mismo tiempo, se discute que los sentidos en sí mismos no son malos, sino su mal uso por parte del hombre. Calderón utiliza una perspectiva cristiana para ilustrar la lucha entre los estímulos externos, seductores, y la guía espiritual interna a través del entendimiento. La discusión también aborda la jerarquía entre los sentidos, destacando la audición por su conexión con la fe
Phagocytic cell death leads to enhanced release of pro-inflammatory S100A12 in familial Mediterranean fever
No full textBackground: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a prototypical autoinflammatory syndrome associated with phagocytic cell activation. Pyrin mutations are the genetic basis of this disease, and its expression has been shown in monocytes, granulocytes, dendritic cells, and synovial fibroblasts. Pyrin functions as a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor and forms a distinct pyrin inflammasome. The phagocyte-specific protein S100A12 is predominantly expressed in granulocytes and belongs to the group of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMP). S100A12 can be detected at massively elevated levels in the serum of FMF patients, even in clinically inactive disease. Whether this is crucial for FMF pathogenesis is as yet unknown, and we therefore investigated the mechanisms of S100A12 release from granulocytes of FMF patients presenting clinically inactive. Results: We demonstrate that FMF neutrophils from patients in clinical inactive disease possess an intrinsic activity leading to cell death even in exogenously unstimulated neutrophils. Cell death resembles NETosis and is dependent on ROS and pore forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD), as inhibitors for both are capable of completely block cell death and S100A12 release. When pyrin-activator TcdA ('Clostridium difficile' toxin A) is used to stimulate, neutrophilic cell death and S100A12 release are significantly enhanced in neutrophils from FMF patients compared to neutrophils from HC. Conclusions: We are able to demonstrate that activation threshold of neutrophils from inactive FMF patients is decreased, most likely by pre-activated pyrin. FMF neutrophils present with intrinsically higher ROS production, when cultured ex vivo. This higher baseline ROS activity leads to increased GSDMD cleavage and subsequent release of, e.g., S100A12, and to increased cell death with features of NETosis and pyroptosis. We show for the first time that cell death pathways in neutrophils of inactive FMF patients are easily triggered and lead to ROS- and GSDMD-dependent activation mechanisms and possibly pathology. This could be therapeutically addressed by blocking ROS or GSDMD cleavage to decrease inflammatory outbreaks when becoming highly active
Photoproducts of Porphyrins with a Focus on Protoporphyrin IX
No full textPorphyrins play important roles in biological systems including oxygen transport and catalysis. Due to their tetrapyrrole core structure, they exhibit exceptional photophysical and electrochemical properties and find many applications in both technical and life science fields, including photodynamic therapy and neurosurgery. The irradiation of porphyrins may cause modifications to their molecular structure or their degradation. Such photobleaching processes potentially affect the success and sensitivity of photosensitizer applications. While there have been many studies using fluorescence spectroscopy to
investigate this phenomenon, reports about analytically validated structures of photoproducts are scarce. It is, however, necessary to know the individual contributions of different molecules to the fluorescence signal in order to evaluate it correctly. This review provides a summary of the current state of knowledge in this respect, discussing especially the validated hydroxyaldehyde and formyl photo-oxidation products of protoporphyrin IX
Potentiated early neural responses to fearful faces are not driven by specific face parts
No full textPrioritized processing of fearful compared to neutral faces is reflected in increased amplitudes of components of the event-related potential (ERP). It is unknown whether specific face parts drive these modulations. Here, we investigated the contributions of face parts on ERPs to task-irrelevant fearful and neutral faces using an ERP-dependent facial decoding technique and a large sample of participants (N = 83). Classical ERP analyses showed typical and robust increases of N170 and EPN amplitudes by fearful relative to neutral faces. Facial decoding further showed that the absolute amplitude of these components, as well as the P1, was driven by the low-frequency contrast of specific face parts. However, the difference between fearful and neutral faces was not driven by any specific face part, as supported by Bayesian statistics. Furthermore, there were no correlations between trait anxiety and main effects or interactions. These results suggest that increased N170 and EPN amplitudes to task-irrelevant fearful compared to neutral faces are not driven by specific facial regions but represent a holistic face processing effect