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On various notions of distance between subalgebras of operator algebras
No full textGiven any irreducible inclusion B ⊂ A of unital C*-algebras with a finite-index conditional expectation E : A → B, we show that the set of E-compatible intermediate C*-subalgebras is finite, thereby generalizing a finiteness result of Ino and Watatani [11]. A finiteness result for a certain collection of intermediate C*-subalgebras of a non-irreducible inclusion of simple unital C*-algebras is also obtained, which provides a C*-version of a finiteness result of Khoshkam and Mashood [18].
Apart from these finiteness results, comparisons between various notions of distance between subalgebras of operator algebras by Kadison–Kastler, Christensen and Mashood–Taylor are made. Further, these comparisons are used satisfactorily to provide some concrete calculations of distance between operator algebras associated to two distinct subgroups of a given discrete group
Impact of enzyme replacement therapy and migalastat on left atrial strain and cardiomyopathy in patients with Fabry disease
No full textAims: Cardiomyopathy in Fabry disease (FD) is a major determinant of morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the effects of FD-specific treatment using enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and chaperone therapy on left atrial (LA) function using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE). Methods and results: In this prospective observational single-center study, 20 FD patients [10 (50%) females] treated with migalastat, 48 FD patients [24 (50%) females] treated with ERT (agalsidase-alfa and agalsidase-beta), and 30 untreated FD patients (all females) as controls were analyzed. The mean follow-up time ranged from 26 to 81 months. 2DSTE was performed for left ventricle strain, right ventricle strain, and LA strain (LAS). FD-specific treated patients presented with increased left ventricular mass index (LVMi) and higher frequency of left ventricular hypertrophy at baseline, whereas untreated control patients showed normal baseline values. FD-specific treated (including migalastat and ERT) patients showed stabilization of LAS over time (p > 0.05). LVMi was also stable in treated FD patients during observation (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In patients with FD, treated with either ERT or chaperone therapy, LAS values measured by echocardiographic speckle tracking were stable over time, pointing toward disease stabilization
Improving Interoperability in Scientific Computing via MaRDI Open Interfaces
No full text'MaRDI Open Interfaces' is a software project aimed at improving reuse and interoperability in scientific computing by alleviating the difficulties of crossing boundaries between different programming languages, such as C, Julia, or Python, in which numerical packages are usually implemented, and of switching between multiple implementations of the same mathematical problem, for example, between different solvers for time integration of differential equations. The software consists of a set of formal interface specifications for common scientific computing tasks, as well as a set of loosely coupled libraries that facilitate implementing these interfaces or adapting existing implementations for multiple programming languages and handle data marshalling automatically without sacrificing performance, enabling users to use different implementations without significant coding efforts. The software has high reuse potential, especially for the tasks such as benchmarking several solvers or when low-level access to the interface of a particular solver is not required
Conceptual Forum Knowledge of Normativity
No full textDieser Band präsentiert die Ergebnisse des Konzeptforums Normativitätswissen. Das Konzept von Thomas Duve versteht Rechtsgeschichte als Geschichte des Umgangs mit normativem Wissen. Die konventionelle Perspektive baut auf einer langen Tradition rechtshistorischer Forschung zur Entstehung von Normen, Ideen, Doktrinen und Institutionen auf. Dagegen war die gesamte Praxis, die mit der Produktion von normativem Wissen einhergeht, in der rechtshistorischen Forschung bislang randständig. Indem Duves Ansatz sie berücksichtigt, bietet er die Möglichkeit, verschiedene epistemische Gemeinschaften und Praxisgemeinschaften in die Analyse einzubeziehen. Außerdem geraten die Untersuchungen von Praktiken, Materialität und anderen lange vernachlässigten Aspekten der Normproduktion in den Blick. Nicht zuletzt dient das Konzept als Methode für eine globale Rechtsgeschichte.This volume presents the findings of the Conceptual Forum Knowledge of Normativity. The concept by Thomas Duve understands legal history as the history of dealing with normative knowledge. The conventional perspective builds on a long tradition of legal historical research on the formation of norms, ideas, doctrines, and institutions. In contrast, the entire practice associated with the production of normative knowledge has so far been marginalised in legal historical research. By taking it into account, Duve's approach offers the possibility of integrating different epistemic communities and communities of practice into its analysis. In addition, the study of practices, materiality and other long-neglected aspects of norm production comes into focus. Not least, Duve's concept serves as a method for a global legal history
Large scale behaviour of infinite dimensional stochastic systems
No full textDas Thema dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung des Langzeitverhaltens stochastischer Systeme. Wir lösen zwei Probleme: Erstens betrachten wir ein Brown’sches (Tracer-)Teilchen in einem divergenzfreien dynamischen Zufallsdriftfeld und beschreiben das präzise Zusammenspiel zwischen der Dynamik der Umgebung und dem grenzwertigen superdiffusiven Verhalten des Teilchens in der (kritischen) zweidimensionalen Umgebung; Zweitens beweisen wir pfadweise a-priori-Abschätzungen für eine multiplikative singuläre stochastische partielle Differentialgleichung (SPDG), die stark genug sind, um ein zeitlich begrenztes Aufblähen der Lösungen auszuschließen, und die auf das verallgemeinerte parabolische Anderson-Modell, die stochastische Quantisierung der Euklidischen Sine-Gordon-Quantenfeldtheorie und die Konstruktion stochastischer Flüsse für klassische Itô-SPDG jenseits des Spurklassenregimes anwendbar sind.The theme of this thesis is the study of the large time behaviour of stochastic systems. We solve two problems: first, we consider a Brownian (tracer) particle in a divergence- free dynamic random drift field and describe the fine interplay between the dynamics of the environment and the borderline super-diffusive behaviour of the particle, in the (critical) two-dimensional setting; second, we prove pathwise a priori estimates for a multiplicative singular stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) that are strong enough to rule out finite-in-time blow up of solutions, applicable to the generalised Parabolic Anderson Model, the stochastic quantisation of the Sine-Goron Euclidean quantum field theory, and the construction of stochastic flows for classical Itô's SPDEs beyond the trace
Lernen zukunftsweisend und flexibel gestalten!:Eine Antwort auf die Bürger:innen-Frage: Wie kann man in Zukunft die Bildung flexibler gestalten, um damit schneller auf veränderte Bedarfe zu reagieren?
No full textDie Welt steht gegenwärtig und zukünftig vor einer Vielzahl komplexer Herausforderungen und tiefgreifender Veränderungen: Nicht nur der rasante technologische Wandel, der aktuell vor allem durch den Einsatz und das Wirken künstlicher Intelligenz sichtbar wird, verändert gesellschaftliches Handeln, Arbeitsmärkte und damit auch Anforderungen an eine zukunftsweisende Bildung grundlegend. [...] Gefragt ist im Bildungssystem die Förderung insbesondere von Zukunftskompetenzen wie kritischem Denken, Kreativität, Kommunikation und Kollaboration – den sogenannten 4K. Die Vermittlung der 4K wird zunehmend zur zentralen Aufgabe moderner Bildungssysteme, um Schüler*innen in die Lage zu versetzen, aktiv, reflektiert und verantwortungsvoll an der Gestaltung der Zukunft mitzuwirken. Um die 4K zu trainieren und gleichzeitig die digitale Kompetenz von Schüler*innen ab der ersten Klasse zu fördern, bietet sich zum Beispiel projektorientiertes Lernen im Rahmen der Maker Education an
Lernumgebungen im Mathematikunterricht der Grundschule:Eine Studie zur Ausprägung fachdidaktischer Kompetenzen von Lehramtsstudierenden sowie Lehramtsanwärterinnen und Lehramtsanwärtern
No full textMit einer qualitativen Vergleichsstudie werden Zusammenhänge zwischen dem fachdidaktischen Wissen von Lehramtsstudierenden sowie von Lehramtsanwärterinnen und -anwärtern und der mathematikdidaktisch reflektierten Analyse der Potenziale mathematischer Lernumgebungen aufgezeigt. Zudem wird mit einer Interventionsstudie untersucht, ob gezielte universitäre Lehrangebote die fachdidaktische Kompetenz von Lehramtsstudierenden im Umgang mit mathematischen Lernumgebungen erweitern. Entsprechende Empfehlungen für die erste und die zweite Phase der Lehrkräftebildung werden formuliert
Low-Dose Total Skin Electron Beam Radiotherapy in Stage IB-IIB Mycosis Fungoides: Results From the Prospective S-MISR Study
No full textPurpose: Low-dose radiation demonstrates efficacy in treating primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of low-dose total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT) regimens in patients with mycosis fungoides (MF). Materials and Methods: Patients with stage IB to IIB MF received low-dose TSEBT. The primary end point assessed was the overall response rate (ORR). The secondary end points included time to next treatment (TTNT), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity. Exploratory patient-reported outcome measures and potential soluble biomarkers were investigated. Results: In a study of 118 patients, 38 were in stage IB to IIA and 80 were in stage IIB according to International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas /European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) TNM classification. Patients had received a median of four previous treatments and were treated with either 12 Gy in eight fractions (65 patients) or 8 Gy in two fractions (53 patients). The ORR was 92% at 3 months. After a median follow-up of 45 months (95% CI, 36 to 54), the median TTNT was 16 months (95% CI, 8 to 24) and the median PFS was 11 months (95% CI, 8 to 14). There was no significant difference in outcome between the radiation regimens. Only 17% reported grade 2 toxicities, and the rate of grade 3 or higher toxicity was 4%. There were no significant differences in toxicity based on radiation dose or fractionation. Participants reported meaningful improvements, including reduced itching and skin disease burden, along with better scores on Skindex-29 and EORTC core quality of life questionnaire assessments. The study identified several prognostic factors and potential biomarkers in a multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Low-dose TSEBT delivered with 8 Gy or 12 Gy provides significant clinical benefits and shows minimal toxicity. In a multivariate analysis, we identified several prognostic factors and potential biomarkers which could support patient selection
Macrophage invasion into the Drosophila brain requires JAK/STAT-dependent MMP activation in the blood–brain barrier
No full textThe central nervous system is well-separated from external influences by the blood–brain barrier. Upon surveillance, infection or neuroinflammation, however, peripheral immune cells can enter the brain where they often cause detrimental effects. To invade the brain, immune cells not only have to breach cellular barriers, but they also need to traverse associated extracellular matrix barriers. Neither in vertebrates nor in invertebrates is it fully understood how these processes are molecularly controlled. We recently established Drosophila melanogaster as a model to elucidate peripheral immune cell invasion into the brain. Here, we show that neuroinflammation leads to the expression of Unpaired cytokines that activate the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in glial cells of the blood–brain barrier. This in turn triggers the expression of matrix metalloproteinases enabling remodeling of the extracellular matrix enclosing the fly brain and a subsequent invasion of immune cells into the brain. Our study demonstrates conserved mechanisms underlying immune cell invasion of the nervous system in invertebrates and vertebrates and could, thus, further contribute to understanding of JAK/STAT signaling during neuroinflammation
Pseudomonadal itaconate degradation gene cluster encodes enzymes for methylsuccinate utilization
No full textVerzweigtkettige C5-Dicarbonsäuren (z. B. Citramalat, Mesaconat oder Methylsuccinat) und ihre CoA-Ester sind wichtige Zwischenprodukte im bakteriellen Stoffwechsel, während Itaconat ein antimikrobielles Wirkstoff, ein wirksamer Immunmodulator und ein Wachstumssubstrat für viele Bakterien ist. Der Itaconat-Abbauweg besteht aus drei Reaktionen, die durch Itaconat-CoA-Transferase, Itaconyl-CoA-Hydratase und (S)-Citramalyl-CoA-Lyase katalysiert werden, die in einem Cluster kodiert sind, der in saprophytischen Bakterien zwei zusätzliche Gene für eine putative Acyl-CoA-Dehydrogenase und ein Protein der MmgE/PrpD-Familie enthält. Hier haben wir diese Proteine aus Cupriavidus necator und Pseudomonas aeruginosa heterolog produziert und gezeigt, dass sie die (RS)-Methylsuccinyl-C4-CoA-Dehydrogenase- bzw. eine (S)-(R)-Methylsuccinat-Isomerase-Reaktion katalysieren. Zusammen mit der Itaconat-CoA-Transferase, die gegenüber (R)-Methylsuccinat hochaktiv ist, aber nur eine geringe Aktivität gegenüber (S)-Methylsuccinat aufweist, ermöglichen diese Enzyme die Verwertung beider Stereoisomere von Methylsuccinat. Unsere bioinformatische Analyse ergab, dass 1,6 % der sequenzierten Prokaryoten (hauptsächlich Betaproteobacteria) eine identifizierte Methylsuccinat-Isomerase besitzen. Die Analyse der konservierten Aminosäuren von Methylsuccinat-Isomerase und anderen MmgE/PrpD-Proteinen legt nahe, dass sie einen gemeinsamen katalytischen Mechanismus über die Bildung eines Enolat-Zwischenprodukts haben. Das Vorhandensein spezifischer Methylsuccinat-Verwertungsgene im Itaconat-Abbaucluster, der in saprophytischen Bakterien weit verbreitet ist, deutet auf die Bedeutung von Methylsuccinat in der Umwelt hin.Branched-chain C5-dicarboxylic acids (e.g., citramalate, mesaconate or methylsuccinate) and their CoA-esters are important intermediates in bacterial metabolism, while itaconate is an antimicrobial agent, a potent immunomodulator and a growth substrate for many bacteria. The itaconate degradation pathway consists of three reactions catalyzed by itaconate CoA transferase, itaconyl-CoA hydratase and (S)-citramalyl-CoA lyase encoded in a cluster, which in saprophytic bacteria contains two additional genes for a putative acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and a protein of the MmgE/PrpD family. Here, we heterologously produced the corresponding proteins from Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and showed that they catalyze the (RS)-methylsuccinyl-C4-CoA dehydrogenase and an (S)-(R)-methylsuccinate isomerase reaction, respectively. Together with itaconate CoA transferase, which is highly active with (R)-methylsuccinate but has low activity with (S)-methylsuccinate, these enzymes allow the utilization of both stereoisomers of methylsuccinate. Our bioinformatic analysis revealed that 1.6% of the sequenced prokaryotes (mainly Betaproteobacteria) possess an identified methylsuccinate isomerase. Analysis of the conserved amino acids of methylsuccinate isomerase and other MmgE/PrpD proteins suggests that they share a common catalytic mechanism via the formation of an enolate intermediate. The presence of specific methylsuccinate utilization genes in the itaconate degradation cluster, which is widespread in saprophytic bacteria, suggests the importance of methylsuccinate in the environment